第一篇:英語(yǔ)會(huì)議口譯翻譯技巧
英語(yǔ)會(huì)議口譯翻譯技巧
一、動(dòng)賓連接原則
考生在翻譯動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,應(yīng)先考慮賓語(yǔ)的成分。賓語(yǔ)可能為名詞、名詞詞組和句子。不同成分的賓語(yǔ)決定了謂語(yǔ)的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的選擇面很大,既可以用hope連接句子,也可以用hope for,look forward to等連接名詞詞組,那么考生就得考慮賓語(yǔ)更容易翻譯成詞組或句子。因此,動(dòng)賓連接原則的核心思想是“先賓語(yǔ),后謂語(yǔ)”,翻譯會(huì)豁然開朗。
中國(guó)人民始終希望天下太平,希望各國(guó)人民友好相處。
二、時(shí)態(tài)原則
時(shí)態(tài)在翻譯中比不像想象中那么簡(jiǎn)單,往往是考試中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可以體現(xiàn)一種感情因素,特別是進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用,比如在第一個(gè)例子中現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用體現(xiàn)出對(duì)中華民族的一種褒揚(yáng)、贊美的口吻,翻譯出了這句話的“精、氣、神”,最后一個(gè)例子中過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)常表示一種“特有的行為”,通常是偏向于negative的口吻,所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話十有八九是美國(guó)人自己寫的。
三、主語(yǔ)確定原則
由于英語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)顯著語(yǔ)(subject-prominent language),構(gòu)建在主謂軸(subject-predicate pivot)上,主語(yǔ)決定了句法結(jié)構(gòu);漢語(yǔ)為語(yǔ)義性語(yǔ)言,其中主語(yǔ)的重要性相對(duì)較低,無(wú)主語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象比比皆是。因此在漢英轉(zhuǎn)化中最重要的就是確定主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)選擇成功了,句子越翻越順;選擇失敗,考生越翻越累。主語(yǔ)的確定歸根結(jié)底有三種方法:使用原主語(yǔ);重新確定主語(yǔ);增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)。
四、謂語(yǔ)最小化原則
在漢譯英中,動(dòng)詞的考察是必然的。其中動(dòng)詞和其他成分的轉(zhuǎn)換也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的動(dòng)詞都翻譯成動(dòng)詞的話,只能說(shuō)明其還屬于“入門”境界。因此在第一個(gè)例子中共出現(xiàn)7個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而在譯文中只保留了4個(gè)動(dòng)詞。所以我們?cè)诜g中一定要注意動(dòng)詞和其他詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換,常見(jiàn)減少謂語(yǔ)的方法有: a)把動(dòng)詞變成名詞 b)使用介詞短語(yǔ) c)使用分詞短語(yǔ)
d)多使用to表示目的的狀語(yǔ)
e)把并列謂語(yǔ)中最后一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)處理成“,which”的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
雖然以上這些方法從本質(zhì)上講都是些小打小鬧的“噱頭”,但是不重視謂語(yǔ)的省略一定不會(huì)取得理想的成績(jī)。
五、動(dòng)賓換序原則
在英譯漢中,遇上特別長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ),初學(xué)者總是根據(jù)語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣亦步亦趨地處理主、謂、賓,結(jié)果造成龐大的賓語(yǔ),頭輕腳重,特別不符合漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣,漢語(yǔ)之所以不喜歡賓語(yǔ)從句,在于漢語(yǔ)喜用主謂短句,對(duì)于較長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ),一般有兩種處理方式:一是把謂語(yǔ)變成直接能夠接賓語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式,如react to不必翻譯成“對(duì)?作出反應(yīng)”,可變成“面對(duì)?”,這種方法在口譯中常常出現(xiàn),因?yàn)榭谧g往往無(wú)暇考慮句式的大變動(dòng);二是把賓語(yǔ)先譯出,然后再譯出主謂,如第一個(gè)例子,或使用謂語(yǔ)的相反含義,再接上原主語(yǔ),如第二個(gè)例子,sustain表示“決定了”,那反義短語(yǔ)就是“取決于”。
六、句群邏輯關(guān)系原則
漢譯英中的疑點(diǎn)就是處理句群關(guān)系,從邏輯上區(qū)分通常有六種: a)表示原因關(guān)系
“因?yàn)?所以”,“因此?”,“由于?”b)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
“雖然?但是?”,“然而(不過(guò))?” c)表示條件關(guān)系
“如果?”,“假如?”,“只要?就?”,“一旦?” d)表示讓步關(guān)系
“盡管?”,“就算?也?”,“即使?也?” e)表示時(shí)間先后關(guān)系 “?之后”,“接著?” f)表示結(jié)果關(guān)系 “從而?”,“導(dǎo)致?”
七、連接原則
高口翻譯難度的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在近幾年發(fā)生了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換:從以前追求成語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)到現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)體、語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格的怪異,比如老舍和錢鐘書的“自傳”。語(yǔ)言的絕對(duì)難度不難,但是形式游散,不容易連接成邏輯感強(qiáng)烈的英語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)重形合,漢語(yǔ)重意合。所以連接原則首先要求考生具備強(qiáng)烈的“邏輯”使命感,多加連詞,兩三句之內(nèi)就要考慮句群的關(guān)系,其次考生還要具備合句和縮句的能力,抓住主要謂語(yǔ),最后換序譯法也是考生必需的技能,有時(shí)突出重點(diǎn),調(diào)整句序,也是必不可少的。
八、減少of原則
漢譯英中,一出現(xiàn)“?的”許多學(xué)生立馬想到of?的架構(gòu),這種思維模式主要是受到了所屬關(guān)系的影響。of在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中主要是所屬關(guān)系,而“?的”不僅有所屬關(guān)系,而且有包含關(guān)系等,因此我們?cè)诜g中要看清句子的主主語(yǔ)——真正意義上的主語(yǔ),而不必選擇句子的次主語(yǔ)——語(yǔ)法上的主語(yǔ)。比如在第一個(gè)例子中,主主語(yǔ)是“樓”,而次主語(yǔ)才是“質(zhì)量”,因此如把此句翻成The quality of the building is poor.雖然也沒(méi)有錯(cuò),在考試中也不一定會(huì)扣分,但還是顯得比較業(yè)余。另外在最后一個(gè)例子中,譯文如譯成The development of our relations has made us not only close fiends but also brothers,就顯得特別地功利,好像表示我們關(guān)系的發(fā)展使我們成為兄弟了,而不是我們的關(guān)系??偠灾?,我們并不是要刻意地減少of架構(gòu),而是把一些非定語(yǔ)關(guān)系的of架構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為其它成分。
九、名詞詞組與分句互譯原則
漢語(yǔ)中的兩大成分地位較低,分別是賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。在英譯漢中,較長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)從句常常會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞詞組,比如在第一個(gè)例句中的“how”如果翻譯為“如何化去稅款”這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,在漢語(yǔ)中就顯得不倫不類,所有一些5W1H的疑問(wèn)詞基本上都有可能轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,如when(時(shí)間),where(地點(diǎn)),who(人選),why(原因)。此外,對(duì)于修飾語(yǔ)較多的名詞性短語(yǔ),漢語(yǔ)也不喜歡用定語(yǔ)進(jìn)行堆砌,而偏向用簡(jiǎn)單的主謂短語(yǔ),如第二個(gè)例子中把“the most skepticaGates”翻譯成“一個(gè)持懷疑態(tài)度的蓋茨”,就不如變成主謂短語(yǔ)“蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度”。
十、要詞原則
無(wú)論是中口還是高口翻譯篇章中,都有一些貌似十分簡(jiǎn)單的詞,但這些詞往往是這篇文章的殺手锏,難度往往高于那些成語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)和專業(yè)詞。比如在第一個(gè)例子中的collectively,一般的譯者馬上會(huì)理解為“總而言之”“概括起來(lái)”的意思,只有當(dāng)讀完整句的時(shí)候,才明白是把亞洲國(guó)家整體經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模“累加”起來(lái),其中進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)性譯法,把副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞或名詞。這種詞在每次考試中至少會(huì)有一個(gè),可以被認(rèn)為是拉開差距的地方??忌缒馨l(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“弦外之音”,將會(huì)極大的鼓舞自己的士氣。
第二篇:翻譯公司英語(yǔ)口譯考試技巧探討(本站推薦)
翻譯公司英語(yǔ)口譯考試技巧探討
英語(yǔ)口譯較筆譯有更高的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)踐能力要求,很多人通過(guò)了口譯考試,但是不一定能做好現(xiàn)場(chǎng)翻譯。考試技巧固然重要,因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)了這個(gè)門檻才有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入翻譯這個(gè)行業(yè),當(dāng)然,更重要的鍛煉實(shí)際操作能力,因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)口譯要求譯員具備相當(dāng)深厚的基本功和非常豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),另外還需要出色的心理素質(zhì)。
眾所周知,英語(yǔ)口譯考試考查的是考試者的當(dāng)場(chǎng)的即興應(yīng)變能力、短時(shí)記憶能力、瞬間的信息捕捉能力和在兩種語(yǔ)言間的快速轉(zhuǎn)換能力。在英語(yǔ)口譯考試中,考試者除了應(yīng)具備良好的語(yǔ)言修養(yǎng)和扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功之外,實(shí)用的考試技巧也起著非常重要的作用。以下方略不僅針對(duì)考試,而且在以后的口譯實(shí)踐中也有一定指導(dǎo)意義。
一、具備基本的語(yǔ)言素養(yǎng)
1、英漢基本功要求。作為口譯工作者,首先要對(duì)中文運(yùn)籌帷幄,其次是具有深厚的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和聽(tīng)力基本功。很多學(xué)生不注重漢語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí),考試或者工作時(shí)就會(huì)暴露出許多問(wèn)題。例如:“蘿卜青菜,各有所愛(ài)”因?yàn)榉g員對(duì)中文的把握不足,被誤譯成了“Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage”,而正確的翻譯應(yīng)該是“Tastes differ”。
2、文風(fēng)把握要求。無(wú)論英文還是中文都有不同的文風(fēng)特點(diǎn),不同的文風(fēng)特點(diǎn)具有不同的表達(dá)特點(diǎn)。應(yīng)試者應(yīng)當(dāng)熟悉英漢各種文風(fēng)特點(diǎn)的表達(dá)特點(diǎn),才能在英漢語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換中符合原文的要求,達(dá)到恰當(dāng)?shù)皿w,使譯文的文風(fēng)與原文的文風(fēng)恰如其縫。
3、專業(yè)詞匯把握要求。同學(xué)們應(yīng)當(dāng)把握特定的表達(dá)方式,比如一些中國(guó)特有的術(shù)語(yǔ),例如:“溫飽工程—Decent-Life Project”、“亂攤派,亂收費(fèi)—Imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge”、“火鍋Chafing dish”等。這些術(shù)語(yǔ)都是需要同學(xué)們?nèi)辗e月累地去豐富。
二、實(shí)現(xiàn)有效的英語(yǔ)翻譯筆錄
英語(yǔ)口譯筆錄是輔助記憶的方法,記筆錄一定要遵循“大腦記憶為主,筆錄為輔”的基本原則。在聽(tīng)講過(guò)程中用簡(jiǎn)略的文字或符號(hào)記錄下發(fā)言內(nèi)容中能刺激記憶的關(guān)鍵詞,掌握表述內(nèi)容的前因后果和上下文邏輯關(guān)系,以及其他細(xì)節(jié),比如數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、人名等等。
1、采用簡(jiǎn)寫。比如:U.K.(the United Kingdom);dept(department);edu(education)等,這是最為常用的做筆錄方法。
2、采用箭頭符號(hào)。比如:↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速發(fā)展、快速上漲等”↓表示“下降、減少、急劇下降、急速下跌等”;↗表示“緩慢上升,緩慢發(fā)展、緩慢上漲等”;←表示“返回,倒退等”→表示“達(dá)到,至,導(dǎo)致,前進(jìn)等”等。
3、采用數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)。比如:+表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”;-表示“減少,減”;>表示“多于,大于,強(qiáng)于”;<表示“少于,小于,不如”;∵表示“因?yàn)椋捎凇?;∴表示“所以,因此”?表示“等于,相同,與……相同”。
4、記錄數(shù)字。比如:t表示thousand;m表示million;b表示 billion;1st表示first等。
5、自己創(chuàng)造符號(hào)。比如:“powerful country”記作“強(qiáng)□”,“我同意”記作“I√”等。
做筆錄是一個(gè)因人而異的問(wèn)題,理論上以目標(biāo)語(yǔ)加符號(hào)為宜,用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)記錄能夠幫助考生脫離源語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言外殼,使筆錄成為表達(dá)的雛形,為表達(dá)提供便利。值得注意的是,無(wú)論用源語(yǔ)還是目標(biāo)語(yǔ),縮略語(yǔ)還是符號(hào),關(guān)鍵是要能將記錄下來(lái)的內(nèi)容能夠具備原文的邏輯關(guān)系,能夠復(fù)原成完整正確的信息,千萬(wàn)不能造成識(shí)別的誤區(qū),如果自己做的筆錄自己不認(rèn)識(shí)那就會(huì)適得其反了。
三、靈活地應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧
1、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法。英語(yǔ)翻譯中,詞性不能完全保持形式上的對(duì)等,要在必要和適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候靈活變通,增加譯文的可讀性。比如說(shuō),動(dòng)詞和形容詞、形容詞和副詞之間的互換等等。
2、層層拆譯法。英語(yǔ)翻譯中,往往有好幾個(gè)從句或者好幾個(gè)形容詞和介詞詞組結(jié)合起來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子,這往往是考點(diǎn)所在。對(duì)此,應(yīng)采取層層分解的辦法,將長(zhǎng)句分解。
3、增減重復(fù)法。要體現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和節(jié)奏的完美,翻譯實(shí)踐中,有必要對(duì)有些內(nèi)容在正確理解的基礎(chǔ)上予以增加、重復(fù)或刪減。
4、分合變序法。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)句,不能一味地遵循原文的順序,而是要重新進(jìn)行調(diào)整,并根據(jù)情況分解合并。
5、糅合省略法。在并列結(jié)構(gòu)較多的場(chǎng)合,同義語(yǔ)類沒(méi)必要一一譯出,而應(yīng)該采取整合覆蓋的辦法,使譯文簡(jiǎn)單明了,節(jié)奏鮮明。
英語(yǔ)口譯是一種語(yǔ)言技能,應(yīng)試者應(yīng)當(dāng)注重實(shí)踐鍛煉,在此基礎(chǔ)上形成自己獨(dú)特的筆錄方式,在口譯實(shí)際工作中持續(xù)改進(jìn),并通過(guò)靈活的口譯技巧提高翻譯質(zhì)量。在平時(shí)的翻譯理論學(xué)習(xí)中,大家要注重理論和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),克服口譯怯場(chǎng)心里,提高現(xiàn)場(chǎng)靈活應(yīng)對(duì)思維,將口譯工作做的盡善盡美。
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第三篇:英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則
新東方口譯:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則
一、英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則:時(shí)態(tài)原則
1)考生在翻譯動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,應(yīng)先考慮賓語(yǔ)的成分。賓語(yǔ)可能為名詞、名詞詞組和句子。不同成分的賓語(yǔ)決定了謂語(yǔ)的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的選擇面很大,既可以用hope連接句子,也可以用hope for,look forward to等連接名詞詞組,那么考生就得考慮賓語(yǔ)更容易翻譯成詞組或句子。因此,動(dòng)賓連接原則的核心思想是“先賓語(yǔ),后謂語(yǔ)”,翻譯會(huì)豁然開朗。中國(guó)人民始終希望天下太平,希望各國(guó)人民友好相處。
The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.2)時(shí)態(tài)原則
時(shí)態(tài)在翻譯中比不像想象中那么簡(jiǎn)單,往往是考試中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可以體現(xiàn)一種感情因素,特別是進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用,比如在第一個(gè)例子中現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用體現(xiàn)出對(duì)中華民族的一種褒揚(yáng)、贊美的口吻,翻譯出了這句話的“精、氣、神”,最后一個(gè)例子中過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)常表示一種“特有的行為”,通常是偏向于 negative的口吻,所以我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話十有八九是美國(guó)人自己寫的。中華民族歷來(lái)愛(ài)好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.中國(guó)過(guò)去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來(lái)是?? China was and remains to be …
中國(guó)人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.屆時(shí),?? At that time, ……
到2007年,上海市人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值預(yù)計(jì)達(dá)到7500美元。
By 2007, the per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500.As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.從而我們可能要生活在一個(gè)根本無(wú)法掌控的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制中。
After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S.–led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.畢竟中國(guó)、古巴等一些在人權(quán)委員會(huì)中受到以美國(guó)為首批評(píng)的國(guó)家,總是投票或游說(shuō)反對(duì)美國(guó)政府。
二、英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則:主語(yǔ)確定原則
由于英語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)顯著語(yǔ)(subject-prominent language),構(gòu)建在主謂軸(subject-predicate pivot)上,主語(yǔ)決定了句法結(jié)構(gòu);漢語(yǔ)為語(yǔ)義性語(yǔ)言,其中主語(yǔ)的重要性相對(duì)較低,無(wú)主語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象比比皆是。因此在漢英轉(zhuǎn)化中最重要的就是確定主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)選擇成功了,句子越翻越順;選擇失敗,考生越翻越累。主語(yǔ)的確定歸根結(jié)底有三種方法:使用原主語(yǔ);重新確定主語(yǔ);增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)。這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),最直接的應(yīng)該是老百姓住得更寬敞了,更舒服了。
The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.The idea of a national ID, however, was locked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non-citizens carry identifying documents.新東方口譯:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
然而,持自由論觀點(diǎn)的民眾和少數(shù)民族反對(duì)一切美國(guó)公民必須隨身攜帶身份證的規(guī)定,他們結(jié)成聯(lián)盟,推翻了立法的最初幾次草案中關(guān)于實(shí)施全國(guó)統(tǒng)一身份證的主張。
其實(shí),撇開數(shù)學(xué),繞過(guò)那一大堆公式,一門學(xué)科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。
To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline(of science)are understandable and appreciable.They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.無(wú)論是外人入境,或是文化入侵,政府都已無(wú)能為力。
They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一些列問(wèn)題,美國(guó)政府總是對(duì)國(guó)際輿論置若罔聞,使得這些(倒戈)國(guó)家越來(lái)越失望/懊惱。
三、英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則:謂語(yǔ)最小化原則
謂語(yǔ)最小化原則
在漢譯英中,動(dòng)詞的考察是必然的。其中動(dòng)詞和其他成分的轉(zhuǎn)換也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的動(dòng)詞都翻譯成動(dòng)詞的話,只能說(shuō)明其還屬于“入門”境界。因此在第一個(gè)例子中共出現(xiàn)7個(gè)動(dòng)詞,而在譯文中只保留了4個(gè)動(dòng)詞。所以我們?cè)诜g中一定要注意動(dòng)詞和其他詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換,常見(jiàn)減少謂語(yǔ)的方法有:
a)把動(dòng)詞變成名詞
b)使用介詞短語(yǔ)
c)使用分詞短語(yǔ)
d)多使用to表示目的的狀語(yǔ)
e)把并列謂語(yǔ)中最后一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)處理成“,which”的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 雖然以上這些方法從本質(zhì)上講都是些小打小鬧的“噱頭”,但是不重視謂語(yǔ)的省略一定不會(huì)取得理想的成績(jī)。
今年的亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作組織會(huì)議將主要側(cè)重兩個(gè)方面:一是加強(qiáng)亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作,共同應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,重樹信心;二是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進(jìn)程,推動(dòng)世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開始新一輪談判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence;the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.顯然,許多美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)支持國(guó)家沒(méi)有投票支持美國(guó),以此對(duì)美國(guó)奉行單邊主義表示不滿。
Many traditional U.S.supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S.unilateralism.動(dòng)賓換序原則
在英譯漢中,遇上特別長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ),初學(xué)者總是根據(jù)語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣亦步亦趨地處理主、謂、賓,結(jié)果造成龐大的賓語(yǔ),頭輕腳重,特別不符合漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣,漢語(yǔ)之所以不喜歡賓語(yǔ)從句,在于漢語(yǔ)喜用主謂短句,對(duì)于較長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ),一般有兩種處理方式:一是把謂語(yǔ)變成直接能夠接賓語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式,如react to不必翻譯成“對(duì)?作出反應(yīng)”,可變成“面對(duì)?”,這種方法在口譯中常常出現(xiàn),因?yàn)榭谧g往往無(wú)暇考慮句式的大變動(dòng);二是把賓語(yǔ)先譯出,然后再譯出主謂,如第一個(gè)例子,或使用謂語(yǔ)的相反含義,再接上原主語(yǔ),如第二個(gè)例子,sustain表示“決定了”,那反義短語(yǔ)就是“取決于”。
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of 新東方口譯:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
China.在新千年,經(jīng)濟(jì)重心將向亞洲轉(zhuǎn)移,中國(guó)將迅速崛起,世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)。
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力,這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。
四、英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則:句群邏輯關(guān)系原則
漢譯英中的疑點(diǎn)就是處理句群關(guān)系,從邏輯上區(qū)分通常有六種: a)表示原因關(guān)系
“因?yàn)?所以”,“因此?”,“由于?” b)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
“雖然?但是?”,“然而(不過(guò))?”
c)表示條件關(guān)系
“如果?”,“假如?”,“只要?就?”,“一旦?”
d)表示讓步關(guān)系
“盡管?”,“就算?也?”,“即使?也?”
e)表示時(shí)間先后關(guān)系
“?之后”,“接著?”
f)表示結(jié)果關(guān)系
“從而?”,“導(dǎo)致?”
經(jīng)過(guò)二十多年的快速發(fā)展,中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善,為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。
Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China 中國(guó)將致力于建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系,通過(guò)營(yíng)造良好的環(huán)境,推進(jìn)知識(shí)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和體制創(chuàng)新,這是中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展的必由之路。
Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.五、英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則:連接原則
連接原則
高口翻譯難度的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在近幾年發(fā)生了一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換:從以前追求成語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)到現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)體、語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格的怪異,比如老舍和錢鐘書的“自傳”。語(yǔ)言的絕對(duì)難度不難,但是形式游散,不容易連接成邏輯感強(qiáng) 新東方口譯:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
烈的英語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)重形合,漢語(yǔ)重意合。所以連接原則首先要求考生具備強(qiáng)烈的“邏輯”使命感,多加連詞,兩三句之內(nèi)就要考慮句群的關(guān)系,其次考生還要具備合句和縮句的能力,抓住主要謂語(yǔ),最后換序譯法也是考生必需的技能,有時(shí)突出重點(diǎn),調(diào)整句序,也是必不可少的。書無(wú)所不讀,全無(wú)所惑,并不著急,教書做事,均甚認(rèn)真,往往吃虧,也不后悔。
Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織的談判已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了15年了。中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)始終如一。
China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.減少of原則
漢譯英中,一出現(xiàn)“?的”許多學(xué)生立馬想到of?的架構(gòu),這種思維模式主要是受到了所屬關(guān)系的影響。of在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中主要是所屬關(guān)系,而“?的” 不僅有所屬關(guān)系,而且有包含關(guān)系等,因此我們?cè)诜g中要看清句子的主主語(yǔ)——真正意義上的主語(yǔ),而不必選擇句子的次主語(yǔ)——語(yǔ)法上的主語(yǔ)。比如在第一個(gè)例子中,主主語(yǔ)是“樓”,而次主語(yǔ)才是“質(zhì)量”,因此如把此句翻成The quality of the building is poor.雖然也沒(méi)有錯(cuò),在考試中也不一定會(huì)扣分,但還是顯得比較業(yè)余。另外在最后一個(gè)例子中,譯文如譯成The development of our relations has made us not only close fiends but also brothers,就顯得特別地功利,好像表示我們關(guān)系的發(fā)展使我們成為兄弟了,而不是我們的關(guān)系??偠灾?,我們并不是要刻意地減少of架構(gòu),而是把一些非定語(yǔ)關(guān)系的of架構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化為其它成分。
樓的質(zhì)量不好。
The building is not well built.經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的深入發(fā)展和科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛進(jìn)步
the furthering economic globalization and rapid/swift/speedy/prompt development of science and technology 中國(guó)的富強(qiáng)和發(fā)展不會(huì)對(duì)任何國(guó)家構(gòu)成威脅。
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.我們之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展,使我們不僅成為親密的朋友,而且成為兄弟。
Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.六、英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則:名詞詞組與分句互譯原則
漢語(yǔ)中的兩大成分地位較低,分別是賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。在英譯漢中,較長(zhǎng)的賓語(yǔ)從句常常會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞詞組,比如在第一個(gè)例句中的“how”如果翻譯為“ 如何化去稅款”這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,在漢語(yǔ)中就顯得不倫不類,所有一些5W1H的疑問(wèn)詞基本上都有可能轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,如when(時(shí)間),where(地點(diǎn)),who(人選),why(原因)。此外,對(duì)于修飾語(yǔ)較多的名詞性短語(yǔ),漢語(yǔ)也不喜歡用定語(yǔ)進(jìn)行堆砌,而偏向用簡(jiǎn)單的主謂短語(yǔ),如第二個(gè)例子中把 “the most skeptical Gates”翻譯成“一個(gè)持懷疑態(tài)度的蓋茨”,就不如變成主謂短語(yǔ)“蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度”。
They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.基金會(huì)提供了一種方式,可以讓有錢人和大公司能實(shí)際支配花去稅款的方式。
But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.但新千年蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度,熱衷于施舍和政府援助。新東方口譯:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases.現(xiàn)在,爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)從制造嬰兒是否違背倫理,轉(zhuǎn)到為提取用于治療疾病的細(xì)胞和組織而克隆胚胎是否違背道德。
But such self-interest is hardly enlightened.但這種做法只考慮個(gè)人利益,自然難以獲得支持。
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在,大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力,這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。
七、英語(yǔ)口譯翻譯原則:要詞原則
無(wú)論是中口還是高口翻譯篇章中,都有一些貌似十分簡(jiǎn)單的詞,但這些詞往往是這篇文章的殺手锏,難度往往高于那些成語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)和專業(yè)詞。比如在第一個(gè)例子中的collectively,一般的譯者馬上會(huì)理解為“總而言之”“概括起來(lái)”的意思,只有當(dāng)讀完整句的時(shí)候,才明白是把亞洲國(guó)家整體經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)?!袄奂?”起來(lái),其中進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)性譯法,把副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞或名詞。這種詞在每次考試中至少會(huì)有一個(gè),可以被認(rèn)為是拉開差距的地方??忌缒馨l(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“弦外之音 ”,將會(huì)極大的鼓舞自己的士氣。
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量將超過(guò)其他國(guó)家地區(qū)的總和。
From a small beginning at the turn of the century ??
本世紀(jì)初,基金會(huì)的數(shù)量并不多。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.這些國(guó)家雖然呈現(xiàn)出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢(shì),但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢(shì)人口,還有少部分人口極端富有。
l The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.無(wú)論來(lái)自于政府或商界,項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上,即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭(zhēng)取相同的項(xiàng)目資金,因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立,就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。
The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.在克隆問(wèn)題上各方人士認(rèn)為,關(guān)于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科學(xué)及倫理問(wèn)題,已經(jīng)使全國(guó)性立法變得撲朔迷離。而如今各種東拼西湊的法律,只會(huì)使全國(guó)性立法形成步履維艱。新東方口譯:http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet440/
A law that goes into effect on Jan.1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en masse and sue spammers who violate their wishers for as much as $1 million.1月1日,加州通過(guò)一條法律,使得計(jì)算機(jī)用戶有權(quán)拒收垃圾郵件,并對(duì)郵件發(fā)送者提出訴訟,要求最高達(dá)一百萬(wàn)美元的賠償。
第四篇:英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯翻譯推薦復(fù)習(xí)材料范文
Secretary-General's remarks to the Memorial Ceremony in honour of those killed in the Haiti earthquake New York, 9 March 2010 聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書長(zhǎng)潘基文在紀(jì)念海地地震犧牲人員追悼會(huì)上的講話 Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Dear friends, Above all, dear families of those to whom we sadly bid farewell: 各位來(lái)賓,親愛(ài)的同事們,親愛(ài)的朋友們,最重要的是,我們沉痛道別的人員的親屬們:
Let us begin by thanking the families and friends who have traveled far to be with us.To those who could not be here, please know that our hearts are with you.首先,我們要感謝不辭辛勞前來(lái)參加追悼會(huì)的親屬和朋友們,并對(duì)不能前來(lái)的親屬和朋友們說(shuō),我們與你們心心相連。
We are joined by duty stations around the world ? the men and women of our proud United Nations.Among them are the members of our UN mission in Haiti, who have carried on despite their pain and hardship.I thank Mr.Edmond Mulet and his courageous staff who are working tirelesslyfamilies and friends, colleagues and loved ones.他們從世界各個(gè)角落、各界各層來(lái)到海地。但他們卻有一個(gè)共同的信念,這就是,堅(jiān)信海地人民有更好的未來(lái),而且懷著幫助海地人民建設(shè)這樣一個(gè)未來(lái)的共同決心?,F(xiàn)在,通過(guò)我們,也就是通過(guò)他們的家人和朋友、同事和親近的人,這101人在這個(gè)大廳里最后相聚。
The world knew them as trusted diplomats, dedicated humanitarians and conscientious professionals.They were doctors and drivers, police officers and policy advisers, soldiers and lawyers, each contributing to the mission, each in his or her own way.對(duì)于世界而言,他們是值得信賴的外交官,樂(lè)于奉獻(xiàn)的人道主義工作者,有良知的專業(yè)人員。他們是醫(yī)生和司機(jī)、警官和政策顧問(wèn)、士兵和律師,每個(gè)人都以自己的方式為執(zhí)行特派任務(wù)做貢獻(xiàn)。
To us they were even more.We knew them, very personally.We knew their smiles, their songs, their dreams.Now we cannot forget the last email, the last conversation, the last meal together, the last au revoir.Their words echo: “Don't worry about me.This is where I need to be.” 對(duì)我們而言,他們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止是這些。我們彼此相識(shí)相知。我們記得他們的音容笑貌,他們的歌聲,他們的夢(mèng)想。我們?cè)跄芡浰麄儼l(fā)出的最后電郵,與他們的最后交談,與他們的最后聚餐,與他們最后一次道別。他們道別的話語(yǔ)仍然在耳邊回響:―不要為我擔(dān)憂。這正是我應(yīng)去的地方。‖
At the United Nations, we don't simply share office space;we share a passion for a better world.So it is no surprise that many of these 101 paths criss-crossed the globe through the years.In Cambodia and the DRC.Eritrea and East Timor.Kosovo and Sierra Leone.Whether they came to Haiti, or came from Haiti, they knew that hope shines in even the darkest corners.And so they chased the flame.Wherever they went, they carried the light of hope.And as they fulfilled their mission in Haiti, they illuminated a profound truth: Earthquakes are a force of nature, but people move the world.在聯(lián)合國(guó),我們共享的不僅是辦公空間,我們還共享建設(shè)美好世界的熱情。正因?yàn)槿绱?,多年?lái),在這101人中,許多人的足跡遍布全球各地。在柬埔寨和剛果民主共和國(guó),在厄立特里亞和東帝汶,在科索沃和塞拉利昂,處處可見(jiàn)他們的足跡。無(wú)論是來(lái)自其他國(guó)家,還是來(lái)自海地本土,他們都明白,即使在最黑暗的角落,也閃耀著希望。因此,他們奔著希望的火焰而去。他們走到哪里,就把希望的火炬帶到那里。他們完成了在海地的任務(wù),同時(shí)說(shuō)明了一個(gè)深刻的道理:地震是一種自然力量,但推動(dòng)世界的是人民。
Today, our hearts are heavy with a burden almost too difficult to bear.Yet perhaps like you, it is gratitude that I feel most of all.今天,我們心情沉重,幾乎難以自拔。然而,我感觸最深的是感激,這或許與你們的心情相同。
Gratitude to the international community for the spontaneous, whole-hearted and unstinting support in the face of this tragedy.我們感激國(guó)際社會(huì)在此悲痛時(shí)刻自發(fā)地、由衷地和慷慨地給予支持。
Gratitude to the rescue teams, aid workers, governments and NGOs [Non-Governmental Organizations] that rallied to our side, determined to help Haiti to recover and, in time, to ―build back better.‖
我們感激各國(guó)救援隊(duì)、救援人員和政府支持我們,他們決心幫助海地復(fù)原,并在今后―重建,并建設(shè)得更好‖。Gratitude to the people of Haiti, for their strength, resilience and faith, the faith of human spirit, the spirit that burns in all of us today.我們感激海地人民,他們展現(xiàn)了毅力、韌勁和信念,這是人類精神信念,是今天在我們所有人心中燃燒的信念。I commend and appreciate the leadership of President [Ren閉 Preval and his Government and his people.Gratitude fills this chamber, profound thanks that our world and our lives were touched by the grace and nobility of these 101 UN heroes.這個(gè)大廳充滿了感激之情。101位聯(lián)合國(guó)英烈的人格魅力和崇高精神打動(dòng)了世界,影響了我們的生活。我們深深感激他們。Ladies and gentlemen, 女士們,先生們,In life, we are measured by the company we keep.To those here today, let us know that this is our measure.This is the company we keep.To those we have lost, let us say: we will never forget you.We will carry on your work.與什么樣的人為伍,是衡量我們?nèi)松囊淮髽?biāo)桿。我們要對(duì)今天聚集在這里的各位說(shuō),他們就是標(biāo)桿,就是我們與之為伍的榜樣。我們要對(duì)犧牲的人員說(shuō),我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記你們。我們將繼承你們的遺志。
In a moment we will read out their names, the roll call of highest honour.Look at their pictures.Look into their eyes.Remember their smiles and their dreams.Together we stand, in honour of the victims, and in deepest sympathy for the bereaved.接下來(lái)我們將宣讀他們的名字,這是最高榮譽(yù)的點(diǎn)名儀式。請(qǐng)看看他們的遺照,請(qǐng)看看他們的眼神,請(qǐng)記住他們的笑貌和夢(mèng)想。我們共同緬懷受難者,向難屬表示最深刻的同情。May I now ask you to rise and join me in a minute of silence.Thank you.現(xiàn)在,我請(qǐng)大家起立,與我一道默哀一分鐘
9、上海世博會(huì)將是探討人類城市生活的盛會(huì);是一曲以創(chuàng)新和融合為主旋律的交響樂(lè);將成為人類文明的一次精彩對(duì)話。Shanghai Expo will be a feast of city life, a symphony of innovation and integration, and a dialogue of human civilization.a prudent monetary policy 穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策
亞洲開發(fā)銀行(Asian Development Bank)周二在其地區(qū)報(bào)告中警告稱,亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家在外匯市場(chǎng)上的大規(guī)模干預(yù),可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)再次爆發(fā)。
Asia's developing countries are risking a renewed economic crisis by intervening extensively in foreign exchange markets, the Asian Development Bank warned in its annual regional review on Tuesday.亞開行預(yù)計(jì):今年亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)7.5%;隨著特殊貨幣和財(cái)政政策效應(yīng)減弱,2011增幅將微降至7.3%。亞開行向40多個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供金融和技術(shù)援助。
The ADB, which gives financial and technical assistance to more than 40 developing countries, forecast economic growth of 7.5 per cent this year, moderating slightly to 7.3 per cent in 2011 as the impact of extraordinary monetary and fiscal policies dissipates.然而,亞開行表示,亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家為了保持或提高出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,對(duì)外匯市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行廣泛干預(yù),此舉可能危及該地區(qū)從全球金融危機(jī)中的強(qiáng)勁復(fù)蘇。
However, the bank said the region's robust recovery from the global financial crisis could be put at risk by widespread intervention in the currency markets by countries seeking to maintain or improve export competitiveness.由亞開行首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家李鐘和(Jong-Wha Lee)負(fù)責(zé)編寫的該報(bào)告表示,亞洲發(fā)展中國(guó)家復(fù)蘇的速度和勢(shì)頭,加上大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家目前的低利率,推動(dòng)了―巨額‖短期資本流入前者。
The review, overseen by ADB chief economist Jong-Wha Lee, said the speed and strength of the recovery in developing Asia, together with low interest rates in most developed countries, was prompting ―huge‖ short-term capital inflows.報(bào)告稱:―鑒于(外匯市場(chǎng)上的)廣泛干預(yù)和過(guò)多的流動(dòng)性,亞洲各國(guó)可能出現(xiàn)實(shí)際匯率上漲和經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱的情況。尤其是(干預(yù)可能導(dǎo)致)短期資本流入突然轉(zhuǎn)向,這可能會(huì)破壞金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定性,從而引發(fā)匯率和金融危機(jī)。‖
―Given extensive intervention combined with excessive liquidity, real exchange rate appreciation and economic overheating could follow.In particular, the sudden reversal of short-term capital flows [as a result of intervention] could endanger financial and economic stability and bring about a currency and financial crisis,‖ the report said.亞開行發(fā)表這些評(píng)論之際,中國(guó)政府正在考慮美國(guó)政府要求人民幣升值的呼聲——許多議員認(rèn)為人民幣兌美元匯率嚴(yán)重低估。美國(guó)政府已經(jīng)推遲發(fā)布可能將中國(guó)列為匯率操縱國(guó)的報(bào)告,而該報(bào)告可能引發(fā)針對(duì)中國(guó)的貿(mào)易制裁。
The ADB's comments come as Beijing considers demands from Washington for a revaluation of the renminbi, which is regarded by many lawmakers as heavily undervalued against the dollar.The US administration has delayed a report that may brand China a currency manipulator, potentially triggering trade sanctions.然而,亞開行的報(bào)告顯示,許多其它亞洲貨幣兌美元匯率也有所低估,反映出在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi),許多國(guó)家都在大規(guī)模干預(yù)外匯市場(chǎng)。
However, the ADB report suggested that a large number of other Asian currencies were also undervalued against the dollar, reflecting significant intervention in the foreign exchange markets by many countries over a long period.亞開行指出,雖然各方估算不同,但有證據(jù)表明,中國(guó)、香港、馬來(lái)西亞、臺(tái)灣和新加坡貨幣兌美元匯率低估逾20%,而菲律賓和臺(tái)灣貨幣兌美元匯率低估約10%。該行表示,只有印度尼西亞、韓國(guó)和印度貨幣兌美元匯率似乎略微高估。
Noting that estimates vary, the bank quoted evidence suggesting that the currencies of China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore were more than 20 per cent undervalued against the dollar, while the currencies of the Philippines and Thailand were about 10 per cent undervalued.It said that only Indonesia, South Korea and India had currencies that appeared to be slightly over-valued against the dollar.亞開行表示,要想降低外匯干預(yù)導(dǎo)致的資本流動(dòng)突然轉(zhuǎn)向帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),各國(guó)央行應(yīng)該允許匯率調(diào)整至所謂的―均衡水平‖——在這個(gè)水平上,經(jīng)濟(jì)在完全就業(yè)、低通脹和可持續(xù)的外部國(guó)際收支的環(huán)境中運(yùn)行。The ADB said that to reduce the risks of a sudden reversal of capital flows caused by intervention central banks should allow exchange rates to adjust to the so-called equilibrium level, at which the economy operates at full employment with low inflation and a sustainable external balance of payments position.亞開行引用分析稱,人民幣升值10%將使中國(guó)勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)品和―加工‖產(chǎn)品出口減少不到4%。―但所有東南亞國(guó)家貨幣升值10%將使(中國(guó))加工產(chǎn)品出口減少10%,‖它說(shuō)。
It quoted analysis suggesting that a 10 per cent appreciation of the renminbi would reduce labour intensive exports from China and ―processed‖ exports by less than 4 per cent.―But a 10 per cent appreciation of all East and South East Asian currencies would reduce processed exports from [China] by 10 per cent,‖ it said.Good morning.It is an honor for me to join this distinguished group of leaders from nations around the world.We come here in Copenhagen because climate change poses a grave and growing danger to our people.All of you would not be here unless youwere convinced that this danger is real.This is not fiction, it is science.Unchecked, climate change will pose unacceptable risks to our security, our economies, and our planet.This much we know.早上好。十分榮幸能與世界各國(guó)尊貴的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人匯聚一堂。我們來(lái)到哥本哈根,是因?yàn)闅夂蜃兓瘜?duì)各國(guó)人民構(gòu)成的嚴(yán)重威脅與日俱增。諸位如果不相信這一危險(xiǎn)確實(shí)存在,你們──同我一樣──都不會(huì)來(lái)到這里。這不是憑空虛構(gòu),這是科學(xué)。如果不加以制止,氣候變化就將對(duì)我們的安全、我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)和我們的地球構(gòu)成不可接受的危險(xiǎn)。對(duì)此我們都了然于胸。
The question, then, before us is no longer the nature of the challenge--the question is our capacity to meet it.For while the reality of climate change is not in doubt, I have to be honest, as the world watches us today, I think our ability to take collective action is in doubt right now, and it hangs in the balance.因此,我們面臨的問(wèn)題不再是這一挑戰(zhàn)的性質(zhì),而是我們應(yīng)對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)的能力。因?yàn)楸M管氣候變化的現(xiàn)實(shí)已無(wú)庸置疑,但恕我直言,在今天全世界都注視著我們的時(shí)候,我認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在我們共同采取行動(dòng)的能力還難以確定。這個(gè)問(wèn)題事關(guān)生死存亡。
I believe we can act boldly, and decisively, in the face of a common threat.That's why I come here todayby making historic investments in renewable energy;by putting our people to work increasing efficiency in our homes and buildings;and by pursuing comprehensive legislation to transform to a clean energy economy.作為全世界最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體和排放量名列第二的國(guó)家,美國(guó)在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面有自己的一份責(zé)任,我們準(zhǔn)備盡這份責(zé)任。這就是為什么我們重新在國(guó)際氣候變化談判中發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用的原因。這就是為什么我們與其他國(guó)家共同努力,逐步取消化石燃料補(bǔ)貼的原因。這就是為什么我們?cè)趪?guó)內(nèi)采取果敢行動(dòng)的原因──對(duì)可再生能源進(jìn)行前所未有的投資;要求我國(guó)相關(guān)人員努力提高住宅和建筑物的能效;并爭(zhēng)取通過(guò)綜合立法向清潔能源經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)化。These mitigation actions are ambitious, and we are taking them not simply to meet global responsibilities.We are convinced, as some of you may be convinced, that changing the way we produce and use energy is essential to America's economic futureand only ifone that embraces the principle of common but differentiated responses and respective capabilities.And it adds up to a significant accord--one that takes us farther than we have ever gone before as an international community.減排。透明。融資。這是一個(gè)明確的方案──其原則是,共同應(yīng)對(duì),措施有別,各盡其能。所有這些構(gòu)筑了一個(gè)重要的協(xié)議──可以讓我們的國(guó)際社會(huì)取得前所未有的進(jìn)展。I just want to say to this plenary session that we are running short on time.And at this point, the question is whether we will move forward together or split apart, whether we prefer posturing to action.I'm sure that many consider this an imperfect framework that I just described.No country will get everything that it wants.There are those developing countries that want aid with no strings attached, and no obligations with respect to transparency.They think that the most advanced nations should pay a higher price;I understand that.There are those advanced nations who think that developing countries either cannot absorb this assistance, or that will not be held accountable effectively, and that the world's fastest-growing emitters should bear a greater share of the burden.在這次全會(huì)上,我只想說(shuō),我們的時(shí)間所剩無(wú)幾。在這個(gè)關(guān)頭,問(wèn)題在于我們是共同奮進(jìn),還是分道揚(yáng)鑣;我們是故作姿態(tài),還是身體力行。我相信,許多人認(rèn)為我剛才講述的框架并不完美。任何國(guó)家都不可能得到自己希望的一切。有些發(fā)展中國(guó)家想得到援助,又不想滿足任何條件,不想承擔(dān)保持透明的義務(wù)。他們認(rèn)為最發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家應(yīng)該付出更高的代價(jià);我理解這一點(diǎn)。有些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家則認(rèn)為發(fā)展中國(guó)家或者沒(méi)有能力利用這些援助,或者無(wú)法有效地承擔(dān)責(zé)任,因此世界上增長(zhǎng)最快的排放國(guó)應(yīng)該承擔(dān)更大的責(zé)任。
We know the fault lines because we've been imprisoned by them for years.These international discussions have essentially taken place now for almost two decades, and we have very little to show for it other than an increased acceleration of the climate change phenomenon.The time for talk is over.This is the bottom line: We can embrace this accord, take a substantial step forward, continue to refine it and build upon its foundation.We can do that, and everyone who is in this room will be part of a historicendeavorbut there has to be movement on all sides to recognize that it is better for us to act than to talk;it's better for us to choose action over inaction;the future over the past-and with courage and faith, I believe that we can meet our responsibility to our people, and the future of our planet.Thank you very much.(Applause.)我們準(zhǔn)備今天完成這個(gè)工作──但所有各方必須行動(dòng)起來(lái),認(rèn)識(shí)到言辭不如行動(dòng);無(wú)所作為不如有所行動(dòng);拘囿于過(guò)去不如著眼于未來(lái)──只要有勇氣,只要有信心,我相信我們能夠肩負(fù)起對(duì)人民,對(duì)我們星球未來(lái)的責(zé)任。非常感謝。
第五篇:英語(yǔ)數(shù)字口譯翻譯練習(xí)
1.In 2001, China's GDP reached 9.5933 trillion yuan, almost tripling that of 1989, representing an average annual increase of 9.3 percent.二00一年,我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到九萬(wàn)五千九百三十三億元,比****年增長(zhǎng)近兩倍,年均增長(zhǎng)百分之九點(diǎn)三。注意triple(增長(zhǎng)三倍)這樣的以非數(shù)字形式出現(xiàn)的“數(shù)據(jù)”,特別要引起注意,類似的還有:double, quadruple [kwɑ??dru?pl]adj.四倍的;四部分的adj.四倍的;四部分的, tertiary [?t??r?ieri]adj.第三的, 高等教育的The tertiary industry in our nation has grown rapidly in recent years.近幾年我國(guó)的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)增長(zhǎng)很快。Tertiary education follows secondary education.2.Efforts will be made to quadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020.國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值到二0二0年力爭(zhēng)比二000年翻兩番。
2.The earth's moon is located an average of 239,000 miles from the earth.It has a diameter of 2,136 miles, and its gravity is one-sixth that of earth's.月亮離地球約有239,000英里遠(yuǎn),其直徑為2136英里,重力為地球的1/6 4.Unemployment has risen to over three million for the first time in six years and analysts expect the jobless total to rise by a further 40,000 this month.Manufacturing output has meanwhile steadied, after a nought point five per cent decrease last month.失業(yè)人數(shù)六年來(lái)首次突破3百萬(wàn)。專家預(yù)測(cè)本月失業(yè)人數(shù)約新增4萬(wàn),而制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量繼上個(gè)月下跌百分之零點(diǎn)五之后已趨穩(wěn)定。
注意naught(nought)point five = 0.5 naught=0 零的其他形式:zero, O, cypher(cipher), nil, nothing, love(限于網(wǎng)球比分)
5.Except Xinjiang, output value of the secondary industry of other Chinese provinces occupies more than 40% of its GDP, while output value of the tertiary['t??i,?ri] 第三的industry occupies more than 30% in most of the provinces.除新疆以外,中國(guó)其他省份的工業(yè)值占GDP的百分之四十幾,而第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值在大部分省份中占有的比值均超過(guò)30%。
6.Steel production this week totalled 32 hundred 7 thousand 2 hundred 89 metric tonnes[t?ns], down 1.4% from 33 hundred 2 thousand 1 hundred and 3 tonnes a week earlier but up 9.8% from 29 hundred 8 thousand 100 tonnesin the same week of 2003.本周鋼產(chǎn)量總數(shù)為327,289公噸,比上一周的332,103公噸下降1.4%,而與2003年同一周的數(shù)據(jù)298,100公噸比較增加了9.8%。
7.The amount of savings of urban and rural residents have increased over 71.4 per cent from 21.06 billion yuan in 1978 to 1,520.35 billion yuan in 1993.城鄉(xiāng)居民的儲(chǔ)蓄從1978年的210億6千萬(wàn)元增加到1993年的1萬(wàn)5千2百零3億5千萬(wàn)元,上升71.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。
8.As compared with the same period last year, the price of rice, wheat, maize[me?z] and soybean rose by 16.2%, 18.1%, 22.8% and 29.5% respectively.與去年同期相比,米,麥,玉米,大豆的價(jià)格分別提升了16.2%,18.1%,22.8%和29.5%。9.With over 40,000 US-invested enterprises, the paid-in value of the total US investment in China now stands at 43 billion US dollars.Of the top 500 US companies, more than 400 have come to China, and most of them are making a handsome profit.今天,美國(guó)在華投資設(shè)立企業(yè)超過(guò)4萬(wàn)家,實(shí)際投資430億美元。美國(guó)500強(qiáng)企業(yè)中,已有400多家進(jìn)入中國(guó),大多數(shù)企業(yè)獲利豐厚。
10.China's GDP in 1997 amounts to US$902 billion.This figure ranks No.7 behind USA(US$7819.3 billion), Japan(US$4223.4 billion), German(US$2115.4 billion), France(US$1393.8 billion), Britain(US$1278.4 billion)and Italy(US$ 1146.2 billion).From 1979 to 1997, China's average annual growth rate is 9.8 percent, 6.5 percentage points higher than that of the world.1997年中國(guó)的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到$9020億美元,在世界排名第七,僅次于美國(guó)(US$78,193億),日本($42,234億),德國(guó)($21,154億),法國(guó)($13,938億),英國(guó)($12,784億)和意大利($11,462億),從1979年到1997年,中國(guó)的平均年增長(zhǎng)率的為9.8%,比世界平均值高出6.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)
注:billion(十億)可縮寫為bn,million為mn
11.In 1999, China's gross domestic product(GDP), which came to only RMB 362.41 billion yuan in 1978, amounted to 7955.3 billion yuan, 20-fold increase over 1978.China ranks No.7 in terms of total supply and demand and No.1 in terms of economic growth rate.1999年,中國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到79,553億元,相比1978年的3624億1千萬(wàn)元,增長(zhǎng)了20倍。中國(guó)在總供給和需求方面排名世界第七,而在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率上排名第一
注:20-fold 20倍
many-fold 許多倍
12.China hit 9.1 percent in GDP growth in 2003, despite the impact of SARS epidemic[?ep??dem?k]n.傳染病, a record since the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s.盡管有非典的影響,2003年中國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)率達(dá)9.1%,創(chuàng)18世紀(jì)90年代后期亞洲金融危機(jī)以來(lái)的最高紀(jì)錄。
13.China contributed to about four percent of the world's total GDP in 2003 by consuming 7.4 percent of the oil, 31 percent of the coal, 27 percent of steel, 25 percent of alumina [??lu?m?n?]氧化鋁and 40 percent of the cement[s??ment]水泥, consumed worldwide.2003年中國(guó)的GDP是世界總GDP的4%,消耗了世界7.4%的油,3.1%的煤,27%的鋼,25%的氧化鋁和40%的水泥.