第一篇:高考英語一輪復(fù)習1名詞性從句教學(xué)案
專題11 名詞性從句
考綱展示 命題探究
考點一 主語從句
基礎(chǔ)點
主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通過放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
主語從句的連接詞
在句中起主語作用的從句稱為主語從句。連接主語從句的連接詞主要有三類:從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。
(1)從屬連詞
從屬連詞主要有兩個that, whether;從屬連詞在從句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要來參加會議使我們每一個人都十分激動。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取決于你自己。
特別提醒
if一般(不在句首)引導(dǎo)主語從句。that引導(dǎo)主語從句不能省略。(2)連接代詞
連接代詞在從句中起名詞的作用,作主語、賓語、表語、定語等,一般表示疑問。who誰,whom誰(賓格),whose誰的,what什么,which哪一個,whoever無論是誰,whomever無論是誰(賓格),whosever無論是誰的,whatever無論是什么,whichever無論是哪一個。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么還不清楚。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們當中第一個到達這里的人將獲得這個獎品。
特別提醒
主語為從句時,謂語動詞一般要用單數(shù)形式;但如果what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語、代表復(fù)數(shù)概念時,謂語動詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
What we need is water.我們所需要的是水。
What we need are useful books.我們所需要的是有用的書。(3)連接副詞
連接副詞在從句中起副詞的作用,作狀語,一般表示疑問,但有時不表示疑問。when什么時候,where在哪里,why為什么,how如何,whenever無論是什么時候,wherever無論在哪里,however無論如何。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行還沒有宣布。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它們?yōu)槭裁赐蝗幌н€是個謎。
重難點
it作形式主語的主語從句
(1)It+be+adj.+主語從句。常用于該句型的adj.有: necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正確的 wrong錯誤的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明顯的
It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚,整個項目就要失敗。
典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意:總統(tǒng)可以采取什么措施來結(jié)束罷工一點兒都不清楚。此句中it是形式主語,代替后面的真正的主語從句,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填能夠引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞,由于從句中及物動詞do后缺少賓語,故應(yīng)使用連接代詞what。
(2)It+be+名詞/名詞詞組+主語從句。常用于該句型的名詞或名詞詞組有: shame遺憾
pity可惜
hope希望 no wonder難怪 good news好消息
It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遺憾我們失去了一位如此重要的客戶。
It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我們的希望是雙方能夠合作。
(3)It+be+過去分詞+主語從句。常用于該句型的過去分詞有:
said據(jù)說
believed被相信
reported據(jù)報道 thought被認為 known所知
It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.據(jù)說我們學(xué)校下周要舉行運動會。
It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他們要在下個月開始這項工程已經(jīng)定下來了。
(4)It+特殊動詞/動詞短語+主語從句。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊動詞/動詞短語有: seem看上去
appear顯得
happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out結(jié)果是
It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.剛好有一頭獅子躲在旁邊。
Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去參加會議要緊嗎?
典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意:在十字路口無論你向左轉(zhuǎn)還是右轉(zhuǎn)都沒關(guān)系——兩條路都通往公園。It是形式主語,設(shè)
空處應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞,從句后半部分的連詞or提示本題為whether...or...結(jié)構(gòu),表示“是……還是……”。
典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意:現(xiàn)在人類登上月球不再是問題??疾槊~性從句,it為形式主語,后面的從句是真正的主語。由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,故用that。
[考法綜述] 了解名詞性從句的基本用法,掌握各引導(dǎo)詞的用法,辨析that與what,掌握it作形式主語的常見結(jié)構(gòu)。
命題法 考查主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意:我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐挛锱c我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,________we understand things 在句中作主語,是主語從句,根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用連接副詞how。
典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依據(jù)語境可知,此處指有些人對大詩人李白的出生地存在質(zhì)疑,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,What Li Bai,...was born在句中作主語且其中只缺狀語,因此改為Where,引導(dǎo)主語從句。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句要在從句中作主、賓或表語。
【解題法】(1)掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義和功能上的差別。
(2)在語篇型語法填空中,考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是不給提示詞的,考生要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),找出主語部分,分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和表達的意義。
(3)在短文改錯中,考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯用,掌握相似引導(dǎo)詞的差別,如what和that等。從引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和意義入手。
A.單句填空
1.Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意:馬鈴薯具體是在什么時候被引入歐洲的并不確定,但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知,后一分句是來補充說明前一分句中的不確定的內(nèi)容的,根據(jù)“around 1565”可知是對時間進行提問,因此用when引導(dǎo)前面的主語從句。] 2.I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意:我認為他的畫給我印象最深的是他對色彩的運用。what引導(dǎo)主語從句,且在從句中作主語,表示“……的”。] 3.Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意:一些人認為,不管是以前發(fā)生的還是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情都會在將來重現(xiàn)。此處“________has happened before or is happening now”是主語從句,且從句中缺少主語,故填what/whatever。] 4.________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意:延誤的飛機何時起飛很大程度上取決于天氣狀況。根據(jù)句意填連接副詞When。] 5.________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意:使這本書非同尋常的是這位作家創(chuàng)造性的想象力。What在此處引導(dǎo)主語從句,并在從句中作主語。] 6.________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意:你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會影響你的情緒。此處為主語從句,if表示“是否”且于句首時不引導(dǎo)主語從句。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用Whether。] 7.It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意:我突然想起我沒鎖門。it是形式主語,真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。It occurs to sb.that意為“某人突然想起……”。] 8.As the spokeswoman said,________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意:正如女發(fā)言人所說的那樣,我們是否應(yīng)該針對他們采取行動取
決于他們將會怎么做。本空需要用連接詞引導(dǎo)主語從句,表示“是否”,因此用whether引導(dǎo)。] 9.—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意:——是什么使她這么快樂?——她兒子通過高考了。答語為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用。] 10.________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意:重要的不是你讀了多少書,而是你讀完書后學(xué)到了多少。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看,is前面是一個主語從句,從句中缺少主語,應(yīng)用What。] B.單句改錯
1.That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意:你在會上所說的話描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,引導(dǎo)主語從句,且在從句中作賓語,故用What, That引導(dǎo)主語從句,在從句中不作成分。] 2.It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意:這個新成立的委員會的政策能否實施還有待觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,It 作形式主語,而真正的主語是后面的從句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”;再根據(jù)句意可判斷,此處表示“是否”,故改為whether, that無意義。] 3.It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意:這部電影最打動我的是父親對他兒子深深的愛?!癐t struck me most in the movie”為主語從句,從句中缺少主語,表示“所……的”,故用What,It不引導(dǎo)從句。] 4.Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意:你們中任何一個人打破窗戶都必須賠償。根據(jù)題干中one of you可知,空處要用whichever修飾one, 指“你們中的任何一個人”。which指哪一個,表達疑問,故改為whichever。] 5.It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:你失敗多少次都不要緊;要緊的是你有多少次站起來并再次嘗試。分析句子成分可知,“that matters”是主語從句,從句中缺少主語,指物,故用what引導(dǎo)。that不作成分。]
6.We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主語從句,在賓語從句中作主語,根據(jù)語境可知,該主語從句缺少主語且表示事物,故用what。which指某一范圍中的哪個或哪些。] 7.It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意:不清楚這個人為什么不早一點報告那起事故。此處需要連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作原因狀語,why表示“為什么……”。故把that改為why。] 8.—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就沒想到你能說服他改變自己的看法”,句中It作形式主語,這里應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)主語從句,連接詞在從句中不作任何成份,也無意義。故把what改為that。]
考點二 賓語從句
基礎(chǔ)點
在句中起賓語作用的從句稱為賓語從句(Object Clause)。賓語從句可分為三類:動詞后的賓語從句、介詞后的賓語從句、形容詞后的賓語從句。賓語從句的連接詞
I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我認為你應(yīng)該向老師求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。
I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能為你做些什么。
He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他沒告訴我什么時候我們再相見。
Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能給我展示一下如何操作這臺機器嗎?
I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該信任誰。
典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意:杰瑞不后悔給出評論,但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方式來表達的。從句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的賓語,連接詞that在從句中不作成分。故填that。
特別提醒
that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,常被省去,但下列情況下不能省略:①當that從句作介詞的賓語時;②動詞后跟有多個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,只有第一個that可以省略,引導(dǎo)第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省略;③賓語從句前有插入語時;④that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他來自鄉(xiāng)下以外,我對他一無所知。
He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他說他非常喜歡雨,下雨天他都不愿打傘。
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我們希望他和我們待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我們隊會贏。
一般來說,能引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
表疑問的賓語從句需要運用陳述句語序,但個別賓語從句本應(yīng)運用陳述語序,但由于習慣而仍保持原疑問語序不變。
I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道這臺機器怎么了。2 動詞后接賓語從句的用法
(1)大多數(shù)及物動詞及動詞短語后可接賓語從句。
We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我們應(yīng)當牢記,學(xué)習是沒有捷徑的。(2)用it作形式賓語的賓語從句。
一些動詞后的賓語從句有賓語補足語時,則需要用it作形式賓語,而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。常見的這類動詞有:
find發(fā)現(xiàn)
feel感覺
think認為 consider考慮 believe相信 guess猜測 suppose假定,設(shè)想 make使得
I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我認為我們每天喝大量開水是有必要的。
The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7:30 every morning.老師規(guī)定每天早晨7:30之前所有的清掃工作必須結(jié)束。
(3)動詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”,“厭惡”的動詞以及一些動詞短語see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置。
I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話。
I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能幫助我,我將不勝感激。
典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意:你完全可以相信杰克的話,因為他從不說謊。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作rely on的賓語,what在從句中作says的賓語。介詞后接賓語從句的用法
(1)一般情況下介詞后只能接wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他將給我們講述他在美國的見聞。
典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意:當她醒來時,她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己好像正站在一塊石頭上。stand on后接賓語從句,賓語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語,what在賓語從句中作主語,that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不作介詞賓語。故填what。
(2)in, but, except 等少數(shù)幾個介詞后可接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,但此時介詞和that已形成固定搭配,即in that因為,but that要不是,except that除了。
The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅很高是有害的,因為它可能使人不愿意多賺錢。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你幫助他,他會失敗的。(but that意為“若不是,要不是”)4 形容詞后接賓語從句的用法
(1)表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語從句,如:afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。
I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高興你們?nèi)叶紩怼?/p>
I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我確信盡管天氣很不好,但他們會準時到達的。
(2)sure后賓語從句的連接詞that, whether, if的選擇。
當be sure用于肯定句時,其后的賓語從句的連接詞常用that;當be sure用于否定
句時,其后的賓語從句的連接詞常用whether或if。
Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你確定我坐在你旁邊不會打擾你嗎?
I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不確定要不要給他寫信。
重難點 賓語從句的時態(tài)
(1)主句的謂語動詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時,從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態(tài)。
He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他說他從周一至周五都在學(xué)校學(xué)習。
He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他會告訴我們我們不在的期間他出了什么事的。
(2)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時時,從句的謂語動詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那個男孩說周日下午沒有課。
My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的語文老師問我他進來時我是否在讀《紅與黑》這本書。
(3)如果從句表示客觀事實或真理,不管主句的謂語動詞是何種時態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提時,人們告訴我月亮自身不會發(fā)光,我不相信。
特別提醒
學(xué)習賓語從句的時態(tài)的有關(guān)知識時要注意:若主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的謂語動詞須根據(jù)需要選用相應(yīng)的時態(tài);若主句的謂語動詞用一般過去時,則從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)用過去的某種時態(tài)(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時);若從句的內(nèi)容為客觀事實、格言、諺語、真理等,從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)不受動詞時態(tài)一致性原則的限制,仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時;若從句的內(nèi)容為歷史事實,從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時。賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
(1)主句主語是第一人稱,謂語動詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的賓語從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。
I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在兩小時內(nèi)記住這100個單詞。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜歡它。
(2)含有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子變反意疑問句時有兩種情況:若主句主語是第一人稱,簡短問
句的主語和謂語應(yīng)分別與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致;若主句主語不是第一人稱,簡短問句的主語和謂語應(yīng)分別與主句的主語和謂語保持一致。
I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認為他對那件事不感興趣,是嗎?
You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認為他沒有通過這次考試,是嗎?
“I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常見的表達,但是沒有“I don't hope/guess so.”,正確的表達應(yīng)為“I hope/guess not.”。
[考法綜述] 考查賓語從句主要集中在對引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各引導(dǎo)詞的考查上,以及it作形式賓語的賓語從句的考查。
命題法 考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意:我真的相信美是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的賓語,是賓語從句,不缺少句子成分,故填that。
典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根據(jù)語境和形容詞thick可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句,表示程度。此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故把what改為how。
【解題法】(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),找出主句謂語,判斷從句類別。掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義、功能上的差別。
(2)在語篇型語法填空中,要分析設(shè)空處在從句中的成分和意義,結(jié)合整個主句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,從而找到合適的引導(dǎo)詞。
(3)在短文改錯中,先分析主句結(jié)構(gòu),再分析從句的類別,熟記各引導(dǎo)詞的特點,找出使用錯誤的引導(dǎo)詞,并改正。
A.單句填空
1.The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意:該展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円扇〈胧┳柚箍諝馕廴?。根?jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處用why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。] 2.—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根據(jù)答語“By working out every day”可知,空格處用how 來引導(dǎo)賓語從句,表示方式。] 3.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意:讀著她的自傳,我對Doris Lessing 在文學(xué)上已經(jīng)取得的成就贊嘆不已。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷,for后接一個賓語從句,而從句中缺少賓語,所以要用what。] 4.We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意:我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時候來,以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知,要給Karl訂房間,那么就要清楚他來這里的時間,故填when。] 5.Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意:蘇珊清楚地向我表明,她希望自己開始一種新的生活。it為形式賓語,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的賓語從句為真正的賓語。從句結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整,故用that。] 6.After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意:長途跋涉后,這些年輕人最終到達了他們稱之為天堂的地方。“________they called the paradise”是賓語從句,作reach的賓語,在從句中call缺賓語,故用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句同時作從句中call的賓語。] 7.The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意:3G手機對于那些想要快速瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息的人來說一定是非常方便實用的。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句作介詞to的賓語,且whoever在從句中作主語,相當于anyone who。] 8.John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意:John 對這個問題意味著什么感到很迷惑。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷,about后接的是一個賓語從句,而從句中meant缺少賓語,所以填what。] 9.Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意:母親常給我打電話,問我學(xué)習進展如何。此處asking 后為賓語從句,根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)填how。] 10.Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意:你確定李先生要來參加你的生日晚會嗎?空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,且在從句中不作成分,故用that引導(dǎo)。] B.單句改錯
1.It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:對我們來說很難想象在古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。What...be like為固定形式,表示“……是什么樣子”。what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作imagine的賓語,同時what在賓語從句中作介詞like的賓語。] 2.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意:振作起來。勇氣就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,doing后為賓語從句,從句中缺少賓語,故用what。that在名詞性從句中不作成分。] 3.Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意:警察已經(jīng)找到了與丟失的古代的雕像類似的東西。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作主語。where是副詞,不作主語。] 4.Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意:專家們相信,人們只有在必要時才去購物就能減少食物浪費。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知,believe后面要求接賓語從句,而且從句中不缺句子成分,也無意義,所以用that。] 5.Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________
答案 which→what [句意:有些人太過在意自己的外表,總是問(別人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起來是否不錯。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),再結(jié)合句意“他們所穿的衣服”應(yīng)使用連詞what引導(dǎo)這一賓語從句,what在從句中作wear的賓語,指代人穿的衣服。which在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時意為“哪一個”,不合題意,故把which改為what。] 6.Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意:只有當你親自來到紐約時,你才會意識到美國文化是多么不同。根據(jù)how+adj./adv.+主語+其他部分可知,應(yīng)用how。故把what改為how。] 7.The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意:新郎和新娘給任何一個參加他們婚禮的人發(fā)禮物以分享他們的幸福。分析句子成分可知,“who attended their wedding”是賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,故用whoever,意為“無論誰”,而who意為“誰”,表疑問。] 8.—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9:00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意:——爸爸,今晚我想和朋友們一起出去吃飯。——記住你9點前必須回家。keep in mind that...是習慣用語,意為“記住……”,其中that引導(dǎo)的從句作keep的賓語。故把when改為that。] 9.This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意:未來五年地方公共服務(wù)應(yīng)該如何改進的問題仍然遺留下來。應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞of的賓語,且how在從句中作方式狀語。how意為“如何”,that無意義。故把that改為how。] 10.He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意:他今天似乎太累了,我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。賓語從句表示是否,動詞后可用if或whether, that無意義,故把that改為if/whether。]
考點三 表語從句和同位語從句
基礎(chǔ)點
一、表語從句
在句子中作表語的從句稱為表語從句(Predicative Clause)。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞主要有:從屬連詞that, whether;連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等;連接副詞when, where, why, how等。此外,表語從句還可用because和as if/as though等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語從句的連接詞
從屬連詞在句中只起連接作用,不作成分;連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語;連接副詞在從句中作狀語。
從屬連詞:that,whether 連接代詞:what,who,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whosever,whichever等
連接副詞:how,when,where,why等
The question is whether you can afford it.問題是你是否買得起。
Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我們的計劃是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他說的話。
Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好機會就在你眼前。
特別提醒
if不引導(dǎo)表語從句;that引導(dǎo)表語從句一般不省略。
典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意:——在選擇家具時,你只注重功能而我更注重設(shè)計?!钦俏覀儾煌牡胤健?疾楸碚Z從句。where在從句中作狀語。as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句
此類表語從句可用陳述語氣,也可用虛擬語氣,常跟在一些連系動詞后面,如: seem似乎
look看起來
taste嘗起來 sound聽起來 feel摸起來 appear好像
It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天發(fā)生的一樣。
It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。
特別提醒
as if/as though意為“好像,仿佛”,其引導(dǎo)的表語從句常位于系動詞(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表語從句所述的是非真實的情況,從句用虛擬語氣;若從句所述的是事實或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況,從句用陳述語氣??忌屑汅w會其中的語境差別。
I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感覺好像我們已經(jīng)認識多年了。
She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起來好像努力工作了很長時間。3 because, why也可引導(dǎo)表語從句
because引導(dǎo)的表語從句,主語不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型: This/That is why...這/那是……的原因 This/That is because...這/那是因為……
This is why we missed the early bus.這就是我們錯過了早班車的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因為他生病了。
特別提醒
當主句的主語是reason時,表語從句一般用that引導(dǎo),不能用why或because,這種用法常見于以下句型:
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他來晚了是因為起床晚了。
二、同位語從句 在句中作同位語的從句,稱作同位語從句。同位語從句常位于下列名詞之后,如: advice建議
demand要求
doubt懷疑 fact事實 hope希望 idea主意
information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低語 order命令 problem問題 promise諾言 question問題 request請求 suggestion建議 truth事實 wish愿望 word消息 conclusion結(jié)論 thought想法
The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。
I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他們什么時候回來定居。2 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
(1)常用的引導(dǎo)詞有:that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語從句
在同位語從句中that, whether不作成分,whether表示“是否”,其他連接詞具有實義,同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略。
The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些國家仍然貧窮對整個世界來說是一個大問題。
The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.為什么如此之多的人愿意到鄉(xiāng)下去居住仍然在討論中。
典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意:我向自己保證:今年——我高中的第一年——將會是不同尋常的一年。分析句意可知,空格處引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,解釋說明promise的內(nèi)容,并且此從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整,故用that引導(dǎo)。
(2)what也可引導(dǎo)同位語從句
I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我給了這個女孩一個大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望擁有的東西。(3)分隔式同位語從句
有時同位語從句的謂語較短,而從句內(nèi)容較長,這時為避免“頭重腳輕”,常常將謂語部分提到從句前面,形成分隔式同位語從句。
My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要給父母買一間大房子的愿望終有一天會實現(xiàn)的。
典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意:下午兩點左右,有人通知說會議要推遲了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位語從句,該從句解釋說明notice的具體內(nèi)容,從句不缺少成分,所以用that引導(dǎo)。此處謂語較短,從句較長,為避免“頭重腳輕”而將從句放在了謂語部分之后,形成了分隔式同位語從句。故填that。
重難點 后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞
這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語,但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
(√)I admire their winning the match.我羨慕他們贏了比賽。
(×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞
有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。
(√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他給經(jīng)理的印象是個誠實人。
(×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh-與wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別
連接詞what, which, who分別表示“……的東西或事情”、“哪一個”、“誰”,表示疑問含義;而whatever, whichever, whoever分別相當于anything that, any...that, anyone who意為“無論……”,強調(diào)一切情況。試比較:
What you choose to wear should be clean.你選擇穿的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。
Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.無論你選擇穿什么,你的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。
特別提醒
如何判斷是用wh-還是用wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句?
做題時,我們要認真分析語境,看看句子要表達什么意思,如果表示任何一個人或事物,無范圍可言,就用wh-ever;如果有疑問的含義,且指的是具體的人或物,就用wh-。wh-ever和no matter wh-的區(qū)別
wh-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,如:whatever, whichever, whoever等;而no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,如:no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。
I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English
contest.我將把這本字典贈給在英語比賽中獲得一等獎的人。(賓語從句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管誰在英語競賽中獲得一等獎,我都會把這本字典給他。(讓步狀語從句)
[考法綜述](1)對表語從句的考查通常是以引導(dǎo)詞的選擇為主,所以正確分析表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當重要。先確定從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義是否完整,如果完整就用that,且that不能省略;如果不完整,確定所缺成分,然后結(jié)合句意選定答案。弄清從句中的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的也很重要。如果從句中的謂語是不及物動詞,那么后面的部分是狀語,再根據(jù)缺少的意思來選定答案。
(2)解答考查同位語從句的題目時,一定先要找出從句解釋說明的那個名詞,然后根據(jù)從句的意思和從句的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷從句所缺的引導(dǎo)詞:
①從句意思和成分都完整就用that引導(dǎo),此時要注意that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別。
②從句成分完整,但意思不完整,就用whether(是否),切記此時不能用if代替whether。③從句缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語,則應(yīng)用連接代詞。根據(jù)句子所要表達的意思進一步選擇用哪一個連接代詞。
④從句缺少地點狀語、時間狀語、方式狀語或原因狀語時,則分別用連接副詞where, when, how, why。
命題法1 考查表語從句
典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意:船泊港灣固然安全,可那不是造船的初衷。but連接的并列句中that's后應(yīng)為表語從句,________ ships are built for表示為什么目的而造船,what for結(jié)構(gòu)與句子意思相符。
典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意:正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)所說,生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計劃的時候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。此處引導(dǎo)表語從句并在從句中充當主語,把that改為what。
【解題法】 表語從句的解題思路
(1)找出主句的動詞、系動詞之后,為表語從句分析從句意義和結(jié)構(gòu),利用各引導(dǎo)詞的特點。
(2)在語篇型語法填空中,主要考查引導(dǎo)詞。找出空前的系動詞確定是表語從句,分析所填詞在從句中的成分和意義。
(3)在短文改錯中,主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯用、漏用和多余。掌握that與what的區(qū)別,以及who與whoever等詞的區(qū)別。分析句子成分,結(jié)合句意。
命題法2 考查同位語從句
典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意:——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取嗎?——是的,可我不知道他為什么那么做;那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句,用于解釋說明idea的內(nèi)容;從句中缺少狀語,根據(jù)句意此處表示原因,故用why引導(dǎo)。
典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意:成功達到最高水平的唯一辦法是保持這樣一種信念,即你比運動場上的任何一個人都好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知。此處為同位語從句,而且從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整,所以用that。] 【解題法】 同位語從句的解題思路
(1)掌握常跟同位語從句的一些名詞如suggestion, advice, hope等,了解同位語從句的功能。
(2)在語篇型語法填空中,主要是考查引導(dǎo)詞。同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that較多見,也會考到when, where等。分析主句結(jié)構(gòu),識別關(guān)鍵詞,判斷從句種類。
(3)在短文改錯中,主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用、漏用和多余??忌鶕?jù)主句結(jié)構(gòu)挑出從句,如從句表示陳述意義,常用that引導(dǎo),表疑問常用疑問詞引導(dǎo)。
A.單句填空
1.The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意:對這個足球明星來說,進球得分的時刻是最好的時刻。when在表語從句中表時間。] 2.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意:“每次你吃甜東西,喝點綠茶?!边@是過去媽媽經(jīng)常對我說的話。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查的是表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句缺少tell的直接賓語,用what引導(dǎo)。] 3.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意:——真是一團糟!你總是這么懶惰!——媽媽,別怪我。我現(xiàn)在這樣就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知,I am后是表語從句,引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作made me后的賓語補足語,相當于the one that,即I am the one that you have made me。類似例子還有:He is no longer what(=the one that)he used to be。] 4.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意:奶奶指著那個醫(yī)院說:“那就是我出生的地方?!贝颂幙疾榈氖敲~性從句中的表語從句。] 5.Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the
challenges in life.答案 what [句意:勇氣是一種好品質(zhì),那就是面對生活中挑戰(zhàn)所需要的品質(zhì)。that's 后為表語從句,而且引導(dǎo)詞作從句中takes的賓語。故應(yīng)填what。] 6.Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意:面對困難,你應(yīng)該相信你的自信會起很大作用。make a difference意為“起作用,有影響”;本句中“________makes a difference”是表語從句,因為從句缺主語,故用what。] 7.Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意:不要難過,最重要的是我們必須從錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn),并繼續(xù)前進。表語從句不缺任何成分,故填that。] 8.I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意:我覺得他說得多做得少,這就是他從來沒有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容;在定語從句中,空處引導(dǎo)表語從句,再結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)填why。] 9.The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意:《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭。此處為表語從句,從句不缺少成分,所以用that引導(dǎo)。] B.單句改錯
1.From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意:從太空看,地球是藍色的。這是因為地球表面大約有71%的區(qū)域被水覆蓋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為表語從句,表示原因,故用because。because后加原因,why后加結(jié)果。因此把why改為because。] 2.Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意:通過數(shù)年的研究,兒童早期睡眠問題長大后有可能繼續(xù)的證據(jù)已經(jīng)被找到了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后面的部分是解釋說明evidence的內(nèi)容,是evidence的同位語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分,故把why改為that。] 3.Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意:如果能稱之為問題的話,她唯一的問題是她一直想成功。引導(dǎo)表語從句,從句中不缺少任何成分,故用that引導(dǎo)。] 4.The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意:問題是我們?nèi)绾卧谶@么短的時間內(nèi)提高我們的閱讀技能。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知,這里需要用連接副詞how來引導(dǎo)表語從句。] 5.There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意:即使所有的因素都考慮了,系統(tǒng)是否會運轉(zhuǎn)仍有些疑問。whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句,作doubt的同位語,whether表示“是否”。] 6.People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意:全世界的人民都有一個夢想,即永遠過著和平的生活。此處為同位語從句,解釋名詞dream的內(nèi)容,因為從句中不缺少成分且意義完整,所以用that引導(dǎo)。] 7.The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意:這個專家的爭論已經(jīng)得到了來自公眾的大力支持,爭論圍繞汽車數(shù)量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此處為同位語從句,解釋說明argument的內(nèi)容,因從句不缺少成分,且句意完整,所以使用that引導(dǎo)。]
易錯題一:名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用
[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[錯解] It/That/Who [錯因分析] 此處缺少主語,因此考生容易誤用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得體會]
[例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[錯解] which/that/if [錯因分析] 該題貌似定語從句,考生易誤填which/that。此外,一些考生也許一看到后面的“or not”容易誤填if。根據(jù)語意可知,idea后面接一個同位語從句,該從句是
對idea的解釋說明,且由后面的“or not”可知應(yīng)用whether。if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
[答案] whether [心得體會]
易錯題二:漏用關(guān)系詞
[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[錯解] that;what [錯因分析] 許多同學(xué)一看便判斷出understood后為賓語從句,第一空誤填that;第二個空認為said后缺賓語,填what。
[答案] what;what [心得體會]
易錯題三:名詞性從句中用it作形式主語或賓語
[例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to
protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[錯解] What [錯因分析] 考生誤認為此空引導(dǎo)主語從句,缺少主語,誤填What。[答案] It [心得體會]
第二篇:2017高考英語——名詞性從句
2017年高考題
【2017·北京】23.Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 【答案】B 代詞,根據(jù)意思可知是人獲獎,故排除AD,因為需要做主語,只能用主格代詞who,故選B??键c:考查連詞?!久麕燑c睛】
主語從句 Subject Clauses(在主語的位置上)1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑問詞wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that? Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.? It is known to us that he is a famous singer.? It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本題中,whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句,同時作do的賓語。2.wh和ever 連用的詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別
? 區(qū)分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑問的意思;wh-ever有肯定強調(diào)的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like.? wh-ever 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不能用no matter wh-來替換,但在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時可以替換 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he??
【2017·北京】26.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.A.why B.where C.how D.when 【答案】B 試題分析:A.why 為什么 B.where 在哪 C.how 如何 D.when什么時候。句意:Jane漫無目的地走在兩旁栽樹的街道上,不知道她將去往何方,根據(jù)語境可知此處是表地點的,很容易就可選出答案B??键c:考查連詞。
【2017·江蘇】26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.A.that 【答案】C 【解析】
B.which
C.what
D.how
【名師點睛】
這里容易誤判為定語從句的“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu),需要注意的是,half of后面的價格是以前的價格。如果是定語從句,那么half of后面的價格則是$20的一半,即$10,再結(jié)合“down to”可知,原來的價格
高于$20,因此不是定語從句。
介詞of后跟賓語,因此這里是賓語從句,通過分析句子成分可知,賓語從句缺少賓語,因此用what引導(dǎo)。
賓語從句
1.動詞后的賓語從句 1)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
后常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動詞有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等
2)wh-,if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
后常接wh-,if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的動詞有advise,ask,discuss,doubt,find out,imagine,inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder,出scover等。3)“動詞十間接賓語+賓語從句”
常使用此類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn,assure等。
4)“動詞+it十形容詞/名詞+that從句”
常見的后接it作形式賓語的動詞有find,feel,think,believe,make,consider等。5)it作形式賓語的特殊句型
常見的有:see to it that...;hate it that...;owe it to sb.that...;take it for granted that.2.形容詞后賓語從句
后常接賓語從句的形容詞有:anxious,aware,certain,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced,confident等。
3.介詞后賓語從句
后常接賓語從句的介詞有on,about,in,but,except等。4.賓語從句需要注意的問題
1)當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或者一般將來時時,賓語從句可根據(jù)句子意思選擇用所需要的時態(tài)。2)當主句是一般過去時時,賓語從句必須用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。
3)但是當賓語從句表達的是普遍真理或客觀規(guī)律時,賓語從句時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時。4)當主句謂語是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等,賓語從句的意義是否定時,not要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中;但當從句有否定意義的never,.seldom,hardly,scarcely等詞時,否定詞不轉(zhuǎn)移。5)主句中謂語是think,believe,suppose,ex》ect,imagine,guess等,同時,wh-連詞引導(dǎo)的表示疑問的賓語從句,應(yīng)將連詞wh-置于主句前面,主句若是疑問語序,從句語序不變。例 如:When do you think he will come back? Do you think when he will come back?(錯句)
6)當主句動詞是wish時,從句的時態(tài)要用虛擬語氣;當主句的動詞是suggest,demand,require等詞時,從句要用可省略should的虛擬語氣。
7)if??纱鎤hether,但是當從句作介詞賓語時,只能用whether。
8)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that常可省略,但是當兩個that從句由and或or連接時,第二個從句的that不能省略??键c:賓語從句
【2017·天津】4.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.A.when B.where C.whether D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:句意:他問我是否已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館了,我承認。我還沒有還。A.什么時候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根據(jù)句意,故選C 考點:考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】本題是對賓語從句中連詞的考查。對于賓語從句的連詞的確定,首先確定連詞的詞義,然后根據(jù)句意判斷出正確的連詞,本句的句意很明顯,確定為是否。
2016年高考題
1.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:題目考查主語從句。helps是謂語,“________ you can do”是主語部分,即主語從句,在主語從句中,do后缺少賓語,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引導(dǎo),故選C??键c:考查主語從句 【名師點睛】
主語從句 Subject Clauses(在主語的位置上)1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑問詞wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that? Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.? It is known to us that he is a famous singer.? It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本題中,whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句,同時作do的賓語。2.wh和ever 連用的詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever ? 區(qū)分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑問的意思;wh-ever有肯定強調(diào)的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like.? wh-ever 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時不能用no matter wh-來替換,但在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時可以替換 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he??
2.【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 B.that
C.whether
D.why
考點:考查表語從句 【名師點睛】
表語從句 Predictive Clauses(在be動詞 后)
1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑問詞。The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task.? This/That/It is because ?
I think it is because you are doing too much.? The reason why?is that?
The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2.只能用whether 的情況
* 在表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句中 * 在介詞后的賓語從句中 It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.* 從句中有or not時
He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.3.【2016·江蘇】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why 【答案】D 【解析】 B.what
C.as
D.that
【名師點睛】
that 引導(dǎo)主語從句:由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句,在大多數(shù)情況下被放到句子的后面,用it 作形式主語來代替它的位置。常見的以it作形式主語的主語從句的句型有三種。1.It + be + 形容詞+that從句
適用于這種句型的常見形容詞有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising etc。
1)It’s clear that they badly need help。很明顯,他們急需援助。
2)It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last.最終我們能完成這項工程是有可能的。
表語為 necessary,clear,true,strange, important, wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容詞時,謂語動詞的形式一般為“should + 動詞原形”
3)It is necessary that you(should)master the computer.你很有必要掌握電腦。
4)It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪,他竟然自殺了 2.It +be +名詞詞組+ that從句
常用于這種句型的名詞詞組有:a fact,a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news etc.1)It’s a pity that you missed the film.你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。
2)―Tom has a bad cold.湯姆患了重感冒。
―It is no wonder that he looks pale.――難怪他看起來臉色蒼白。
3)It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen.他竟然偷鋼筆,真是太丟臉了。shame 所用的句中要用虛擬語氣。3.It + be+ 過去分詞+ that從句
常有的過去分詞有:said,reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
1)It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.眾所周知,地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
2)It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.據(jù)報道這兩個國家就貿(mào)易問題達成協(xié)議。
過去分詞表示:建議,命令,愿望如suggested,ordered,requested等詞時,從句需用虛擬語氣。動 詞形式為:should + 原型。
1)It is requested that Mr.Wang(should)give a performance.有人請求王先生表演一個節(jié)目。
2)It is suggested that we should discuss the problem.有人建議我們應(yīng)該討論一下這個問題??键c:考查主語從句
4.【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:句意:經(jīng)理提出一個建議,我們應(yīng)該有個助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位語從句說明suggestion 的內(nèi)容,而且同位語從句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引導(dǎo),that不作成分,只是起著連接的作用。故選 B。
考點:考查同位語從句。
【名師點睛】解答這類題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu),知道引導(dǎo)詞的使用習慣。通過判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分,來選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。連接同位語從句的連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問詞(what how where when...)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的同位語從句,if和whether,whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問句的同位語從句。判斷是否是同位語從句,還可以用同位詞+is+同位語從句,如果可以講的通,一般就是同位語從句,例如這題中,可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.2015年高考題
1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that
C.where
D.who
【考點定位】考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】判斷是什么句子最關(guān)鍵,這個句子是由know引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,賓語從句的連接詞有連接代詞和連接副詞。因為從句部分缺少狀語成分,答案就出來了。正確解答該題需要理解句意以及注意上下文(you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.)的表達。2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A.that 【答案】A 【解析】 B.where
C.what
D.why
【考點定位】考查名詞性從句。
【名師點睛】名詞性從句分多種,賓語從句在考試中也是很常見的,要注意賓語是句子的一個重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當賓語時,這個句子就稱之為賓語從句。一般情況下,賓語從句可作謂語 的賓語,也可做主語的賓語。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來判斷出是何種名詞性從句。
3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.A.what 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但這并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟從句作表語,表語從句中的for后缺少賓語,用what引導(dǎo),what與for連用,表示目的。故選A?!究键c定位】考查名詞性從句
【名師點睛】本題考查表語從句。表語從句是名詞性從句的一種,名詞性從句還包括主語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句??梢愿鶕?jù)從句在句子中充當?shù)某煞謥砼袛嗝~性從句的類型。isn’t后跟一個從句作表語,what在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或表語;why和when作狀語。介詞for后缺少賓語,因此用what。4.【2015·浙江】6.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A.what
B.who
C.that D.whoever B.whom
C.why
D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,請確定查看水面下有什么?通常總有一些石頭或樹枝藏在水里。此處的what指代的是樹枝或石頭,B選項和D選項用于指人,that 只有語法意義。句式上,該句用了(If 從句,祈使句)的句式,非謂語to investigate 后接一個賓語從句的表達。分析賓語從句的成分可以發(fā)現(xiàn),空格所做的成分是主語。根據(jù)下一句的表述中的樹枝和石頭,可以得出答案是what.【考點定位】考查賓語從句的連接詞
【名師點睛】判斷是什么句子最關(guān)鍵,這個句子是由investigate引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,因為從句部分is 前面缺少成分,答案就出來了。正確解答該題需要理解句意以及注意上下文(Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.)的表達。
5.【2015·重慶】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A.when B.how 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:我們必須弄明白什么時候來,因此我們能給他預(yù)定房間。Find out 后面跟著賓語從句。
C.where D.why 根據(jù)句意選when?!究键c定位】考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】 賓語從句連接詞的考查,賓語從句一共分為三類,一由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;二是由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,who,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句充當某個成分。三由if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。首先要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來確實是哪一類,再根據(jù)具體的信息來確實用哪一個,是否符合當時的語境。
6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which 【答案】B 【解析】
【考點定位】考查賓語從句
【名師點睛】本題考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。通常情況下,賓語從句如果是由陳述句變來時用that引導(dǎo);如果由一般疑問句變來則用whether/if;而由特殊疑問句變來則用特殊疑問詞。通過四個選項,排除1、2兩種情況。而特殊疑問詞的選擇則要求對句子的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)容有著全盤的掌握。此句中,主語、賓語、定語并不缺少,故選項C、D是錯誤的,再根據(jù)句意,只有B最為恰當。
7.【2015·陜西】19.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A.what B.that C.why D.how 【答案】A 【解析】
【考點定位】考查賓語從句
【名師點睛】賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種,解答這類題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。確定這是什么從句,再通過判斷從句中缺少的內(nèi)容決定引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。通常如果名詞性從句缺少主語賓語和表語的時候用what連接。
8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A.where 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查賓語從句。句中I是主語,wonder是謂語,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句在整個句子中做賓語。連接副詞How是賓語從句中的方式狀語。句子是用表示方式的介詞by回答的,所以是針對方式題提問的,故用how。根據(jù)句意---我好奇瑪麗在這些年是怎么保持著身材的。--通過每天鍛煉。故選C 【考點定位】考查賓語從句
【名師點睛】賓語從句算是高考中一個比較簡單的考點,引導(dǎo)詞主要的選擇方法是看賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在主句中做什么成分,不同的引導(dǎo)詞表達的意思也不相同。通常賓語從句的前面會有一個及物動詞,及物動詞后面可以直接接上賓語,但是也要結(jié)合具體情況進行具體分析。
9.【2015·江蘇】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:句意:李白是中國一位偉大的詩人,他的出生地是眾所周知的,但有些人不愿接受這一事實。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位語,is前面是主語從句。比較選項只有where符合句意,where在從句中做地點狀語。故選C項?!究键c定位】名詞性從句
【名師點睛】此題由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入,句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得稍顯復(fù)雜,因此要求考生能夠排除結(jié)構(gòu)干擾,看清考點還是考查名詞性從句連接詞的選擇,然后根據(jù)“從句部分缺什么補什么的原則選則連接詞”這一根本原則,同時結(jié)合句意,迅速鎖定正確答案。
10.【2015·北京】35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 【答案】B 【解析】 B.how
C.why
D.If
【考點定位】主語從句。
【名師點睛】主語從句分多種,解題時要分析原題空中缺少的是何種狀語。這類題考生首先要利用主句與從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系判別,尤其是連詞在從句中的功能,由于引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞功能有所分別,較為容易抉擇,但有的連詞的形式一樣,但具有不同意思,這就需要考生仔細甄別,充分利用與之相關(guān)內(nèi)容或與其搭配相關(guān)詞語的意思。
2014年高考英語分項解析精編版
專題10名詞性從句
1.【2014·全國大綱卷】24.Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查主語從句的連接詞。句意:準確的說,土豆是什么時候被傳到歐洲的還不確定,但是可能在1565年左右。此處when引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作主語??键c:考查主語從句的連接詞。
【名師點睛】從句分多種,主語從句在考試中也是很常見的,要注意主語是句子的一個重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當主語時,這個句子就稱之為主語從句。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來判斷出是何種名詞性從句。從而來選出合適的連接詞。
2.【2014·重慶卷】12.---Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?---Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities.A.when B.why C.that D.how 【答案】B 【解析】
項。故本題選擇B項。why表示“原因”??键c:考查同位語從句的用法?!久麕燑c睛】 一般來說,在主從復(fù)合句中,用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它通常跟在某些名詞之后,用以說明或解釋該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容??梢愿徽Z從句的名詞通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。本題中的idea可以跟同位語從句的名詞,做好此類題先分析從句的成分,然后再選擇適當?shù)倪B接詞。
3.【2014·北京卷】Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever C.wherever 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:本題考查賓語從句,考查方式為連接詞。句意:有些人認為以前或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情將來還會重復(fù)發(fā)生。根據(jù)題干信息,“過去發(fā)生或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情,將來仍然會重復(fù)”,賓語從句中缺少主語,并且指的是事件,所以選用A??键c:考查賓語從句的用法
【名師點睛】名詞性從句分多種,賓語從句在考試中也是很常見的,要注意賓語是句子的一個重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當賓語時,這個句子就稱之為賓語從句。一般情況下,賓語從句可作謂語 的賓語,也可做主語的賓語。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來判斷出是何種名詞性從句。
4.【2014·北京卷】30.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A.where C.how 【答案】B 【解析】
B.when B.whenever.D.however
D.why
考點:考查表語從句的連接詞
【名師點睛】本題考查表語從句的用法,表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。表語從句是名詞性從句的一種。表語從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+ 連系動詞+ 關(guān)聯(lián)詞+ 表語從句”。做此類題時應(yīng)該分析句子成分,指出主語謂語,看缺少何種成分。
5.【2014·天津卷】14.I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:考查主語從句。句意:我認為關(guān)于他的畫給我印象最深的是他使用的顏色。在主語從句中what做主語,指代物;that 只起連接作用,不做句子成分;which哪一個;who做主語,指代人;本從句中缺少主語,根據(jù)語境可知,物做主語。所以選A??键c:考查主語從句。
【名師點睛】本題考查學(xué)生對主語從句的掌握情況。主語從句是在句子中擔當主語的是一個從句,這個從句就叫做主語從句。主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語。所以做此類題時看題中是否缺少成分,在選擇連接詞。
6.【2014·山東卷】7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:imagine后需要一個賓語,“l(fā)ife was like?”做imagine的賓語需要一個不做句子成分的引導(dǎo)詞,同時這個句子中l(wèi)ike缺少賓語,所以空格處缺少一個兼詞what。句意為:很難想象古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。故答案選B??键c:考查賓語從句的用法。
【名師點睛】本題考查學(xué)生對賓語從句的掌握情況,賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.What, whatever,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,且在名詞性從句中作主語,賓語,表語,做題時看句子中是否缺少成分。然后判斷出答案。7.【2014·江西卷】28.Among the many dangers_--sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
考點:考查定語從句
【名師點睛】本題考查定語從句中which的用法,which所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等也就是說做題時要注意句子中是否缺少主語。賓語等成分,然后判斷關(guān)系代詞,學(xué)生要注意分析定語從句在不同情況下的應(yīng)用,才能面對更多的題型。
8.【2014·四川卷】2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.” A.when
B.how
C.why
D.where 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析: A何時;B誰;C為什么;D哪兒。系動詞is后是表語從句,四個選項均為連接副詞,故判斷缺少狀語,根據(jù)題干中給出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”說的是出生的地點,故答案選D。句意:奶奶指著醫(yī)院說,“那就是我出生的地方?!?考點:考查表語從句的用法。
【名師點睛】本題考查表語從句的用法,表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。表語從句是名詞性從句的一種。表語從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+ 連系動詞+ 關(guān)聯(lián)詞+ 表語從句”。做此類題時應(yīng)該分析句子成分,指出主語謂語,看缺少何種成分。
9.【2014·福建卷】34.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing you're afraid to do.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
【知識拓展】
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問詞(what,how,where,when...)。
考點:考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】本題考查學(xué)生對賓語從句的掌握情況,賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.What引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,且在名詞性從句中作主語,賓語,表語,做題時看句子中是否缺少成分。學(xué)生必須仔細斟酌句子成分,然后再作判斷。
10.【2014·江蘇卷】26.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum.I am ________ you have made me.A.how 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句用法。本題考查的是表語從句,注意動詞make后接雙賓語,即make sb.sth.故用關(guān)系詞what來引導(dǎo)。句意:——怎么這么亂??!你總是這么懶!——我不應(yīng)該受到責備,媽媽。我是你使得我這樣的。故B正確??键c:考名詞性從句用法
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對名詞性從句的掌握情況,做名詞性從句的題時,先劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu),找出從句是什么,然后看主句完整不完整,如果主句不完整,就是主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句三者之一;如果主句完整,就是同位語從句。這里就是一個表語從句,從句子成分中分析出正確答案。
11.【2014·陜西卷】15.________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A.Why 【答案】B 【解析】試題分析:考查主語從句。句意:被延誤的航班何時起飛依天氣而定。題干中主句的謂語動詞為depends,為此前面是主語從句。Why在主語從句中做原因狀語;when在主語從句中作時間狀語;that在主語從句中不做任何成分;what在主語從句中作主語或賓語。根據(jù)語境判斷主語從句中缺少時間狀語,故選B.When
C.That
D.What B.what
C.that
D.who B。
考點:考查主語從句
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對主語從句,主語從句是在句子中擔當主語的是一個從句,這個從句就叫做主語從句。主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。本題 when在主語從句中作時間狀語,所以做此類題時看題中是否缺少成分,再選擇連接詞。
12.【2014·湖南卷】24.As John Lennon once said,life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A.which 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that C.what
D.where
考點:考查名詞性從句用法
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對名詞性從句的掌握情況,定語從句作用相當于形容詞,修飾主句中的一個名詞或代詞或整個句子,同位語從句是對前面的名詞做進一步解釋,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容的句子。本題中說的那個 “句子中賓語或主語用一個句子來代替就是該種從句”用一個句子來代替賓語或主語,那就屬于主語從句或賓語性從句了。所以做題時仔細分析題干,才能更好地做好題。
13.【2014·浙江卷】8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me.A.what
B.how
C.that
D.whether 【答案】A 【解析】
【知識拓展】這四個詞在引導(dǎo)表語從句的區(qū)別:what引導(dǎo)的表語從句,它在從句中作主語或賓語;how引導(dǎo)的表語從句,它在從句中作狀語;that引導(dǎo)的表語從句,它在從句不做成分,沒有詞義;whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句,它在從句中作主語或賓語不做成分,但是有“是否”的含義??键c:考查表語從句。
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對表語從句的掌握情況,表語從句放在連系動詞之后,充當復(fù)合句中的表語。
表語從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句構(gòu)成。表語從句就是一個句子在整個句子中處于表語的位置,通常情況下放在系動詞之后。英語中的系動詞不多,放在系動詞后面的句子、單詞、詞組通常作的是表語。最常見的系動詞是be動詞。所以做題時仔細分析題干,才能更好地做好題。
2013年高考英語試題分類匯編之單項填空
專題10—名詞性從句
1.【2013浙江】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.how B.that C.which D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。此處是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,指代belief的具體內(nèi)容,同時從句中不缺少成分,所以用that引導(dǎo),這里選B項。
【名師點睛】同位語從句和定語從句不一樣,同位語從句是對同位詞內(nèi)容的說明不是修飾,同位語從句的that不能省略。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中做成分,做賓語的時候可以省略。注意二者的區(qū)別。2.________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。此處you said 需要賓語。describes a bright future for the company需要主語,只有what能滿足要求。句意:你會上所說的話是對公司發(fā)展前景的一個很好的描述。
【名師點睛】考查名詞性從句的連接詞要學(xué)會分析句子成分。如果主語從句缺少主賓表,用what連接主語從句,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導(dǎo)主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用。3.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.A.that B.which C.what D.Whether 【答案】D 【解析】 試題分析:考查名詞性從句。題干中it作形式主語,所填詞引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分,但其意思是:是否,用whether引導(dǎo),故選D。句意:新成立的委員會的政策是否能夠付諸實施還有待觀察。
【名師點睛】主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。根據(jù)句意可知需要whether,而且It remains to be seen whether可以當成固定句型記憶。
4.________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.A.That B.It C.What D.Which 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。________ struck me most 是主語從句,在這個從句中缺主語,因此用what引導(dǎo)。
【名師點睛】看到名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看從句的成分。如果從句缺少主賓表,用what連接,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導(dǎo)主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用,學(xué)生要會分析句子成分。
5.Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A.which 【答案】D 【解析】 B.where
C.how
D.what 的數(shù)量,故選D。句意:警察已經(jīng)找到了好像是失蹤的古代雕像的東西。
【名師點睛】看到名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看看從句的成分。根據(jù)found可知后面是賓語從句。賓語從句缺少主語,用what連接,如果不缺成分,用that連接,只起到連接的作用,不做成分。
6.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.A.how B.that
C.which
D.where 【答案】A 【解析】
【名師點睛】解答名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看看從句的成分。根據(jù)tell可知后面是賓語從句。賓語從句中形容詞close前面缺少修飾語。用how對它進行修飾。
7.It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.A.what B.whose C.which D.that 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。句中的it是形式主語,________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主語,用引導(dǎo)詞that。句意:非常高興知道,我們不在的時候這些狗會被照顧得很好?!久麕燑c睛】主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答這類題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。引導(dǎo)主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用。
8.________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.That B.Which C.Whether D.What 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句中主語從句連接詞的用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)知,此句的謂語是is,其前是主語從句,從句中謂語動詞want后缺賓語,故用what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。句意:我想告訴你的是我對我父母的深深的愛和尊敬。
【名師點睛】如果主語從句缺少主賓表,用what連接主語從句,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導(dǎo)主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用,學(xué)生要會分析句子成分。表語從句也是這樣。9.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.A.why B.how C.because D.whether 【答案】C 【解析】 試題分析:考查表語從句。語境中“地球表面約71%被水覆蓋”和“從太空上看,地球是藍色的”之間是因果關(guān)系,故用because引導(dǎo)表語從句。
【名師點睛】連接表語從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等。還有如because, as if, as though等。解答這類題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。通過判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。10.________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句的連接詞。is之前為主語從句,該從句缺主語,指的是事物,所以選B?!久麕燑c睛】主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答這類題目,關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。通過判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。連接主語從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問詞(what how where when...)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的主語從句,if和whether,whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”,引導(dǎo)一般疑問句。連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述。連接副詞主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.11.Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句的連接詞。believe后的賓語從句陳述的是一個事實,并且從句中不缺成分,所以只需填入關(guān)系詞that即可。
【名師點睛】賓語從句屬于名詞性從句一種,賓語從句中的連接詞that, whether, if在句中不充當任何成分,只起連接作用;連接代詞who(ever), which(ever), whom(ever),whose(ever),what(ever)在句中做主語,賓語,表語和定語;連接副詞when, why, where, how,在句中做狀語。應(yīng)從上下句的句法關(guān)系著手分析,同時注意賓語從句的語序問題。
第三篇:名詞性從句一輪復(fù)習教學(xué)設(shè)計
一輪復(fù)習名詞性從句教學(xué)設(shè)計
肇州縣第二中學(xué) 李雪松
學(xué)情分析:
教學(xué)對象為高中三年級學(xué)生。經(jīng)過兩年的磨合師生配合完美,學(xué)生完全適應(yīng)教師的教學(xué)方法。不過,所教授學(xué)生的英語水平參差不齊,因此在教學(xué)過程中,布置的任務(wù)要兼顧各個層次的學(xué)生,使他們都有所收獲。根據(jù)這些特點緊密結(jié)合高考重點,主要采用啟發(fā)誘導(dǎo)的方法,從易到難,從整體到細節(jié)地精心設(shè)計教學(xué)活動,給學(xué)生展示自我,表現(xiàn)自我的機會,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習興趣,讓學(xué)生體驗成功。設(shè)計理念:
這是名詞性從句語法課的第一次系統(tǒng)的復(fù)習,盡管之前在課本中已經(jīng)讓學(xué)生對名詞性從句有了很多的理解,我這次要做的是把枯燥的語法知識與現(xiàn)實熱門話題聯(lián)系在一起,起到寓教于樂的作用的同時讓學(xué)生理解語法是可以很生動的。學(xué)習目標:
1.知識與技能:學(xué)生們能夠認識什么是名詞性從句,了解它的位置及句型結(jié)構(gòu),并能掌握運用名詞性從句。
2.過程與方法:從簡單句與名詞性從句的對比引入該主題;由引導(dǎo)詞逐漸增加的順序由淺入深,激發(fā)興趣并一直有新的收獲,通過一些簡單的名詞性從句讓學(xué)生們自己找規(guī)律,總結(jié)出句型特點及用法。最后,通過各種不同題型的訓(xùn)練熟練掌握該句型。
3.情感與價值觀:首先通過熱門話題《running man》提升學(xué)生興趣,用一些積極向上的例句激發(fā)學(xué)生情感;因為授課時恰逢感恩節(jié),最后讓學(xué)生用所學(xué)的名詞性從句寫出關(guān)于感恩的短文。重點
如何區(qū)別名詞性從句
如何區(qū)別定語從句和同位語從句 難點
運用名詞性從句相關(guān)知識進行解題 教學(xué)過程
Step1.通過四句話由學(xué)生討論什么叫“名詞性從句” 1.His job is important.What he does is important.2.This is his job.This is what he does every day.3.I don’t like his job.I don’t like what he does every day.4.I don’t know about the man, Mr.White.I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.Step2.名詞性從句的分類
I.主語從句:句子的主語部分由一句話構(gòu)成 You missed Running Man is a pity.(×)That you missed Running Man is a pity.It is a pity that you missed Running Man.學(xué)生總結(jié)that用法
Did he lie?
他是否說謊了還不清楚。Did he lie is not clear.(×)
Whether did he lie is not clear.(×)Wheher he lied is not clear.It is not clear whether he lied.學(xué)生總結(jié)whether用法
When did he leave?
他什么時候離開的還沒有人知道。When did he leave remains unknown.(×)When he left remains unknown.It remains unknown when he left.學(xué)生總結(jié)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法,并用不同連接詞造句。
Practice time:
_____ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.Whoever comes is welcome.Who is on duty today is unknown.II.表語從句:
The pity is that you missed Running Man.My concern is whether he lied.The point is when he left.學(xué)生總結(jié):句子充當表語,規(guī)則同主語從句 其他連接詞:11詞+as if/though, because
This/ That/ It is because...look/ seem/ sound as if...It looks as if it is going to rain.That is because he was late.Practice time:
___ makes mother surprised is ___ Jack was fooled by such a simple trick.III.同位語從句:用一句話跟在一個名詞后面,對其進行解釋說明。如在: fact, news, belief, truth, idea?等詞后 ?把單句連成同位語從句
We all know the fact.John broke the cup.? I have a doubt.Will he help us? ? I have no idea.What are you talking about? Practice time:
The suggestion ______he raised at the meeting is very good.The suggestion ____ the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.定語從句:一句話跟在名詞或代詞后面,對名詞進行修飾限定。1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.學(xué)生總結(jié)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 IV賓語從句:
?1.陳述句用that引導(dǎo),第一個that可省略
I know(that)you have passd the exam and that you are going to celebrate.2.一般疑問句用whether和if引導(dǎo) I wonder whether/ if he needs my help.只用whether
介詞后的賓語從句
We are talking about whether we can have a holiday.whether or not句式
I don't know whether we should go abroad or not.?3.疑問句做賓語從句 I don't know how far I can run without stopping.考點1.賓語從句后置,it作形式賓語(后有補語)I think that we can get there before two o'clock impossible.I think it impossible that...考點2.否定前移
I think you are not right.→I don't think...考點3.時態(tài):主過從過 Practice time: correction He asked whether his father will come back.He said that he has seen it.The teacher said that the earth travels aroud the sun.Exercises 1._____made the school proud was ____more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.2._____she could not understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.3.He is absent from school.It is _______ he is seriously ill.4.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.5.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.6.Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.7.Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.8.Never stop doing _________ you are fond of.9.–Many online games are full of violence, which do harm to the development of the children.--And that’s _______ my concern lies.10.The children are talking about ______should be the leader of the group.判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句
1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.2.The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.4.I can't stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.Extend: What we always forget is that happiness doesn't come as a result of getting what we don't have, but appreciating what we do have.Remember the fact that to live gratefully is to touch the Heaven.Homework: 時近感恩節(jié),用名詞性從句寫一篇關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的短文。人們慶祝感恩節(jié)的原因是.....作為子女(作為學(xué)生、作為社會個體),我會做我能做的事情是......讓...感到...是非常重要的。我們相信世界上有一部分最幸福的人就是那些給別人帶來快樂的人。
反思:通過這節(jié)課的學(xué)習,學(xué)生初步掌握了名詞性從句的概念,知道不同從句的區(qū)分;能夠分辨在使用名詞性從句時候的一些區(qū)別。最值得高興的是:這些概念和區(qū)別是他們自己通過老師的展示和與同學(xué)的討論自己總結(jié)出來的。
本節(jié)課的不足之處在于:在本課的小組活動,合作探究重點和難點這一環(huán)節(jié)中,可以適當多給學(xué)生們一些時間,這樣他們的討論會更深入些;還有就是由于時間的關(guān)系,最后的部分略顯匆忙,而且沒有一直讓學(xué)生在講完一個從句就造句的設(shè)想。
第四篇:高考英語一輪復(fù)習冠詞教學(xué)案
第一部分 語法知識及運用
專題1 冠詞 考綱展示 命題探究
考點一 冠詞的基本用法
基礎(chǔ)點 不定冠詞的基本用法
(1)不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式,常位于名詞或名詞的修飾語前。當緊跟不定冠詞的單詞的第一個音素為輔音音素(注意:不是輔音字母)時,用a;而當緊跟不定冠詞的單詞的第..........一個音素為元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)時,用an。..........a(chǎn) university student 一個大學(xué)生 a European writer 一位歐洲作家 an honest boy 一個誠實的男孩 an ugly man 一個丑陋的人
(2)泛指某個或某類人或物,或者未提到的,對方不熟悉的人或物。I was born in a small village in Hebei Province.我出生在河北的一個小村莊。
(3)用在第一次提到的人或物的名詞前,表泛指。
At that time, I was working in a factory.The factory produces car parts.那時,我在一家工廠工作。那家工廠生產(chǎn)各種汽車部件。(4)表示“一”“每一”“同一”或“某一”概念。I will return in a day or two.(=one)我將在一兩天后返回。
The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.(=per)這種車每小時能行駛200公里。They are of an age.(=the same)他們年齡相同。
A Mr Smith is waiting for you.(=a certain)一個叫史密斯的先生在等你。2 定冠詞的基本用法
(1)用于上文已經(jīng)提到過的,或從語境中可判斷出談話雙方都知道的人或物前。
He bought a house.I've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。Take the medicine.把藥吃了。
(2)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或形容詞及分詞前,表“一類人或物”。Who invented the_telephone? 誰發(fā)明了電話?
After the explosion, people rushed to help the_injured.爆炸發(fā)生后,人們趕到現(xiàn)場幫助受傷的人。
(3)用于序數(shù)詞、形容詞/副詞最高級以及形容詞only, very, same等前面。Is this the_first_time you have visited Beijing? 這是你第一次游覽北京嗎?
He runs the_fastest in his class.他是他班跑得最快的。
That's the_very_thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。
特別提醒
(1)副詞的最高級前the可有可無。He runs(the)fastest in his school.他是全校中跑得最快的。
(2)序數(shù)詞前面也可用不定冠詞,但意義與用定冠詞不同。I have failed twice, but I'll try a third time.我失敗兩次了,但我還要再試一次。(強調(diào)再一次)March is the third month of a year.三月是一年的第三個月。(強調(diào)次序)(4)用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示“一家人”或“夫婦倆”。The_Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.史密斯夫婦住在我們樓上的公寓里。
(5)用于宇宙中獨一無二的事物、西洋樂器名詞和方位名詞前。the moon月亮
play the piano 彈鋼琴 the west 西部
(6)用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前,或用于整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前,表示某個年代。the Ming Dynasty 明朝
in the 1990s或1990's 在20世紀90年代
特別提醒
表示“某人……歲”時,則用“in+one's+整十的數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”。in his fifties 在他50多歲時
(7)用在表度量單位的名詞前,表示“按……計算”。
by the hour 按小時 by the day 按天
特別提醒
如size, weight, time這類名詞與by連用時不用冠詞。by size 按大小 by weight 按重量
(8)用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位”中。hit sb.on the head 打某人的頭 take sb.by the arm 抓某人的胳膊 3 零冠詞的基本用法
(1)用于不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或?qū)S忻~前表示泛指,用零冠詞。Man needs air_and_water.人類需要空氣和水。They are teachers.他們是老師。Beijing 北京
特別提醒
高考中常見的純不可數(shù)名詞,它們是:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word(=news), progress, information, luck, wealth(財產(chǎn))等。以上不可數(shù)名詞永遠不能與不定冠詞連用。
(2)用于表示無特指意義的季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名詞,及球類、棋類和學(xué)科名詞前。
in spring 在春天 on Sunday 在周日 have breakfast 吃早餐 play football 踢足球 play chess 下棋
I'm very interested in English.我對英語很感興趣。
(3)名詞前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、限定詞以及名詞所有格等限定時不再用冠詞。
She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那類女人。
His heart was beating wildly with fear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。
(4)表示獨一無二的頭銜和職位名詞作表語、補足語或同位語時。Mr Smith was elected president of our school.史密斯先生被選為我校校長。
重難點 不定冠詞的特殊位置
(1)如果名詞前用了many, such等具有限定意義的詞和表示感嘆的what等詞,a(an)必須放在這些詞后面,語序為:many/such/what a(an)...I have never seen such_an interesting film.我從來沒看過這么有趣的電影。What_a clever boy he is!他是個多么聰明的男孩?。?/p>
(2)副詞quite和rather同形容詞連用修飾名詞時,quite要置于不定冠詞a/an之前,rather可置于不定冠詞a/an之前,也可置于其后。
It's quite_a small house.這是一所相當小的房子。
That's rather_a/a_rather sudden change.那一變化相當突然。
(3)當單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前的形容詞有so, too, as, how等副詞修飾時,a(an)必須放在形容詞之后,詞序為:so/too/as/how/...+形容詞+a(an)...She is so_good_a_girl that all the people like her.她是如此好的女孩,所有人都喜歡她。2 定冠詞的特殊位置
在名詞詞組中,定冠詞一般放在最前面,但名詞詞組中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both等修飾語,定冠詞要放在這些詞后面。
exactly_the same color 完全相同的顏色 just_the right place 就是這個地方 half_the story 故事的一半 double_the amount 雙倍的量 3 零冠詞的特殊用法
(1)turn(變成)后的單數(shù)名詞作表語不用冠詞。但名詞前若有形容詞作定語時,則必須加冠詞。
His brother has turned_writer.他弟弟已成為一名作家。
Later she turned_a_successful_singer.后來她成了一名成功的歌手。
(2)在“表示類型的名詞+of...”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中of后的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前不用冠詞。This_kind_of_question often appears in the exam.此類問題在考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
(3)“零冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as/though+主語+謂語+主句”意為“盡管/雖然……但是……”。
Hero_as_he_is,_he has some shortcomings.盡管他是個英雄,但是他也有一些缺點。
(4)用在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一形式中。
The teacher came in, book_in_hand(=with a book in his hand). 老師手里拿著一本書走了進來。
(5)與by連用的表示交通工具和通訊工具的名詞之前不用冠詞。It's quicker by_air than by_sea.乘飛機比乘船快。
[考法綜述] 冠詞的基本用法,尤其是冠詞的泛指和特指在語篇型語法填空和短文改錯中常會涉及,近五年就考查了48次之多,由此可見其重要性。
命題法1 考查冠詞的泛指和特指
典例1 I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.[答案] the;a 句意:我不能告訴你去威爾遜家的路,因為我們村里沒有一個叫威爾遜的人。第一空特指去威爾遜家的路,故填the;第二空為泛指“一個叫威爾遜的人”,故填a。
典例2 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.________________________________________________________ [答案] average前的a改為an average以元音音素/?/開頭,故用an。
【解題法】 冠詞表泛指和特指時的必備知識和一般解題思路
(1)首先要了解冠詞的泛指和特指:不定冠詞用在首次提到的或不限定的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表泛指;定冠詞用在上文提到的人或物前,或是被限制性修飾語加以限定的人或物前,也可指雙方所默認的特定的人或物的名詞前表特指。
(2)在語法填空中,考查冠詞時是不給提示詞的,因而可先從形式上去判斷,然后觀察空格后部分的中心詞是否是名詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語,因為冠詞唯一的作用就是用來修飾名詞的。
(3)在短文改錯中,當名詞前有不定冠詞時,要格外注意使用a還是an,以其后所跟單詞的開頭音素而不是其開頭字母為依據(jù)。因此在平時學(xué)習中,務(wù)必要注意掌握單詞的發(fā)音。
命題法2 考查冠詞與一些特定詞的基本用法
典例3 The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.[答案] the 句意:由美國西南部的普韋布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(當今世界上)最前衛(wèi)的建筑師和工程師的青睞。根據(jù)句意和空后的最高級標志詞most可知此處表示“最……的”,故填the。
典例4 Tomorrow is first day of school.________________________________________________________ [答案] first前加the 序數(shù)詞通常和定冠詞the搭配。
【解題法】 冠詞與特定詞搭配時的必備知識和一般解題思路
(1)通常情況下,形容詞比較級前不用冠詞;形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞及表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前用定冠詞the。
(2)在語法填空中,考查冠詞時是不給提示詞的,因而可以從形式上判斷,然后觀察空格后部分是否是形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞。
(3)在短文改錯中,??疾楣谠~的錯用和漏用,形容詞比較級前常不用冠詞;形容詞最高級,序數(shù)詞及表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前常用定冠詞the。
A.單句填空
1.I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.答案 the;a [句意:我剛聽說Dora工作的銀行被一個戴著面罩的持槍歹徒搶了。第一空,句中where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾bank,由此可知這里特指Dora工作的銀行,故用定冠詞;第二空,泛指“一個持槍歹徒”,因此用不定冠詞。] 2.He owned ________ farm, which looked almost abandoned.答案 a [句意:他擁有一家看起來幾乎荒蕪的農(nóng)場。farm在句中是第一次出現(xiàn),而且表示泛指,所以用不定冠詞。] 3.________village where I was born has grown into________ town.答案 The;a [句意:我出生的那個村莊已經(jīng)變成一個城鎮(zhèn)了。由village后的定語從句where I was born可知這里特指“我”出生的村莊,用定冠詞the;第二空后town為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表泛指,泛指一個城鎮(zhèn),故用不定冠詞a。] 4.The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ________week, often long into ________night.答案 a;the [句意:論文下個月要上交了。我現(xiàn)在每周工作七天,經(jīng)常工作到深夜。第一空表示“每一”,故用不定冠詞a;第二空是固定搭配long into the night,意為“直到深夜”,故用定冠詞the。] 5.They chose Tom to be ________captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.答案 the;a [句意:他們選擇湯姆為這個隊的隊長,因為他們知道他是一個聰明的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。第一空后的名詞captain是特指,特指這個隊的隊長,故用定冠詞the;第二空后的名詞leader表示泛指,故用不定冠詞a。] 6.We can become ________ smart shopper by choosing for value, not for looks;in other words, choose good quality goods with plain packages.答案 a [句意:如果我們買東西是為了價值而不是為了包裝,那么我們就能成為一個明智的消費者;也就是說,應(yīng)選擇普通包裝的質(zhì)量好的產(chǎn)品。shopper為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,此處泛指“一個明智的消費者”,故填不定冠詞a。] 7.________ news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.答案 The [句意:市長來我們學(xué)校參觀的新聞昨天通過收音機發(fā)布了。名詞news后有介詞短語修飾,起限定作用,表特指,故填The。] 8.In Germany, ________ successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”,has been running with a great success.答案 a [句意:在德國,一個名為“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)祖父母”的項目已成功運行。project為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,此處意為“一個成功的項目”,表泛指,故填不定冠詞a。] 9.—Mom, why can't I have ________ new bike? —Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees.答案 a [句意:——媽媽,我為什么不能要一輛新自行車?——親愛的,你要知道,賺錢可不是件容易的事。bike為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,是首次提到,此處表泛指,故用不定冠詞a。] 10.________ wish always remains unrealistic that you can come first in the final exam when you make no efforts at all.答案 The [句意:你不付出任何努力而想在期末考試中得第一名的愿望是不現(xiàn)實的。wish后有that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句修飾,表特指,故填定冠詞The。] B.單句改錯
1.Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven.________________________________________________________ 答案 在Beethoven前加a [此處表示泛指“一個像貝多芬的人”。] 2.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on a top floor.________________________________________________________ 答案 把第二個a→the [floor前有top修飾,此處表示特指,故用the。] 3.Life is like a ocean;only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [ocean是以元音音素開頭的單詞,且此處表泛指,故用an。] 4.A best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.________________________________________________________ 答案 A→The [best為最高級,故用the。] 5.An exact year which Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.________________________________________________________ 答案 An→The [year后有定語修飾,表示特指,故用the。] 6.I think good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.________________________________________________________ 答案 good前加a [ habit意為“習慣”,是可數(shù)名詞,此處為泛指,故用不定冠詞a修飾。] 7.Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個a→an [ordinary是以元音音素開頭的形容詞,故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。]
8.Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→the [根據(jù)in years可知,此處表示“最嚴重的暴風雨”,形容詞最高級前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。] 9.Rock climbing is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take adventures at the same time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第一個the去掉 [nature意為“自然,自然界”時,其前不能加冠詞。] 10.Once you click the button, a e-mail will be sent to you via your e-mail address.________________________________________________________ 答案 a→an [e-mail是以元音音素開頭的名詞,故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。]
考點二 冠詞的習慣用語或固定搭配
基礎(chǔ)點 不定冠詞的習慣用語或固定搭配 as a result 因此
as a rule 通常,照例 in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 總之
at a loss 困惑,不知所措 for a while 暫時,一時 all of a sudden 突然 What a pity!真遺憾!
have a population of 有……人口 have a history of 有……的歷史 a collection of 一批…… a knowledge of(=know)知道
an understanding of(=understand)懂得 2 定冠詞的習慣用語或固定搭配 in the end 最后,終于
make the most/best of 充分利用 in the distance 在遠處 in the way 擋路 on the whole 總之
on the right/left 在右/左面 at the same time 同時
as a matter of fact 事實上 after a while 一會兒后 in a sense 在某種意義上 once in a while 偶爾 at a distance 離一段距離 once upon a time 從前 a waste of...……的浪費
at the moment 此刻
go to the doctor's 去看醫(yī)生 by the way 順便說,附帶地說說
the other day(=a few days ago)幾天前 on the radio/phone 通過無線電/電話 on the spot在場,到場;立即,馬上;當場 to tell(you)the truth 說實話,老實說 go to the cinema 去看電影
on(the)one hand..., on the other hand...一方面……,另一方面…… 3 零冠詞的習慣用法或固定搭配 under repair處于維修中 day and night 整天整夜 out of control 失控
in danger 處于危險之中 at present 目前 in peace平靜 on purpose 故意 ahead of time 提前 by law 根據(jù)法律
有無冠詞意義不同的習慣用語或搭配
??sit at table 坐在桌旁吃飯???sit at the table 坐在桌子旁??at school 在上學(xué)???at the school 在學(xué)校
lose heart 灰心 out of work 失業(yè) at risk 有危險 take part in 參加 by chance/accident 碰巧 on second thoughts 再一想 in advance 提前 by mistake 由于差錯 重難點
不一定在吃飯
不一定是上學(xué)
??in hospital 在住院??in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里???in prison 坐牢??in the prison 在監(jiān)獄里???by sea 乘船由海路??by the sea 在海邊???in front of 在??in the front of 在?
不一定是病人
不一定是罪犯
外部的前面
內(nèi)部的前面
??out of question 沒問題,毫無疑問??out of the question 不可能??in charge of 負責,掌管????in the charge of 在……的掌管之下
??in possession of 擁有??in the possession of 為……所擁有???go to church 去做禮拜??go to the church 去教堂???go to school 去上學(xué)??go to the school 去學(xué)校?
[考法綜述] 冠詞的習慣用語及固定搭配是高考語篇型語法填空及短文改錯的常考點,近五年考查了13次,是考查重點之一。
命題法 考查冠詞的習慣用語及固定搭配
典例1 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half ________ hour.[答案] an 句意:簡非常匆忙,因為到達機場的列車將在半小時之后開車。half an hour為習慣用法,意為“半小時”。
典例2 Since then—for all these years—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________________________________________________________ [答案] result前加a as a result為固定短語,意為“因此”,故在result前加a。
【解題法】 冠詞的習慣用語及固定搭配的必備知識和一般解題思路(1)首先要熟練掌握不定冠詞,定冠詞及零冠詞的習慣用語及固定搭配。
(2)在語法填空中,考查冠詞的習慣用語及固定搭配時,是不給提示詞的,因而可以根據(jù)語境來確定習慣用語及固定搭配的冠詞。
(3)在短文改錯中,考查冠詞的習慣用語及固定搭配,主要體現(xiàn)在考生因固定思維模式或漢語語言的影響而對冠詞的錯用、漏用和多用。
A.單句填空
1.Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in ________ countryside.答案 the [句意:現(xiàn)在我生活在一座城市,但是我想念農(nóng)村的家鄉(xiāng)。in the countryside為固定短語,意為“在鄉(xiāng)下,在農(nóng)村”。故填定冠詞the。] 2.________more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.答案 The;the [句意:一個人越博學(xué),他通常會變得越謙遜。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷,此句使用了“The+形容詞/副詞比較級…,the+形容詞/副詞比較級…”結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“越……,越……”。] 3.Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ________ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.答案 a;the [句意:多年來,簡的祖母一直想寫一本兒童讀物,但由于種種原因耽
擱下來了。第一空,book是可數(shù)名詞,此處表泛指,用不定冠詞a;第二空,in the way是固定詞組,意為“擋路,妨礙”。故填a;the。] 4.Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence.On ________ other hand, it could just put you in debt.答案 the [句意:自己創(chuàng)業(yè)可能是使你獲得經(jīng)濟獨立的一種方式。另一方面,它也可能讓你欠債。on the other hand為固定短語,意為“另一方面”,故填定冠詞the。] 5.We'll reach the sales targets in a month which we set at ________ beginning of the year.答案 the [句意:我們將在一個月內(nèi)實現(xiàn)我們年初制訂的銷售目標。at the beginning of為固定短語,意為“在……之初”,故填定冠詞the。] 6.I thought I'd better have ________ word with you about the task to be done.答案 a [句意:我想我最好跟你談一下關(guān)于這項要做的任務(wù)。have a word with sb.“和某人談一談”為固定搭配。] 7.With the development of society, our country is badly in need of those with ________ better command of computer skills.答案 a [句意:隨著社會的發(fā)展,我們國家非常需要那些可以進行電腦操作的人才。with a command of...為慣用搭配,意為“掌握……”,故填不定冠詞a。] 8.We slept in a tent and took ________ long walk every day.答案 a [句意:我們睡在帳篷里,每天步行很長的路。take a walk為固定搭配,意為“散步;走路”。] 9.The tour will provide ________ unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in ________ hope that you will better understand the life there.答案 a;the [句意:這次旅游會提供給你一個和英國家庭生活一周的獨特機會,希望你對那里的生活有一個更好的了解。“機會”強調(diào)的是一次,所以填不定冠詞a;in the hope that為固定用法,意為“懷著……的希望”。] 10.If you don't have ________ good knowledge of English, it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.答案 a [句意:如果你對英語的掌握不夠好,你就不可能靈活、流利地使用它。have a good knowledge of是固定短語,意為“精通;掌握”。] B.單句改錯
1.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.________________________________________________________ 答案 hurry前加a [in a hurry是固定短語,意為“匆忙”。] 2.The next morning Jason went to the office for his papers as an usual.________________________________________________________ 答案 把an去掉 [as usual為固定短語,意為“像通常一樣”。] 3.Now, years later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.________________________________________________________
答案 most前加the [根據(jù)one of知后面是形容詞的最高級,因此most前加定冠詞the。] 4.In the fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.________________________________________________________ 答案 把the去掉 [In fact為固定短語,意為“事實上,實際上”。] 5.At an end of the day, she returned to take me back to my accommodation.________________________________________________________ 答案 an→the [at the end of為固定短語,意為“在……結(jié)尾,在……末端”。] 6.I tried to appear at the ease when the foreign guest greeted me by kissing me on the cheek.________________________________________________________ 答案 去掉第一個the [at ease“自由自在,無拘無束”,固定搭配。] 7.The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive because of speeding.________________________________________________________ 答案 在loss前加a [at a loss是固定短語,意為“不知所措”。] 8.—Many people don't think much of the movie.—I think differently.In the way, it is a good film.And the photographed scenes are very beautiful.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個the→a [句意:——很多人認為這部電影不好?!也荒敲凑J為。在某種程度上,這是一部很不錯的電影。拍攝的場景非常美。in a way為固定短語,“在某種程度上”。] 9.I signed it “some thankful students” and slipped it into the envelope.________________________________________________________ 答案 the→an [根據(jù)句意表示把信裝進“一個”信封,故用不定冠詞,且envelope的始發(fā)音為元音,故改為an。] 10.—As a child, my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors, even playing for hours at time.—That's my father's story, too.________________________________________________________ 答案 time前加a [at a time為固定短語,意為“一次”。]
考點三 冠詞的活用
基礎(chǔ)點
不定冠詞的活用
(1)不定冠詞可以用于某些具體化的抽象名詞前,可以具體化的抽象名詞有shame,surprise, pleasure, honour, success, help, beauty, failure等。
It's a_pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作我非常高興。
She was a famous beauty in her youth.她年輕時是個有名的美人。
(2)表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前一般加定冠詞the,但如果名詞前有修飾語,可用不定冠詞。
the world, a peaceful world;the moon, a bright moon。世界,一個和平的世界;月亮,一輪明亮的月亮。
(3)表示一日三餐的名詞和專有名詞前如果有形容詞修飾,也可用不定冠詞。I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨晚我吃了一頓美味佳肴。
(4)“a most+形容詞”表示“很……”,most在此不表示最高級含義,為“很,非?!钡囊馑迹喈斢趘ery,而“the+ most+多音節(jié)形容詞”為多音節(jié)形容詞的最高級形式,表示“最……”。
This is a most interesting film.這是一部非常有趣的電影。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最有趣的一部電影。
(5)不定冠詞用在表示地名的專有名詞前,表示“一個……的地方”。She is now a different China from what she was twenty years ago.現(xiàn)在的中國是一個與二十年前不同的國家了。
(6)knowledge, collection, understanding等名詞后加of...時其前常用不定冠詞a/an。
Her new book is a collection of short stories.她的新書是一部短篇小說集。He has a good knowledge of French.他精通法語。
重難點
序數(shù)詞前冠詞的活用
“the+序數(shù)詞”表順序,而“a/an+序數(shù)詞”表“又一,再一”;序數(shù)詞修飾動詞時,......已成為副詞,因此不必與冠詞連用。如: ..Can you give me a_second chance, please?(=another chance)請再給我一次機會好嗎?
He was only 5 years old when I first saw him.(adv.)當我第一次見到他時,他只有5歲。
[考法綜述] 不定冠詞的活用,尤其是序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞,冠詞的活用在語篇
型語法填空和短文改錯中常會涉及,近五年考查了10次,仍是高考考查的難點。
命題法 考查冠詞的活用
典例1 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.[答案] a;a 句意:在那艱苦的歲月里能夠買得起一杯飲料將會是一種安慰。drink在此表示泛指“一杯飲料”;comfort作“安慰”講為不可數(shù)名詞,但在此是抽象名詞具體化指“一件令人安慰的事”,故都用a。
典例2 He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get the second chance in the long jump.________________________________________________________ [答案] 將第三個the→a 此處應(yīng)該表示“又一次機會”,故用a。
【解題法】 分析名詞特點,注意冠詞活用
在英語中,我們要注意冠詞的一些靈活用法。常用的一些抽象名詞如success, failure, pity, surprise, pleasure等,當表示“具體的人或者事”時,這些抽象名詞具體化了,可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞。
A.單句填空
1.—You are really crazy about music!—Sort of.I always find in music ________ peace which is missing in ________ world full of challenges.答案 the;a [句意:——你對音樂真癡狂!——有點吧。我總能在音樂中找到寧靜,而這種寧靜在一個充滿了挑戰(zhàn)的世界中是不存在的。peace后有定語從句修飾,表特指,加不定冠詞;第二空是泛指,意為“一個……的世界”,故用a。] 2.—Guess what? Tom has failed in the exam ________ second time.—How come? He is second to none in English in our class.答案 a [句意:——你猜怎么著?湯姆考試又沒通過。
——怎么會呢?他的英語在我們班名列前茅。此處表示“又一次,再一次”,故用不定冠詞a。] 3.When you finish reading the novel, you will have ________ better understanding of society.答案 a [句意:當你讀完這本小說后,你就會更好地了解社會。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示讀前與讀后的比較,比較級前用不定冠詞表示“更……的”。故填不定冠詞a。] 4.It was by reading it ________ third time that Sammy got a thorough understanding of passage E.答案 a [句意:薩米又讀了一遍才對E篇文章有了徹底的了解。根據(jù)句意可知,此處不表順序,僅表“又一,再一”。故填不定冠詞a。] B.單句改錯
1.Although the experiment turned out to be failure, we decided to try a second
time.________________________________________________________ 答案 failure前加a [failure當“失敗”講為不可數(shù)名詞,在此處表示“一件失敗的事”,為可數(shù)名詞,故用a。] 2.—What do you think of the grammar book? —Oh, it really is a useful reference book, which is worth reading the second time.________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個the→a [second此處不表示次序,而表示“又一,再一”,故用a。] 3.When you finish reading the novel, you will have better understanding of society.________________________________________________________ 答案 在better前加a [understanding為抽象名詞,后面有of時前用不定冠詞a/an。] 4.“The match between two teams is great,” said Jim, “and I hope to see the second.”
________________________________________________________ 答案 第二個the→a [此處表示“又一,再一”,故用a。]
易錯題一:忽視抽象名詞或物質(zhì)名詞具體化
[例1] Anyone who achieves success in this field can be ________success.[錯解] 不填
[錯因分析] 有些考生誤認為success只能為抽象名詞,無單復(fù)數(shù)形式,因而做錯本題。[答案] a [心得體會]
[例2] My parents approached the site, which was still wet from ________
heavy rain.[錯解] the [錯因分析] 在這道試題中,很多考生會誤填the,認為rain為物質(zhì)名詞,前面不用冠詞,即便使用冠詞也應(yīng)用the。
[答案] a [心得體會]
易錯題二:表示獨一無二的事物的名詞前冠詞的誤用
[例] We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.[錯解] the;the [錯因分析] 雖然sky和world是表示獨一無二的事物的名詞,但是一些考生忽略了它們的一些特殊用法,而誤填the。
[答案] a;a [心得體會]
易錯題三:專有名詞前冠詞的誤用
[例] ________Shanghai of tomorrow is sure to create new splendor and spring up as another center of international economy.[錯解] 不填
[錯因分析] 很多考生看到這道題后認為Shanghai是一個表示地點的專有名詞,按照一般語法規(guī)則,專有名詞前不用冠詞,因此他們會感到無所適從或者誤填其他冠詞。
[答案] The [心得體會]
易錯題四:特殊情況下定冠詞、不定冠詞的誤用
[例1] An apple fell from the tree and hit him on ________ head.[錯解] his [錯因分析] 在解此題時,考生較容易受漢語思維的干擾而誤填his。[答案] the [心得體會]
[例2] As everybody knows, a plane is ________ machine that can fly.[錯解] the [錯因分析] 有些考生會想當然地認為machine為可數(shù)名詞,且后面有定語從句修飾,所以誤填定冠詞the。
[答案] a [心得體會]
第五篇:高考英語總復(fù)習之名詞性從句
高考英語復(fù)習--------名詞性從句用法及真題解析
名詞性從句是高考英語中非常重要的部分,它能使得英語的句子長度加長,內(nèi)容豐富且句型多樣。高中階段的英語學(xué)習基本涉及了所有的名詞性從句常用句法,因此高考也在各種題型中考查同學(xué)們對此項語法的掌握。同學(xué)們除了應(yīng)具有基本的語法知識,如能分析句中的主、謂、賓等基本成份,更重要的應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)一定的邏輯分析能力,能夠正確判斷出句與句之間的主、次關(guān)系及語意關(guān)聯(lián);能夠分析得出主、從句(可以根據(jù)連接詞的位臵),通過對題意的正確理解判斷使用何種連接詞。同時注意句中的語序,時態(tài)及主謂一致問題??键c1 主語從句
引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞主要有三類: 連接詞that,whether;
連接代詞what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等; 連接副詞when,where,why,how等。1.連接詞that,whether引導(dǎo)
①That the college will take in more new students this year is true. 今年這所大學(xué)將招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 他是否能按時完成任務(wù)非常重要?!咀ⅰ?1)if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。
(2)形式主語it替代主語從句。常見的it替代主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種:
A.It+系動詞+形容詞+that從句。如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個計劃注定要失敗。B.It+系動詞+名詞+that從句。如:
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. 我們的希望是雙方能朝著和平的方向發(fā)展。C.It+be+v.ed形式+that從句。如:
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out. 據(jù)宣布計劃已經(jīng)順利實施。2.連接代詞引導(dǎo)
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have. 我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好。②who the letter was from is still unknown. 這封信是誰寄出的還不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. 你們當中第一個到達這里的人將獲得獎項。3.連接副詞引導(dǎo)
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear. 針灸是如何減輕和解除疼痛的還不清楚。
②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 恐龍為什么突然消失了還是個謎??键c2 賓語從句
引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞主要有三類: 連接詞that,whether,if等,連接代詞what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等,連接副詞when,where,why,how等。1.連接詞that,whether,if引導(dǎo)
①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help. 我認為你應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。
【注】whether/if都意為“是否”。一般情況下,它們可以互換,口語中常用if,但以下情況中,只能用whether。(1)與or not緊接連用時。如:
Let me know whether or not you can come. 請讓我知道你是否能來。(2)作介詞的賓語從句時。如:
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我們對你是否參加會議感興趣。
2.連接代詞what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等如:
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她問我班上誰的書法最好。
②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就說什么。
3.連接副詞引導(dǎo)when,where,why,how等 ①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奧運會是什么時間開始的嗎? ②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考慮如何使我們的報紙更用趣。4.賓語從句的語序
在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如:
①He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他問我第二天什么時候可以出發(fā)。②Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎? 5.賓語從句的時態(tài)
(1)當主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時時,其賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday. 她說她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時)②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk. 她說她要在他桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時)(2)當主句的謂語動詞是一般過去式時,其賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要用適當?shù)倪^去時態(tài)。如:
①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時)②He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時)③He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進行時)(3)當賓語從句是表達客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時,其時態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:
①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老師告訴我們世上無難事,只怕有心人。②He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他說光比聲音傳播得快。
【注】在使用賓語從句時需要注意下面幾點:
(1)動詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有賓語補足語時,則需要用it作形式賓語,而將that賓語從句后臵。如:
①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了慣例。
(2)hate,like,take,owe,have,take for granted等表示“喜歡;痛恨;認為”的動詞或動詞短語和see to表示“注意,留意”后有賓語補足語時,需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后臵。如:
①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。②When you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 啟動發(fā)動機時,一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位臵。(3)介詞后的賓語從句。如:
①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。
②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。
(4)賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。如:
①I don’t think I know you.我想我并不認識你。②I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不回來??键c
3、表語從句
常由連接詞that,whether;連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever;連接副詞when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)。1.連接詞引導(dǎo)
①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他沒接到通知。
②The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 問題還是他們能否幫我們。2.連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)
①The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 問題是誰將接管這家店鋪。
②That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那時我才意識到新聞工作的重要性。
【注】(1)as/as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在特定動詞后面,如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等。如:
①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 聽上去好像有人在敲門。
②At that time,it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word. 當時我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當?shù)淖盅蹃怼?/p>
(2)當主句的主語是reason時,表語從句一般由that引導(dǎo),這種用法常見于句型The reason why…is that…。如:
The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他來得晚是因為起床晚了。
考點4 同位語從句
同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞之后,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見的有idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,promise,suggestion,order等。
1.通常用連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,that無詞義,也不作句子成分,但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如:
①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again. 他們表示希望我們再去訪問上海。②I have no idea that she quit her present job. 我不知道她辭掉了現(xiàn)在的工作。
③Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答應(yīng)我,你今天晚上會來參加我們的聚會。
2.同位語從句還可以用whether,when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo)。如:
①The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading. 學(xué)生問了我這個問題:這本書是否值得一讀。
②I have no idea why he was excited at that time.我不知道當時他激動的原因。
.
考點5 名詞性從句需要注意的事項
1.that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略;在賓語從句中有時可以省略,一般需要注意下面兩點:(1)當that從句作介詞賓語時,that不能省略。如:
They share little in common except that they are from the same country. 除了來自同一個國家之外,他們幾乎沒有共同點。
(2)當主句謂語動詞后接兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時,可以省略第一個that,其他的不省略。如:
I believe(that)you’ve done your best and that things will improve. 我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了,而且情況也會得到改善。
2.that與what的區(qū)別。that在從句中不能夠充當句子成分,也沒有含義;what可以在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語,意思是”什么,……的事情”。如: ①The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 他會康復(fù)的希望沒有消失。②What he said proved to be true. 他所說的話證明是正確的。
3.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制;而同位語從句是對從句前面的抽象名詞作進一步的說明和解釋。如: ①The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。②The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。
③I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有。
④The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽許下了一個令她的孩子們高興的諾言。
十年高考【2002-2011】英語分類匯編----名詞性從句
1(2011北京卷22)________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.Which
B what
C.That
D.Whom 2(2011北京卷31)The shocking news mad me realize _____terrible problems we would face.A.what
B.how
C.that
D.why
3(2011上海卷31)There is clear evidence _____ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A.what
B.if
C.how
D.that
4(2011上海卷38)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _____ others actually understand.A.why
B.that
C.which
D.what 5(2011山東卷26)I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything.A.that
B.when
C.where
D.why
6(2011山東卷33)We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it.A.where
B.what
C.whether
D.which 7(2011江西卷26)The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.A.this
B.that
C.what
D.which 8(2011江蘇卷26)It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.A.that
B.how
C.when
D.why
9(2011安徽卷33)His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____it is he is trying to express.A.that
B.how
C.who
D.what
10(2011四川卷10)Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.why
B.how
C.what
D.which 11(2011遼寧卷23)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ___to read first.A.what
B.who
C.how
D.why
12(2011遼寧卷32)When the news came_________the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A.since
B.which
C.that
D.because 13(2011天津卷13)Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.A.what
B.which
C.that
D.where 14(2011陜西卷15)I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money.A.why
B.when
C.which
D.what 15(2011重慶卷22)It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether
B.when
C.which
D.where