第一篇:高一英語必修一必背句型
高一英語必修一必背句型
1)It was the first time in a year and a half tnight face to face.(從句時(shí)態(tài)用完成時(shí))這是我睹夜晚。
2)I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been ableso long that I’ve grown so crazy about everythin(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無法出門的與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。
3)I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleorder to have a good look at the moon for once晚上,我熬到11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺,為的是獨(dú)自好好看4)Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks yoin the end-of-term exam.(非限制性定語從句)你末考試中幫他作弊,這個(gè)朋友平常不認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。
5)If you have some trouble(in)getting along you can write to the editor and ask for advice相處上有問題,你可以寫信給編輯向他征求建議。6)Add up your score and see how many points y得分加起來,看看得了多少。7)What he did has added to our difficulties.我們的困難。
8)His income adds up to $1000 a month.他每月的9)It's no pleasure looking through these any lois one thing that really must be experienced.趣,因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨汅w驗(yàn)的。
10)Why is she so concerned about his attitude什么那么關(guān)注他對(duì)她的工作的看法?
11)The police asked him to set down what he had警察讓他在報(bào)告中寫下他所看見的事情。
12)As I was about to go out and search for him, in.正當(dāng)我打算出去找他時(shí),他恰巧進(jìn)來。
13)Mr.Jones lives alone and often feels lone人生活,常常感到孤獨(dú)。
14)We tried to calm him down, but he kept cryi靜下來,但他仍不停地哭著。
15)Does he dare(to)go out at night in such 敢在這樣一個(gè)暴風(fēng)雨夜外出嗎?
16)He would go through fire and water for his家赴湯蹈火。
17)That country suffered a heavy loss in the f災(zāi)中遭受嚴(yán)重的損失。
18)World Englishes come from those countries wan important role as a first or second language,foreign rule or because of its special role aslanguage.(定語從句)世界英語來自那些以英語為家,英語在這些國(guó)家起重要作用,或是因?yàn)橥鈬?guó)的統(tǒng)國(guó)際語言的特殊地位。19)All languages change when cultures communicat當(dāng)不同的語言互相溝通時(shí),所有的語言都會(huì)發(fā)生變化20)Actually, the English spoken between about based more on German than present day English.年到1150年,人們所說的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)21)Would you please come up to my flat for a v里來坐坐,好嗎?
22)Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams考試中作弊。
23)Native English speakers can understand eachdon’t speak the same kind of English.以英語作為母語的人,即使他們所講的語言不盡相同24)Today the number of people learning Englishthan even before.目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)比以25)It is the duty of a government to provide children of its country.(it作形式主語)政府的小孩提供教育。
26)Reading is one of the best ways of improving usage.閱讀是幫助你改善詞匯及其用法的最好方法之27)Giving commands is less polite than making令比發(fā)出請(qǐng)求粗魯。
28)We asked her for directions and she told us toon the left and keep going straight for two blo她告訴我們往左邊拐彎后直走兩個(gè)街區(qū)。
29)He knows several languages, such as English,他懂幾種語言,例如英語、法語和德語。30)My sister and I have dreamed about cycling alofrom where it begins to where it ends.我姐姐和河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅行。
31)The man insisted that he didn’t steal anythbe set free at once.(陳述語氣、虛擬語氣)這男西,他堅(jiān)持說他應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。32)She gave me a determined look ?C the kind tht change her mind.她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神——這改變主意的。
33)He is so stubborn that no one can persuade h他是如此的固執(zhí)以致沒有人能說服他做任何事。34)My sister doesn’t care about details.我的的。
35)She is a determined woman.Once she determinshe will do it well.她是個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。如果她一定要做好。
36)He recorded the important events ad his aftravel journal.在旅行日記中,他記下了重大的事37)I am not familiar with this city, because this我對(duì)這個(gè)城市不熟悉,因?yàn)檫@是我的第一次來訪。38)I don’t think it is necessary for us to g沒有必要讓步。
39)The topics of a travel journal can be diffeoften including people, things, and events less f游記的主題可以和日記不同,經(jīng)常包括那些讀者不太40)It was great fun to put up tents here.在這41)The number of people who were killed or injurereached more than 400,000.(定語從句)死傷的人42)The army organized the rescue workers to digtrapped and to bury the dead.(定語從句)部隊(duì)的人們挖出來,將死者掩埋。
43)All hope was not lost.= Not all hope was lo是所有的希望都破滅了。
44)None of us were allowed to go there.(全部否去那里。
45)He rescued the man from drowning.他救了一46)An earthquake left the whole city in ruins處是殘?jiān)珨啾凇?/p>
47)I feel highly honoured by your trust.得到常榮幸。
48)Professor Yu organized his thoughts before 于教授在演講之前組織了一下思路。
49)Many people took shelter from the rain in th許多人在百貨公司里避雨。50)It seemed that the world was at an end as the eanearly everything.世界似乎到了末日,因?yàn)榈卣饚缀鯕Я艘磺小?/p>
51)People began to wonder how long the disaste開始納悶,這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難還會(huì)持續(xù)多久?
52)They used candles all the time instead of e直用蠟燭,沒有用電。
53)The one million people of the city, who thoustrange events, went to bed as usual that nigh句)
這城市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些奇怪的情況當(dāng)常上床睡覺了。
54)We’d better prepare him for the bad news.道這個(gè)壞消息的心理準(zhǔn)備。
55)The rubbish gave out a smelly gas.垃圾發(fā)出56)I am getting in touch with him right away.57)Are you willing to do public service work w無償從事公益活動(dòng)嗎?
58)Do you easily lose heart when you are in t中時(shí)容易喪失信心嗎?
59)The time when I first met him was a very diflife.第一次見到他的時(shí)候是在我一生中非常艱難的60)It is a doctor’s job to advise patients on h生的職責(zé)就是向病人提供有關(guān)健康的建議。
61)As a matter of fact, I was worried about wheof work.事實(shí)上我擔(dān)心我是不是會(huì)失業(yè)。
62)After getting up, he always drinks a glass believes is good for his health.(非限制性定語他都喝一杯水,他認(rèn)為這對(duì)他的身體有好處。
63)The last thirty years have seen the greatestopping our rights and progress, until today we hwhere we have almost no rights at all.(定語從出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利,阻擋我們的進(jìn)步,處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。
64)In his life, he has always tried to help tfortunate than himself.(定語從句)在他的一生那些比他不幸的人。
65)Only then did we decide to answer violence 裝句)只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。66)Only some of the children seemed to have u只有一部分孩子明白。
67)The school where I studied only two years waaway.那所我僅僅讀了兩年的學(xué)校有三公里遠(yuǎn)。(定68)The parts of town where they lived were placpeople.(過去分詞作后置定語)他們?cè)诔抢锏淖≌瑓^(qū)69)Before he came to power, he was once put in在掌權(quán)之前,他曾經(jīng)坐了幾年牢。
70)This was my reward after working all my liffor the Blacks.這是我畢生為爭(zhēng)取黑人的平等權(quán)利而71)He was sentenced to three years in prison 偷竊被判處三年監(jiān)禁。
72)He set up a black law firm to help those poo開設(shè)了一間黑人律師事務(wù)所幫助那些窮苦的黑人。73)In 1963, I helped him blow up some governm1963年,我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽恰?/p>
74)My family could not continue to pay my scho法繼續(xù)支付我的學(xué)費(fèi)。
75)He taught us during the lunch breaks and thshould have been asleep.(虛擬語氣)在午餐的休應(yīng)該睡覺的時(shí)候他教授我們。
第二篇:高一英語必修一必背句型和詞組總結(jié)
高一英語必修一必背句型和詞組總結(jié)高一英語必修一必背句型
1)It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.(從句時(shí)態(tài)用完成時(shí))這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。
2)I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無法出門的緣故,我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。
3)I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.有一天晚上,我熬到11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺,為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮一次。
4)Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.(非限制性定語從句)你的一個(gè)朋友叫你在期末考試中幫他作弊,這個(gè)朋友平常不認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。5)If you have some trouble(in)getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice.如果你在和朋友的相處上有問題,你可以寫信給編輯向他征求建議。
6)Add up your score and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起來,看看得了多少。
7)What he did has added to our difficulties.他的所作所為增加了我們的困難。
8)His income adds up to $1000 a month.他每月的收入共計(jì)1000美元。
9)It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.觀看這些已不再是樂趣,因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨汅w驗(yàn)的。
10)Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她為什么那么關(guān)注他對(duì)她的工作的看法?
11)The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report.警察讓他在報(bào)告中寫下他所看見的事情。
12)As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in.正當(dāng)我打算出去找他時(shí),他恰巧進(jìn)來。
13)Mr.Jones lives alone and often feels lonely.瓊斯先生單獨(dú)一人生活,常常感到孤獨(dú)。
14)We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.我們?cè)噲D讓他平靜下來,但他仍不停地哭著。
15)Does he dare(to)go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在這樣一個(gè)暴風(fēng)雨夜外出嗎?
16)He would go through fire and water for his country.他愿為國(guó)家赴湯蹈火。
17)That country suffered a heavy loss in the flood.那個(gè)國(guó)家在水災(zāi)中遭受嚴(yán)重的損失。
18)World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.(定語從句)世界英語來自那些以英語為第一或第二語言的國(guó)家,英語在這些國(guó)家起重要作用,或是因?yàn)橥鈬?guó)的統(tǒng)治,或是因?yàn)槠渥鳛閲?guó)際語言的特殊地位。
19)All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.當(dāng)不同的語言互相溝通時(shí),所有的語言都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。20)Actually, the English spoken between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more on German than present day English.實(shí)際上,從公元450年到1150年,人們所說的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的,而現(xiàn)代英語不是。
21)Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 請(qǐng)到我的公寓里來坐坐,好嗎?
22)Believe it or not, he cheated in the exams.信不信由你,他在考試中作弊。
23)Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英語作為母語的人,即使他們所講的語言不盡相同,也可以互相交流。
24)Today the number of people learning English in China is larger than even before.目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)比以往任何時(shí)候都多。
25)It is the duty of a government to provide education for the children of its country.(it作形式主語)政府的責(zé)任是為其國(guó)家的小孩提供教育。
26)Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary and usage.閱讀是幫助你改善詞匯及其用法的最好方法之一。27)Giving commands is less polite than making a request.發(fā)號(hào)命令比發(fā)出請(qǐng)求粗魯。
28)We asked her for directions and she told us to go round the corner on the left and keep going straight for two blocks.我們向她問路,她告訴我們往左邊拐彎后直走兩個(gè)街區(qū)。
29)He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.他懂幾種語言,例如英語、法語和德語。
30)My sister and I have dreamed about cycling along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.我姐姐和我一直夢(mèng)想要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅行。
31)The man insisted that he didn’t steal anything and he(should)be set free at once.(陳述語氣、虛擬語氣)這男人堅(jiān)持自己沒有偷東西,他堅(jiān)持說他應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。
32)She gave me a determined look ?C the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind.她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。
33)He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything.他是如此的固執(zhí)以致沒有人能說服他做任何事。
34)My sister doesn’t care about details.我的姐姐是不會(huì)考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。
35)She is a determined woman.Once she determines to do something, she will do it well.她是個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。如果她下決心做什么事,就一定要做好。
36)He recorded the important events ad his afterthoughts in his travel journal.在旅行日記中,他記下了重大的事件及自己的想法。
37)I am not familiar with this city, because this is my first visit.我對(duì)這個(gè)城市不熟悉,因?yàn)檫@是我的第一次來訪。38)I don’t think it is necessary for us to give in.我認(rèn)為我們沒有必要讓步。
39)The topics of a travel journal can be different from a diary, often including people, things, and events less familiar to readers.游記的主題可以和日記不同,經(jīng)常包括那些讀者不太熟悉的人和事。
40)It was great fun to put up tents here.在這兒搭帳篷真好玩。
41)The number of people who were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000.(定語從句)死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬。
42)The army organized the rescue workers to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(定語從句)部隊(duì)組織救援人員將受困的人們挖出來,將死者掩埋。
43)All hope was not lost.= Not all hope was lost.(部分否定)不是所有的希望都破滅了。
44)None of us were allowed to go there.(全部否定)我們?nèi)疾辉S去那里。
45)He rescued the man from drowning.他救了一男子使之免遭溺斃。
46)An earthquake left the whole city in ruins.地震過后,全城到處是殘?jiān)珨啾凇?/p>
47)I feel highly honoured by your trust.得到你的信任,我感到非常榮幸。48)Professor Yu organized his thoughts before giving the speech.于教授在演講之前組織了一下思路。
49)Many people took shelter from the rain in the department store.許多人在百貨公司里避雨。
50)It seemed that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearly everything.世界似乎到了末日,因?yàn)榈卣饚缀鯕Я艘磺小?/p>
51)People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.人們開始納悶,這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難還會(huì)持續(xù)多久?
52)They used candles all the time instead of electricity.他們一直用蠟燭,沒有用電。
53)The one million people of the city, who thought little of these strange events, went to bed as usual that night.(非限制性定語從句)
這城市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些奇怪的情況當(dāng)一回事,當(dāng)天晚上照常上床睡覺了。
54)We’d better prepare him for the bad news.我們最好讓他做好知道這個(gè)壞消息的心理準(zhǔn)備。
55)The rubbish gave out a smelly gas.垃圾發(fā)出一陣臭味。56)I am getting in touch with him right away.我馬上跟他聯(lián)系。
57)Are you willing to do public service work without pay? 你愿意無償從事公益活動(dòng)嗎?
58)Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble? 你處于不幸中時(shí)容易喪失信心嗎?
59)The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life.第一次見到他的時(shí)候是在我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。(定語從句)
60)It is a doctor’s job to advise patients on health problems.醫(yī)生的職責(zé)就是向病人提供有關(guān)健康的建議。
61)As a matter of fact, I was worried about whether I would be out of work.事實(shí)上我擔(dān)心我是不是會(huì)失業(yè)。
62)After getting up, he always drinks a glass of water, which he believes is good for his health.(非限制性定語從句)每天起床后,他都喝一杯水,他認(rèn)為這對(duì)他的身體有好處。
63)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.(定語從句)過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利,阻擋我們的進(jìn)步,一直到今天,我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。
64)In his life, he has always tried to help those who are less fortunate than himself.(定語從句)在他的一生中,他總是設(shè)法幫助那些比他不幸的人。
65)Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(倒裝句)只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。66)Only some of the children seemed to have understood it.似乎只有一部分孩子明白。
67)The school where I studied only two years was three kilometers away.那所我僅僅讀了兩年的學(xué)校有三公里遠(yuǎn)。(定語從句)
68)The parts of town where they lived were places decided by white people.(過去分詞作后置定語)他們?cè)诔抢锏淖≌瑓^(qū)都是由白人決定的。
69)Before he came to power, he was once put in prison for years.在掌權(quán)之前,他曾經(jīng)坐了幾年牢。
70)This was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.這是我畢生為爭(zhēng)取黑人的平等權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)所得到的回報(bào)。
71)He was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing.他因偷竊被判處三年監(jiān)禁。
72)He set up a black law firm to help those poor black people.他開設(shè)了一間黑人律師事務(wù)所幫助那些窮苦的黑人。73)In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings.在1963年,我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽恰?/p>
74)My family could not continue to pay my school fee.我的家庭無法繼續(xù)支付我的學(xué)費(fèi)。
75)He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.(虛擬語氣)在午餐的休息時(shí)間和晚上我們本應(yīng)該睡覺的時(shí)候他教授我們。
Unit 1 Friendship
be good to 對(duì)….友好 add up 合計(jì)
another time 改時(shí)間 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 have got to 不得不
be concerned about 關(guān)心;掛念 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出
share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 經(jīng)歷;仔細(xì)檢查 hide away 躲藏;隱藏 set down 放下;記下 a series of 一系列;一套 be crazy about 對(duì)…著迷 on purpose 故意
in order to/ so as to 為了 face to face 面對(duì)面地
according to 按照;根據(jù)…所說 get along with 與…相處 pack up 收拾,打理行裝
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人鬧意見;做…有困難 fall in love 相愛
throw away the friendship 放棄/終止友誼 try out 試驗(yàn);試用 join in 參加(活動(dòng))communicate with sb 和…交際 far and wide 到處
look to sth 注意,留心某事 cheat sb(out)of sth 騙取某人某物
have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的習(xí)慣 be ignorant of 無知的
1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….2.It’s because… 這是因?yàn)椤?此從句中because不能用since或as 代替
3.What do you think a good friend should be like? 你認(rèn)為一個(gè)好朋友應(yīng)該是什么樣的呢?
4.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗時(shí),你不小心讓狗掙脫了繩子,結(jié)果狗被車撞了。
(當(dāng)while, when, before, after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞省去。)5.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位無話不談、能推心置腹的朋友嗎?
6.I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我已經(jīng)很久不能去戶外,所以我變得對(duì)自然界的所有東西都很感興趣。7.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我記得非常清楚,曾有一段時(shí)間,湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花,從未使我心醉神迷過。
8.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。
9.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您給我提些建議,我會(huì)非常感謝的。(I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求)
10.It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.記日記對(duì)你來說是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
11.She found it difficult to settle and… 12.This series of readers is very interesting.13.A friend in need is a friend indeed.14.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.Unit2 English around the world
in…ways 在…方面 be different from 與…不同
play a role/ part(in)在…中擔(dān)任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色;參與
play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因?yàn)椋挥捎?such as 例如
believe it or not 信不信由你
come up(vi)走進(jìn);上來;發(fā)生;被討論 come up with 提出
come up to a place 參觀某地 ever before 從前 at the end of 在…末期 even if/ though 即使 be based on 在...基礎(chǔ)上 close to 距離…近
make(good/ full)use of(好好/充分)利用 change…into 把…變成 in the early days 在早期
from one place to another 從一處到另一處 take…with…隨身攜帶 the same…as 與…相同的 at present 目前 as a rule 通常;照例 be present at 在席;出席 carry out a rule 執(zhí)行規(guī)則 be absent from 缺席 be a native of 是…人
present sth to sb / present sb with sth be native to 是…的土產(chǎn)動(dòng)物/植物 at sb’s request 應(yīng)某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 請(qǐng)求 give commands 命令 request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一個(gè)方向
an international language 一門國(guó)際語言 an international organization 一個(gè)國(guó)際組織 in the 1600’s = in the 1600s as we know 正如我們所知
1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.(然而,他們可能不是什么都懂。)
2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(這是因?yàn)橛?guó)于1765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過印度。)3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(當(dāng)不同文化互相溝通時(shí),所有的語言都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。)4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美國(guó)人把被英國(guó)人稱作“petrol”的東西稱作“gas”。此處what引導(dǎo)賓語從句)5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(實(shí)際上,當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的,而現(xiàn)代英語不是。)6.…those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引導(dǎo)定語從句。美國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó),國(guó)內(nèi)說著許許多多的方言。)8.…there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù))9.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(對(duì)于一個(gè)中國(guó)人來說把英語說得跟以英語為母語的人一樣好是不容易的。)句型:It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 對(duì)于某人來說做某事是… 擴(kuò)充:It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 當(dāng)句式中形容詞修飾to do sth 時(shí)用for;若形容詞修飾sb,則用of.eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.附:
1.either…or…和neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞采取就近原則。2.be different in 強(qiáng)調(diào)在某方面的不同
be different from 強(qiáng)調(diào)在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后,最終 后無of 結(jié)構(gòu) 三個(gè)表示最后最終的用法:
⑴finally: 按照順序的最后,常與first, secondly 等連用 ⑵at last: 經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期曲折斗爭(zhēng)努力,終于… 如:戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等 4.與人交談,常會(huì)有聽不清楚或聽不懂的情形,遇到這種情況該如何開口呢? ⑴Pardon?
⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.對(duì)不起,我沒聽懂,請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f一遍好嗎?
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f一遍好嗎?
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 請(qǐng)你說得慢一點(diǎn)好嗎? 5.include ─ including;included identity ─ identify
actually ─ actual(adj);rapidly ─ rapid(v)government(n)─ govern(v)wide(adj)─ widen(v);broad(adj)─ broaden(v)foreign ─ foreigner;solve(v)─ solution(n)6.petrol------gas;lift------elevator;flat------apartment film------movie;sweets----candy;post------mail
Unit3 Travel Journal
one-way fare 單程票 round-trip fare 往返票
dream of/ about doing sth 夢(mèng)想做某事 graduate from 從…畢業(yè)
go for long bike rides 做長(zhǎng)途自行車旅行
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 說服某人不做某事 get sb interested in 使某人對(duì)… 感興趣
insist on(one’s)sth/ doing sth 一定要;堅(jiān)持要
the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好辦法
at an altitude of 在…海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s)對(duì)…態(tài)度
care about 憂慮,關(guān)心 care for喜歡,照顧 care to do愿意/同意做某事
change one’s mind 改變主意 to my mind = in my opinion make up one’s mind to do 決心干某事
determine to do sth(動(dòng)作)/ be determined to do sth(心理)決心干某事
give in(to)投降;屈服;讓步 give in(vt)上交
give up 放棄 give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一樣 at midnight 午夜
make camp 野營(yíng),宿營(yíng) put up one’s tents 搭起帳篷
sth be familiar to sb某事為某人所熟悉 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事 for one thing… for another(用來引出某事的理由)一則… 二則…
take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一驚
1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型:it is/ was….that….其中指人時(shí)可用who(主),whom(賓)。
2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we(should)find the source of the river.insist that….(should)+ v原形 堅(jiān)持要;堅(jiān)持要求 insist that….陳述語氣 堅(jiān)持說;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 3.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?(metaphor)4.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.Good luck on your journey.6.The lake shone like glass in the moonlight.(simile)
Unit4 Earthquakes
have time to do 有時(shí)間做某事 happen to do 碰巧做某事
shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter burst out crying/laughing 突然哭/笑起來
in ruins 成為廢墟 cut across 穿過、橫穿
blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌
rescue workers 救援人員 be pleased to do 樂意做某事
make/ give a speech 發(fā)表演說 judging….from 根據(jù)……來判斷
tens of thousands of 成千上萬 dig out 挖掘
a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面 the high school speaking competition 高中演講比賽 have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 come to an end(vi)= put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 結(jié)束某事
be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 think little of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)低
invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)高
one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% agree with sb give out 發(fā)出(氣味等);分發(fā);耗盡
agree to sth give off 發(fā)出(氣味等)
agree to do sth give away 贈(zèng)送;泄露
agree on sth 達(dá)成一致意見 give back 歸還
right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的 be known as 作為……而知名
as is known to all 眾所周知 be known for 因……而出名
as could be expected 正如可以預(yù)料到的 it is useless doing sth 干某事是無用的 happen= take place= come about= break out 偶發(fā) 有計(jì)劃 偶發(fā) 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等爆發(fā)
1.It is always calm before a storm.2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.此句為There be 句型
3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨
4.It seemed that the world was at an end.5.Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型:主語+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義
6.All hope was not lost.all 與not 連用 表示部分否定 7.It’s never too late to learn.活到老,學(xué)到老。附:分詞用法 之 作定語
falling leaves 正在落的葉子 boiling water 正在沸騰的水
fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落在地上的葉子 boiled water 開水
Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero
lose heart 喪失勇氣 worry about 擔(dān)心(動(dòng)作)
lose one’s heart to sb/sth 愛上,喜歡上 be worried about 擔(dān)心(狀態(tài))in trouble 處于不幸中 be sentenced to 被判處
be out of work = lose one’s job 失業(yè) be equal to 相等的,平等的
as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事實(shí)上 beg 乞討
blow up 充氣,爆炸
set up 建立,創(chuàng)立;設(shè)置,豎起 send up 發(fā)射,使上漲
set about 著手做某事(set about doing sth)go up 上升,增長(zhǎng);被興建 set off 出發(fā),動(dòng)身
set up 設(shè)立,建立;設(shè)置,豎起
set out 陳列,擺出;開始(set out to do sth)
be active in = take an active part in 積極參與,在……活躍for keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 為……而死
stop sb(from)doing sth die from 死于(外因)prevent sb(from)doing sth die of 死于(內(nèi)因 如:饑餓,寒冷,疾病等)
put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄
advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事 advice 不可數(shù) a piece of advice advise doing sth fight for 為爭(zhēng)取……而斗爭(zhēng) advise sb on sth fight against 為反對(duì)……而斗爭(zhēng) advise that(should)+ v原
fight with 同……并肩作戰(zhàn)/ 同……斗爭(zhēng) have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth work out 算出
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble(in)doing sth have a go= have a try be willing to do sth 樂于做某事 realize one’s dream of 實(shí)現(xiàn)…… 的夢(mèng)想 answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 break the law 違反法律 come to power 當(dāng)權(quán),上臺(tái) social activities 社會(huì)活動(dòng)
equal(adj)------equally(adv)------equality(n)violence(n)------violent(adj)cruelty(n)------cruel(adj)------cruelly(adv)educated(adj)------education(n)willing----unwilling 不愿意的 active----inactive 不活躍的
1.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接狀語時(shí)(作狀語:副詞;介詞短語;狀語從句),要使用部分倒裝------才用一般疑問句語序。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed.(從句無需倒裝,主句要倒裝)
2.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism;people’s rights;people’s livelihood.他主張三民主義:民主、民權(quán)、民生。
3.I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.the first time 用法相當(dāng)于連詞用法,用來引導(dǎo)從句 鏈接:It’s the first time that 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) It was the first time that 過去完成時(shí)
4.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.should have done 本應(yīng)做而未做 needn’t have done 本不應(yīng)做而做了 can’t have done 過去不可能做過
第三篇:高一語文必修一必背
《沁園春.長(zhǎng)沙》毛澤東
獨(dú)立寒秋,湘江北去,橘子洲頭。
看萬山紅遍,層林盡染;漫江碧透,百舸爭(zhēng)流。鷹擊長(zhǎng)空,魚翔淺底,萬類霜天競(jìng)自由。悵寥廓,問蒼茫大地,誰主沉??? 攜來百侶曾游,憶往昔崢嶸歲月稠。
恰同學(xué)少年,風(fēng)華正茂;書生意氣,揮斥方遒。指點(diǎn)江山,激揚(yáng)文字,糞土當(dāng)年萬戶侯。曾記否,到中流擊水,浪遏飛舟?
賞析;
1.這首詞通過對(duì)長(zhǎng)沙秋景的描繪和對(duì)青年時(shí)代革命斗爭(zhēng)生活的回憶,提出了“誰主沉浮”的問題,抒發(fā)了對(duì)中華民族前途的樂觀主義精神和以天下事為己任的豪情壯志。
特別是本詞的最后三句,以設(shè)問結(jié)尾,巧妙回答了“誰主沉浮”的問題。正像當(dāng)年中流擊水那樣,勇敢地投身到革命的風(fēng)浪中,激流勇進(jìn)。
2.從寫景的角度看,作者在視角角度上,有遠(yuǎn)近高低,從邏輯上,從點(diǎn)到面,由實(shí)到虛,從自然到人類。
3.上闋:“今日之游”描述的是人與自然的關(guān)系,描繪了湘江的秋景。
下闋:“昔日之游”作者同一個(gè)激進(jìn)的群體發(fā)生的關(guān)系,追憶了同學(xué)時(shí)光,抒寫了胸襟和抱負(fù)
4.崇高美表現(xiàn)于內(nèi)在方面,則為偉大高尚心靈的反映。古羅馬的朗吉弩斯在《論崇高》一文中,就提出崇高是“偉大心靈的回聲”。這首詞的下半闋著重抒情,正是這種偉大心靈回聲的抒發(fā)。這種抒發(fā),首先是通過回憶引出的。
翻譯;在深秋一個(gè)天高氣爽的日子里,我獨(dú)自佇立在橘子洲頭,眺望著湘江碧水緩緩北流.看萬座山變成了紅色,一層層樹林好象染過顏色一樣;滿江秋水清澈澄碧,一艘艘大船乘風(fēng)破浪,爭(zhēng)先恐后.雄鷹敏捷矯健,在遼闊的藍(lán)天里飛翔,魚兒輕快自如,在明凈的水底里時(shí)沉?xí)r浮,一切生物都在秋天里爭(zhēng)求自由.面對(duì)著無邊無際的宇宙,(千萬種思緒一齊涌上心頭)我要問:這蒼茫大地的盛衰興廢,由誰決定,主宰?
回到過去,我和我的朋友,經(jīng)常攜手結(jié)伴來到這里漫游.在一起商討國(guó)家大事,那無數(shù)不平凡的歲月至今還縈繞在我的心頭.同學(xué)們正值青春年少,風(fēng)華正茂;大家躊躇滿志,意氣奔放,正強(qiáng)勁有力.評(píng)論國(guó)家大事,寫出這些激濁揚(yáng)清的文章,把當(dāng)時(shí)那些達(dá)官貴人,軍閥官僚看得如同糞土.大家是否記得,當(dāng)年我們?cè)诮杏斡?那激起的浪花幾乎擋住了疾駛而來的船? 《金縷衣》杜秋娘 唐代
勸君莫惜金縷衣,勸君惜取少年時(shí)。花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝
翻譯 ;不要愛惜用金錢織成的華麗衣裳,而應(yīng)愛惜少年時(shí)光。就像那盛開的鮮花,要及時(shí)采摘。如果采摘不及,春殘花落之時(shí),就只能折取花枝了 《勸學(xué)》荀子
君子曰:學(xué)不可以已。
青,取之于藍(lán)而青于藍(lán);冰,水為之而寒于水。木直中繩,輮以為輪,其曲中規(guī);雖有槁暴,不復(fù)挺者,輮使之然也。故木受繩則直,金就礪則利,君子博學(xué)而日參省乎己,則知明而行無過矣。
吾嘗終日而思矣,不如須臾之所學(xué)也;吾嘗跂而望矣,不如登高之博見也。登高而招,臂非加長(zhǎng)也,而見者遠(yuǎn);順風(fēng)而呼,聲非加疾也,而聞?wù)哒?。假輿馬者,非利足也,而致千里;假舟楫者,非能水也,而絕江河。君子生非異也,善假于物也。
積土成山,風(fēng)雨興焉;積水成淵,蛟龍生焉;積善成德,而神明自得,圣心備焉。故不積跬步,無以至千里;不積小流,無以成江海。騏驥一躍,不能十步;駑馬十駕,功在不舍。鍥而舍之,朽木不折;鍥而不舍,金石可鏤。蚓無爪牙之利,筋骨之強(qiáng),上食埃土,下飲黃泉,用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯,非蛇鱔之穴無可寄托者,用心躁也
翻譯; 君子說:學(xué)習(xí)是不可以停止的。
靛青,是從藍(lán)草中提取的,卻比藍(lán)草的顏色還要青;冰,是水凝固而成的,卻比水還要寒冷。木材筆直,合乎墨線,(如果)它把烤彎煨成車輪,(那么)木材的彎度(就)合乎圓的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了,即使再干枯了,(木材)也不會(huì)再挺直,是因?yàn)榻?jīng)過加工,使它成為這樣的。所以木材經(jīng)過墨線量過就能取直,刀劍等金屬制品在磨刀石上磨過就能變得鋒利,君子廣泛地學(xué)習(xí),而且每天檢查反省自己,那么他就會(huì)聰明多智,而行為就不會(huì)有過錯(cuò)了。
我曾經(jīng)整天發(fā)思索,(卻)不如片刻學(xué)到的知識(shí)(多);我曾經(jīng)踮起腳遠(yuǎn)望,(卻)不如登到高處看得廣闊。登到高處招手,胳臂沒有比原來加長(zhǎng),可是別人在遠(yuǎn)處也看見;順著風(fēng)呼叫,聲音沒有比原來加大,可是聽的人聽得很清楚。借助車馬的人,并不是腳走得快,卻可以行千里,借助舟船的人,并不是能游水,卻可以橫渡江河。君子的本性跟一般人沒什么不同,(只是君子)善于借助外物罷了。
堆積土石成了高山,風(fēng)雨就從這兒興起了;匯積水流成為深淵,蛟龍就從這兒產(chǎn)生了;積累善行養(yǎng)成高尚的品德,那么就會(huì)達(dá)高度的智慧,也就具有了圣人的精神境界。所以不積累一步半步的行程,就沒有辦法達(dá)到千里之遠(yuǎn);不積累細(xì)小的流水,就沒有辦法匯成江河大海。駿馬一跨躍,也不足十步遠(yuǎn);劣馬拉車走十天,(也能走得很遠(yuǎn),)它的成功就在于不停地走。(如果)刻幾下就停下來了,(那么)腐爛的木頭也刻不斷。(如果)不停地刻下去,(那么)金石也能雕刻成功。蚯蚓沒有銳利的爪子和牙齒,強(qiáng)鍵的筋骨,卻能向上吃到泥土,向下可以喝到泉水,這是由于它用心專一啊。螃蟹有八只腳,兩只大爪子,(但是)如果沒有蛇、蟮的洞穴它就無處存身,這是因?yàn)樗眯母≡臧??!稁熣f》
古之學(xué)者必有師。師者,所以傳道受業(yè)解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能無惑?惑而不從師,其為惑也,終不解矣。生乎吾前,其聞道也固先乎吾,吾從而師之;生乎吾后,其聞道也亦先乎吾,吾從而師之。吾師道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故無貴無賤,無長(zhǎng)無少,道之所存,師之所存也。
嗟乎!師道之不傳也久矣!欲人之無惑也難矣!古之圣人,其出人也遠(yuǎn)矣,猶且從師而問焉;今之眾人,其下圣人也亦遠(yuǎn)矣,而恥學(xué)于師。是故圣益圣,愚益愚。圣人之所以為圣,愚人之所以為愚,其皆出于此乎?愛其子,擇師而教之;于其身也,則恥師焉,惑矣。彼童子之師,授之書而習(xí)其句讀者,非吾所謂傳其道解其惑者也。句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或不焉,小學(xué)而大遺,吾未見其明也。巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人,不恥相師。士大夫之族,曰師曰弟子云者,則群聚而笑之。問之,則曰:“彼與彼年相若也,道相似也。位卑則足羞,官盛則近諛?!眴韬?!師道之不復(fù)可知矣。巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人,君子不齒,今其知乃反不能及,其可怪也歟!
圣人無常師??鬃訋熪白?、萇弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之徒,其賢不及孔子??鬃釉唬骸叭诵校瑒t必有我?guī)??!笔枪实茏硬槐夭蝗鐜?,師不必賢于弟子,聞道有先后,術(shù)業(yè)有專攻,如是而已。
李氏子蟠,年十七,好古文,六藝經(jīng)傳皆通習(xí)之,不拘于時(shí),學(xué)于余。余嘉其能行古道,作《師說》以貽之。
翻譯; 古代求學(xué)的人必定有老師。老師,是用來傳授道理、講授學(xué)業(yè)、解答疑難問題的。人不是一生下來就懂得道理和知識(shí)的,誰能沒有疑惑?有了疑惑,卻不向老師請(qǐng)教,那些成為疑難的問題,就始終不能解開。出生在我之前的人,他懂得的道理本來就比我早,我跟從他,并以他為老師;出生在我之后的人,他懂得道理如果也比我早,我也跟從他,拜他為老師。我是向他學(xué)習(xí)道理的,哪管他的年齡比我大還是小呢?因此,無論高低貴賤,無論年長(zhǎng)年幼,凡是道理存在的地方,就是老師所在的地方。
唉!從師學(xué)習(xí)的風(fēng)尚沒有流傳已經(jīng)很久了,想要人沒有疑惑也難了!古代的圣人,他們超出一般人很遠(yuǎn),尚且要跟從老師請(qǐng)教(他,焉為代詞);現(xiàn)在的一般人,他們才智不及圣人也很遠(yuǎn),卻認(rèn)為向老師學(xué)習(xí)是羞恥的。因此,圣人更加圣明,愚人更加愚昧。圣人成為圣人的原因,愚人成為愚人的原因,大概都是由于這個(gè)原因吧?眾人 愛自己的孩子,選擇老師來教他;對(duì)于他自己,卻認(rèn)為跟從老師學(xué)習(xí)是羞恥的,真是糊涂啊!那些兒童的老師,教他讀書,學(xué)習(xí)書中的文句的停頓,并不是我所說的傳授道理,解答疑難問題的老師。
[1]不知句子停頓要問老師,有不能解決的疑惑卻不愿問老師;小的方面學(xué)習(xí)了大的卻丟了。我沒有看到他的明智之處。巫醫(yī)、樂師、各種工匠這些人,不以互相學(xué)習(xí)為恥。士大夫這一類人,聽到稱“老師”稱“弟子”這說法的人,就聚在一起嘲笑他們。問他們,就說:“他和他年齡差不多,懂得的道理也差不多。把地位低的人當(dāng)做老師,就足以感到恥辱;把官大的人當(dāng)做老師,就被認(rèn)為近于諂媚?!卑ィ膸煂W(xué)習(xí)的風(fēng)氣不能恢復(fù)由此可以知道了!巫醫(yī)、樂師、各種工匠這些人,君子不屑與他們并列的,現(xiàn)在君子的智慧竟然反而比不上這些人了,可真值得奇怪?。?/p>
圣人沒有固定的老師,孔子曾以郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃為師。郯子這些人,賢能都比不上孔子。孔子說:“三人行,則必有我?guī)煛!彼詫W(xué)生不一定不如老師,老師不一定比學(xué)生賢明。接受道理有早有晚,學(xué)問和技藝上各有各的專門研究,如此而已。
李家的孩子叫李蟠的,十七歲,喜歡古文,六藝的經(jīng)文和傳記他都普遍地研習(xí)了,沒[2][3]有被時(shí)代的風(fēng)氣所影響,向我學(xué)習(xí)。我贊賞他能履行古人從師學(xué)習(xí)的正道,寫《師說》送給他。(《師說》是韓愈散文中一篇重要的論說文。文章論述了從師表學(xué)習(xí)的必要性和原則,批判了當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)上“恥學(xué)于師”的陋習(xí),表現(xiàn)出非凡的勇氣和斗爭(zhēng)精神,也表現(xiàn)出作者不顧世俗獨(dú)抒己見的精神)
重點(diǎn)背誦句;
1.古之學(xué)者必有師。師者,所以傳道受業(yè)解惑也。2.是故無貴無賤,無長(zhǎng)無少,道之所存,師之所存也。
3.句讀之不知,惑之不解,或師焉,或不焉,小學(xué)而大遺,吾未見其明也。4.位卑則足羞,官盛則近諛。
5.三人行,則必有我?guī)?。是故弟子不必不如師,師不必賢于弟子,聞道有先后,術(shù)業(yè)有專攻,如是而已。
寫法特點(diǎn)
1、下定義,作結(jié)論:
作者一開篇就以一個(gè)明確的定義確定了老師的職責(zé),由這個(gè)定義出發(fā),由“解惑”說到“從師”,經(jīng)過一番推論,得出“道之所存,師之所存”的結(jié)論。層層銜接,一氣貫通。
2、對(duì)比論證:
第二段運(yùn)用三組對(duì)比:古之圣人與今之眾人,擇師教子與其身,巫醫(yī)樂師百工之人和士大夫之族。經(jīng)過雙方的對(duì)比,造成了一種強(qiáng)烈的反差效果,可以用“反而”承接上文。如:“古之圣人”才智高,尚且從師學(xué)習(xí);“今之眾人”才智低,反而“恥學(xué)于師”。通過對(duì)比,作者批判了不從師的社會(huì)風(fēng)尚,而作者的觀點(diǎn)也不言自明了。
3、引用論證,事例論證:
舉出古人從師的例子,引用孔圣人的話,進(jìn)一步論證自己的觀點(diǎn),也更增強(qiáng)了說服力。
第四篇:高一英語必修 3-4 必背黃金句型
高一英語必修 3-4 必備黃金句型
高一英語必修 3-4 冊(cè)教材總復(fù)習(xí)常見句型
第一節(jié) 基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1).The way 句式
1.You will hear the difference in the way people speak.(1-2 英語)
2.Listen carefully to the way the boy is talking.(1-2 英語)
3.I don’t understand the way that the word is used.(1-2 英語)
4.The room was completed the way she wanted it.(2-1 古跡)
5.The computer will change the way we do things(2-3 電腦)
6.I decide to change the way I work.(2-3 電腦)
7.They have built a PC the way we wanted.(2-3 電腦)
8.They could tell this from the way the bones were joined together.(2-4 生物)
9.Her work changed the way people think about chimps.(B4U1 婦女)
10.2).With+賓語 賓補(bǔ) 賓語+賓補(bǔ) 賓語
1.It has wide streets with trees in rows.(1-3 游記)
2.We went to see the temple with floors made of silver.(1-3 游記)
3.Have you ever dreamed of being in front of thousands of people, with everyone clapping?(2-5 音樂)She turned round and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her.(2-4 生物)
4.On this important feast day, people might eat cakes with “bones” on them.(B3U1 節(jié)慶)
5.The reporter showed many noodle trees with the farmers pulling noodles off them and putting them into baskets.(B4U3 幽默)
3)Leave+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語句式 +賓語+
1.They are left in peace with no hunting(2-4 生物)
2.Animals should be left in gardens.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
3.Many children were left without parents.(1-4 地震)
4.This means going back to a place where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before.(B4U1 婦女)
5.She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment oradvertisements.(B4U1 婦女)
6.I left plenty of water boiling on the fire so you can make a cup of tea.(B4U3 幽默)
7.Leaving chemicals in the ground for a long time is not good for the water supply.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))
8.Whatever the farmers grow they make sure that what is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crops.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))
9.His eyes stare at what is left of the brother’s dinner on the table(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
10.Nothing is left of the city.(1-4 地震)
11.There are only 70000 antelopes left.(2-4 生物)
4).強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
1.It is because I haven’t been outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy.(1-1 朋友)
2.It was my sister who had the idea to cycle along the river.(1-3 游記)3.It is only when we understand English that we can have a conversation with Americans.(1-4 地震)
4.It was the ship that bought you to England.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
5.We did sleep in clean beds that night.(1-1 朋友)
I do want to change the situation.(1-1 朋友)
They were not clever but they did pass the exams.(1-5 英雄)
Although they rebuilt the street, they did save the old buildings.(2-1 古跡)
It would be wrong of me not trust a gentleman such as yourself, even if you do dress in a rather unusual way.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.(B3U4 天文)
6.It was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.It was
not her success at university that has made her famous.(B4U1 婦女)
5).Time 句型
1.There was a time when a deep sky couldn’t keep me spellbound.(1-1 朋友)
2.There were times when my size was totally changed.(2-3 電腦)
3.This was a time when one had got to have a passbook.(1-5 英雄)
4.This was the time when drought hit the area.(1-5 英雄)
5.This was a time when two countries were at war.(2-1 古跡)
6.I felt bad the first time I talked to him(1-5 英雄)
7.It was the first time that I had seen the night face to face.(1-1 朋友)
8.It is usually a time when children make fun of each other but sometimes other people can get caught in the fun too.(B4U3 幽默)6).So?that?
1.He liked the Milu deer so much that he took it to Britain.(2-4 生物)
2.She was so angry that she decided not to get married.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
3.My memory became so large that I couldn’t believe it.(2-3 電腦)
4.There are so many of the Milu deer that a new park has been opened for them.(2-4 生物)
5.The chair flew away so fast that he couldn’t see it.(2-4 生物)
6.I was so excited that could hardly speak to him(2-5 音樂)
7.It was so quiet in the mountains that there was almost no wind.(1-3 游記)
8.Their balanced menus became such a success that before long Wang Pengwei became slimmer and Yong Hui heavier.(B3U2 飲食)
7).比較句式
1.The fish is about the size of a house.(1-2 英語)
Then I was the size of a large room.(2-3 電腦)
The did patient research with the trees to produce noodles of exactly the same length.”(B4U3 幽默)The noodles were always the same size(B4U3 幽默)
2.I am as big as a human.(2-3 電腦)
Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))The gravity of the moon is not as strong a pull as the earth's.(B3U4 天文)
Leaving the moon's gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth's.(B3U4 天文)
I stay as far away from polar bears as possible.(B3U5 加拿大)
Clearly it was as bad to be thin as to be fat.(B3U2 飲食)
3.It is just as much a competition to host the Games as to win an Olympic medal.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
4.Vietnam has almost seven times the population of Cambodia.(1-3 游記)
It has twice the population.(1-3 游記)
The bank-note was worth millions of dollars, but not worth one-tenth as much as how Henry felt about Portia.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
When I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(B3U4 天文)Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))
5.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))
8).同位結(jié)構(gòu)
1.Jiuquxi, a river in the shape of a snake, is green and clear.(1-3 游記)
2.He won first prize, a gold medal for the long jump.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
3.Here is the story about the dodo, an animal that has disappeared from the earth.(2-4 生物)
4.Milu deer, a species with large horns, used to be common in China.(2-4 生物)
5.In India there is a national festival on October to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.(B3U1 節(jié)慶)
6.Her name was Zhinu, the weaving girl(B3U1 節(jié)慶)
7.Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him.(B3U1 節(jié)慶)
8.They saw the covered stadium, home of several famous basketball teams.(B3U5 加拿大)
9.A few minutes later they arrived in Iqaluid, a town with a population of 6000(B3U5 加拿大)
9).倒裝句式
1.Never before in history has a city been so completely destroyed.(1-4 地震)
2.Never in the city’s history were people so kind.(1-4 地震)
3.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence(1-5 英雄)
4.I think it should not be returned.Nor do I think it should be given to the government(2-1 古跡)
5.No other country could join in, nor could slaves.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
6.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.(B4U1 婦女)
10).省略句型
It easily melts when heated.(2-1 古跡)
The word, when spoken, can have two meanings.(B4U3 幽默)
11).句子副詞 10.We can keep it because the search costs us a lot of money.Besides, any person who finds something can keep it.(2-1 古跡)
11.He has a big heart.In other words, he is very kind.(2-1 古跡)
12.I can make up new moves.After all, intelligence is what I am all about.(2-3 電腦)
13.I didn’t know they were talking about.Anyway, let’s go back to my history.(2-3 電腦)
14.I am as big as a human.In fact, I look like one, too.(2-3 電腦)
15.The animals have enemies that kill and eat them.As a result, many of them have died out.(2-4 生物)
16.The number of the deer in Britain increased year by year.As a result, Britain was able to help China.(2-4 生物)
17.As a result of the terrorists’ attack, tourism has been greatly affected.(2-5 音樂)
12)too 結(jié)構(gòu))
1.I think it’s too far north here for holiday B3U5 加拿大)
earth may become too(The hot for the lives on it.(B3U4 天文)
We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull, so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.(B3U4 天文)Many of our young people will be only too happy to work for it.(B3U2 飲食
第二節(jié) 其他句式
1.I stay awake in order to have a good look at the moon.(1-1 朋友)
2.We have a heart-to-heart talk in order to solve our problems.(1-1 朋友)
3.What do you think the Chinese team will do in order to win more medals?(2-2 奧運(yùn))
2.They do what they can to make their company bigger.(1-5 英雄)
He did what he can to stop other competitors(1-5 英雄)
4.Those countries speak English either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an
international language.(1-2 英語)
We were put in a position in which we had either to accept the fact or fight the government.(1-5 英雄)
Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family.(B4U1 婦女)
They could either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the soil over so that the weeds were covered and would rot.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))
They thought the ancestors could return either to help or to do harm.(B3U1 節(jié)慶)
5.As time went by, I realize my idea was totally wrong(2-3 電腦)
6.As the years have gone by, I was made smaller and smaller.(2-3 電腦)
7.As time went by they covered the earth.(B3U4 天文)
5.The spelling of English is more of a problem in the days before a dictionary.(1-2 英語)
6.McDonald’s provides food that is of high quality, safe and healthy.(B3U2 飲食)
The fried rice tastes of fat.(B3U2 飲食)The design was of the fancy style.(2-1 古 跡)
8.It would be wrong of me not trust a gentleman such as yourself.(B3U3 百萬英 鎊)
Well, that’s very kind of you.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
for us to thank you.(B3U3 It’s 百萬英鎊)
9.There are events like ice skating.That is why they are called the Winter Olympics(2-2 奧運(yùn))This is why I am writing to you.(2-3 電腦)
I don’t wish to share my secret thoughts with others.That’s why I thought my diary a good friend of mine.(1-1 朋友)
10.It is too high a price to pay.(2-4 生物)The earth got too hot to live on(2-4 生物)
11.The pigs were too nervous to eat.(1-4 地震)
12.10.They must leave Britain before it was too painful for them.(2-5 音樂)
13.Before the Nazis could get to the Palace, the Russians were only able to remove the furniture.(2-1 古跡)
14.11.I ask for help by writing a letter.(2-4 生物)
15.She was able to replace her usual afternoon’s work by watching some exciting sports.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
16.He became rich by being a computer bully.(1-5 英雄)
12.He wanted to be famous more than anything else.(2-5 音樂)
17.Music is more than just sound.It is a way of thinking.(2-5 音樂)
13.The more you speak English, the better your English will become.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
14.The past is not only for us to enjoy but also for the children of the future.(2-1 古 跡)
15.In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit.It has always been the custom for people to have festivals.(B3U1 節(jié)慶)
16.It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa, Canada’s capital.(B3U5 加拿大)
17.I did not realize that my homework was to change my life.(B4U1 婦女)
18.I could not wait to find out more about her.(B4U1 婦女)
19.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiao zhi and carry on her good work?
20.He wants everyone to call him a farmer, for that’s how he regards himself.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))21.As Dr Yuan proves, one dream is not always enough.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))
22.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of fields.(B4U2 農(nóng)業(yè))
23.Even today the report of the noodle harvest is remembered as one of the best April Fool’s jokes ever!(B4U3 幽默)
This was the best meals he had ever had.(B4U3 幽默)
24.I have got to go to school on Saturdays.(1-1 朋友)
25.For one thing, a journal isn’t as personal as a diary.For another, it has a different purpose.(1-3 游記)
26.There is no doubt that it was moved to Germany.(2-1 古跡)
第三節(jié) 經(jīng)典句型
1.I wish you well on your journey.(1-3 游記)
2.It is better to be safe than sorry.(1-4 地震)
3.It is always calm before a storm.(1-4 地震)
4.Only time will tell.(1-2 英語)
5.It seems you can’t win.(1-2 英語)
6.We can hardly wait to see them.(1-3 游記)
7.Thank you for your time.(1-3 游記)
8.Good luck on your journey.(1-3 游記)
9.It was great fun.(1-3 游記)
10.Sorry, I can’t follow you.(1-2 英語)
11.That can’t be true.(2-1 古跡)
12.That’s good news.Thank you for your time.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
13.Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
14.Thank you and good luck.(2-2 奧運(yùn))
15.Intelligence is what I am all about.(2-3 電腦)
This is what wildlife protection is about.(2-4 生物)
16.I had the honor to be chosen again.(2-3 電腦)
17.It was very nice of you but I can’t accept it.(2-4 生物)
18.Well done!(2-4 生物)19.I didn’t know that.(2-4 生物)
20.The good news is that great attention is being paid to wildlife protection.(2-4 生 物)
21.Without music, life is a journey through a desert.(2-5 音樂)
22.My son turned ten the other day.(2-5 音樂)
23.I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
24.What luck!(B3U3 百萬英鎊)25.Good luck.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
26.Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about?(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
27.I did not know whether I could survive until morning.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
28.If you’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
29.He is her dearest one that ever was.(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
30.He did a good job and the telescope works fine.(B3U4 天文)
31.I thought you lived in ice houses.(B3U5 加拿大)
32.I was wondering where you are from.(B3U5 加拿大)
33.Its population is increasing very rapidly(B3U5 加拿大)
34.It’s about four hundred kilometres northeast of Toronto, so it would take too long.”
35.Why is the universe the way it is?(B3U4 天文)
36.What makes a great person?(B4U1 婦女)
37.What’s there to wait for?(B3U3 百萬英鎊)
B3U5 加拿大)(
第五篇:高一歷史必修一必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)
橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)高一歷史必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)(考前三周突破)
使用說明書:
每周圈定一時(shí)期(第一周古代,第二周近代,第三周現(xiàn)代)
按照單元進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)背誦:先使用“自查點(diǎn)”查出弱點(diǎn),再結(jié)合提綱查漏補(bǔ)缺,最后回歸自查點(diǎn)審核復(fù)習(xí)效果。
第一單元 古代中國(guó)的政治制度(古代:中國(guó))
自查點(diǎn):
西周時(shí)期的政治制度的內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)、影響? 秦建立的中央集權(quán)制度的內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)、影響?
漢到元政治制度的演變的表現(xiàn)?(地方問題,中央問題)明清君主專制制度的加強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)? 古代中國(guó)選官制度演變歷程? 古代中國(guó)監(jiān)察制度發(fā)展歷程?
一、分封制
目的:鞏固國(guó)家政權(quán)
內(nèi)容:①分封對(duì)象——王族、功臣、先代的貴族,②受封者義務(wù)——服從周王的命令、鎮(zhèn)守疆土、隨從作戰(zhàn)、交納貢賦、朝覲述職。③受封者權(quán)利——職位世襲、設(shè)置官員、建立武裝、征派賦役。作用:①加強(qiáng)了周天子對(duì)地方的管轄。②擴(kuò)大了統(tǒng)治區(qū)域,開發(fā)了邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū);③形成對(duì)周王室眾星捧月一般的政治格局;④周成為一個(gè)延續(xù)數(shù)百年的強(qiáng)國(guó)。但諸侯國(guó)有相當(dāng)大的獨(dú)立性,埋下分裂割據(jù)的隱患。
二、宗法制
定義:宗法制是依據(jù)父系血緣關(guān)系的親疏來維系政治等級(jí)、鞏固統(tǒng)治的一種社會(huì)制度。特點(diǎn):嫡長(zhǎng)子繼承制
宗法制與分封制的關(guān)系:分封制和宗法制是西周政治制度的兩大支柱,互為表里。
影響:宗法制保證了貴族在政治上的壟斷和特權(quán)地位,也有利于統(tǒng)治集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的穩(wěn)定和團(tuán)結(jié)。中國(guó)早期政治制度特點(diǎn):以宗法制為核心,帶有濃厚的部族色彩。
三、秦的統(tǒng)一
公元前221年,秦滅六國(guó),秦王嬴政建立了中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的、封建專制主義中央集權(quán)的國(guó)家——秦朝。
四、秦朝專制主義中央集權(quán)政治制度的形成
內(nèi)容:①建立“皇帝”稱號(hào),確立皇帝制度。全國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事大權(quán)由皇帝總攬,從中央到地方的主要官吏由皇帝任免。
②設(shè)置三公九卿中央官制:丞相——幫助皇帝處理全國(guó)政事;御史大夫——監(jiān)察百官;太尉——負(fù)責(zé)全國(guó)軍務(wù)。
③在地方推行郡縣制:郡縣的長(zhǎng)官均由皇帝直接任免。
影響:鞏固了國(guó)家的統(tǒng)一,促進(jìn)了社會(huì)的安定和經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的發(fā)展,奠定了中國(guó)兩千多年政治制度的基本格局,對(duì)中華民族的形成起了重要的作用。
消極作用:加強(qiáng)對(duì)人民的壓榨,容易導(dǎo)致暴政,造成階級(jí)矛盾的激化。
五、漢武帝加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán)
背景:漢初郡國(guó)并行,出現(xiàn)王國(guó)問題 橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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措施:漢景帝平定“七國(guó)之亂”;漢武帝實(shí)行推恩令
作用:解決了王國(guó)問題,加強(qiáng)中央集權(quán),鞏固和發(fā)展了大一統(tǒng)局面。
六、宋初中央集權(quán)的強(qiáng)化
背景:唐末至五代出現(xiàn)了藩鎮(zhèn)割據(jù)混亂局面
措施:①軍事上收精兵:杯酒釋兵權(quán),解除朝中大將和地方節(jié)度使的兵權(quán);加強(qiáng)禁軍、強(qiáng)干弱枝。②行政上削實(shí)權(quán):派文臣任地方長(zhǎng)官;設(shè)通判負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督。③經(jīng)濟(jì)上制錢谷:地方賦稅一小部分作為地方開支,其余全部由中央掌控。
影響:①加強(qiáng)了中央對(duì)地方的控制,消除了藩鎮(zhèn)割據(jù)現(xiàn)象。②造成冗官、冗兵、冗費(fèi),埋下了“積貧積弱”的禍根。
七、唐實(shí)行三省六部制
唐朝中央設(shè)中書省、門下省和尚書省,分別負(fù)責(zé)決策、審議和執(zhí)行。三省的長(zhǎng)官都是宰相,分散了相權(quán),強(qiáng)化皇權(quán)。尚書省下設(shè)吏、戶、禮、兵、刑、工六部,確立并完善了三省六部的管理體制。
八、元朝實(shí)行行省制度
背景:疆域空前擴(kuò)大
概況:中央設(shè)中書??;地方設(shè)十個(gè)行省和宣政院轄區(qū)
意義:加強(qiáng)了對(duì)全國(guó)的管轄;加強(qiáng)了中央集權(quán),鞏固了統(tǒng)一。是中國(guó)行省制的開端。
九、明清君主專制的加強(qiáng)
明加強(qiáng)皇權(quán):①太祖廢丞相,設(shè)六部;廢行省。②成祖內(nèi)閣的創(chuàng)立。實(shí)質(zhì):是君主專制強(qiáng)化的產(chǎn)物。清朝:雍正帝設(shè)軍機(jī)處(上傳下達(dá))——君主專制制度發(fā)展到頂峰
十、選官、用官制度的變化
西周——世卿世祿制
戰(zhàn)國(guó)-秦——軍功爵制,漢代——察舉制,魏晉南北朝——九品中正制,隋唐宋—清朝——科舉制
十一、監(jiān)察制度的演變
秦代——御史大夫監(jiān)察百官,漢代——出現(xiàn)刺史監(jiān)察地方,宋代——通判監(jiān)察地方, 明清——廠衛(wèi)、六科給事中和按察使司
第二單元 古代希臘羅馬政治制度(古代:西歐)
自查點(diǎn):
雅典民主政治的形成背景、發(fā)展歷程、特點(diǎn)、評(píng)價(jià)? 羅馬法的形成發(fā)展歷程、評(píng)價(jià)?
一、希臘的政治制度
古希臘民主政治產(chǎn)生的原因:① 獨(dú)特的地理環(huán)境與小國(guó)寡民的國(guó)情;② 海外貿(mào)易和工商業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)。
城邦的基本特征是:小國(guó)寡民和獨(dú)立自主
雅典民主政治的確立歷程:梭倫改革——為雅典民主政治奠定基礎(chǔ);克利斯提尼改革——確立雅典民主政治;伯利克里改革——把雅典民主政治推向頂峰。雅典民主政治的特點(diǎn):人民主權(quán)、輪番而治。雅典民主政治的評(píng)價(jià):
積極方面:①實(shí)行民主政治,社會(huì)相對(duì)公正一些,有利于社會(huì)安定。②促成了雅典政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的高度繁盛。③為后來歐美資產(chǎn)階級(jí)建立民主政治提供了一定的借鑒。
消極方面:①婦女、奴隸和外邦移民沒有政治權(quán)力,真正能夠享受到民主的只是少數(shù)男性公民,實(shí)質(zhì)是奴隸主階級(jí)的民主。②過于泛濫的民主,容易導(dǎo)致無政府主義的泛濫。
二、羅馬法 橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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1、羅馬法的起源和發(fā)展歷程:
早期的羅馬國(guó)家只有習(xí)慣法,沒有成文法。成文法誕生標(biāo)志是《十二銅表法》的頒布。6世紀(jì),《民法大全》標(biāo)志羅馬法體系的最終完成。
2、羅馬法的評(píng)價(jià)
積極方面:①羅馬法的制定和實(shí)施維系了帝國(guó)的統(tǒng)治,穩(wěn)定了社會(huì)秩序。②羅馬法是歐洲歷史上第一部比較系統(tǒng)完備的法典,極大影響了近代歐美資本主義國(guó)家的立法司法制度;是近代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)反封建的有力武器。局限性:維護(hù)奴隸制度。
第三單元近代西方資本主義政治制度的確立與發(fā)展(近代:歐美)
自查點(diǎn):
英國(guó)君主立憲制確立和發(fā)展歷程、特點(diǎn)? 美國(guó)共和制確立和發(fā)展歷程、特點(diǎn)? 法國(guó)共和制最終確立標(biāo)志?
德意志君主立憲制的確立背景、確立的標(biāo)志、特點(diǎn)?
一、英國(guó)君主立憲制的建立
過程:光榮革命:1688年,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)取得統(tǒng)治地位
《權(quán)利法案》:1689年,確立君主立憲制,議會(huì)主權(quán),國(guó)王受限
責(zé)任內(nèi)閣制:國(guó)王統(tǒng)而不治,首相事實(shí)上成為國(guó)家政治生活中的最高決策者和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 特點(diǎn):①保留國(guó)王,實(shí)際上 “統(tǒng)而不治”的地位,作為國(guó)家的象征而存在。②國(guó)家的最高權(quán)力在議會(huì),實(shí)行代議制。議會(huì)是國(guó)家最高立法機(jī)關(guān),內(nèi)閣掌握行政權(quán)并對(duì)議會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)。
二、美國(guó)共和政體
背景:1776年,英屬北美13個(gè)殖民地獨(dú)立,美國(guó)誕生,實(shí)際上是13個(gè)州的松散聯(lián)盟(即邦聯(lián))確立:1787年在費(fèi)城召開制憲會(huì)議通過了一部聯(lián)邦憲法,貫徹分權(quán)與制衡,包括聯(lián)邦制原則、三權(quán)分立原則、人民主權(quán)原則
評(píng)價(jià):①是世界上第一部較完整的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)憲法,確立美國(guó)為聯(lián)邦制總統(tǒng)共和政體。②促進(jìn)美國(guó)近代化的發(fā)展。局限性:承認(rèn)黑人奴隸制,印第安人沒有公民權(quán),婦女地位低下。
發(fā)展:1789年聯(lián)邦政府成立,華盛頓當(dāng)選為美國(guó)第一任總統(tǒng)。19世紀(jì)中期,美國(guó)形成民主黨、共和黨輪流執(zhí)政的格局
三、法蘭西共和政體的最終確立
背景:(艱難之路)1789年法國(guó)大革命和第一共和國(guó)的建立;1870年第三共和國(guó)的確立。確立:1875年初,國(guó)民議會(huì)通過了法蘭西第三共和國(guó)憲法。
意義:從法律上正式確立了共和政體(議會(huì)制共和國(guó)),標(biāo)志著法蘭西共和政體的最終確立
四、德意志的二元制君主立憲制:
背景:俾斯麥領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,普魯士通過三次王朝戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),完成了德國(guó)統(tǒng)一。1871年,建立了德意志帝國(guó)。確立:1871年《德意志帝國(guó)憲法》
特點(diǎn):皇帝不是虛位,而是握有實(shí)權(quán)?;实酆褪紫嗾莆諊?guó)家的大權(quán)。議會(huì)對(duì)政府沒有監(jiān)督權(quán)。
第四單元近代中國(guó)反侵略、求民主的潮流(包括20課)(近代:中國(guó))
自查點(diǎn):
近代前期(1919年以前)列強(qiáng)對(duì)中國(guó)發(fā)動(dòng)的侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、簽訂的不平等條約及其影響? 太平天國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)的性質(zhì)、主要綱領(lǐng)、評(píng)價(jià)?
橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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義和團(tuán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的性質(zhì)、口號(hào)、評(píng)價(jià)? 辛亥革命的過程、意義? 新民主主義革命:
五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的背景、過程、意義? 中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨成立的史實(shí)和意義?
國(guó)共第一次合作的任務(wù)、合作標(biāo)志、合作表現(xiàn)、結(jié)果、評(píng)價(jià)? 國(guó)共十年對(duì)峙時(shí)期共產(chǎn)黨的成長(zhǎng)歷程?
抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的過程、國(guó)共第二次合作的表現(xiàn)、抗戰(zhàn)勝利的意義?
一、兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)的根本原因:英國(guó)資本主義發(fā)展的需要,要求擴(kuò)大海外市場(chǎng)和大量掠奪原料
第一次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng):1840-1842年,《南京條約》內(nèi)容:割香港島給英國(guó);賠款2100萬元;開放廣州、廈門、福州、寧波、上海為通商口岸;協(xié)定關(guān)稅。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使中國(guó)開始淪為半殖民地半封建社會(huì)。第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng):1856年—1860年,1860年英法聯(lián)軍洗劫和焚毀圓明園;簽訂1858年《天津條約》,1860年《北京條約》
英國(guó)侵占我國(guó)領(lǐng)土香港地區(qū)(條約及地圖)經(jīng)過:1842年,中英《南京條約》割占香港島;1860年中英《北京條約》割占九龍司地方一區(qū);1898年強(qiáng)行租借新界。
二、太平天國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)
過程:1851年洪秀全發(fā)動(dòng)金田起義,永安建制初步建立政權(quán),1853年太平天國(guó)定都天京,正式建立與清廷對(duì)峙的政權(quán)。通過北伐、西征,1856年太平天國(guó)在軍事上達(dá)到全盛時(shí)期。1856年發(fā)生天京內(nèi)訌。1864年曾國(guó)藩指揮湘軍攻陷天京,太平天國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)失敗。
綱領(lǐng):《天朝田畝制度》是太平天國(guó)的建國(guó)綱領(lǐng),反映了農(nóng)民要求獲得土地的強(qiáng)烈愿望,體現(xiàn)的絕對(duì)平均主義思想,嚴(yán)重脫離實(shí)際,根本無法實(shí)現(xiàn)。
洪仁玕著《資政新篇》:是先進(jìn)的中國(guó)人首次提出了在中國(guó)發(fā)展資本主義的設(shè)想
三、甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
過程:1894年甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā),主要戰(zhàn)役有平壤戰(zhàn)役、黃海戰(zhàn)役(鄧世昌犧牲)、遼東戰(zhàn)役、威海戰(zhàn)役(北洋艦隊(duì)全軍覆沒)。
1895年中日《馬關(guān)條約》:①割遼東半島、臺(tái)灣及其附屬島嶼、澎湖列島給日本。②賠償日本軍費(fèi)白銀二億兩。③開放沙市、重慶、蘇州、杭州為商埠。④允許日本在通商口岸開設(shè)工廠,產(chǎn)品運(yùn)銷中國(guó)內(nèi)地免收內(nèi)地稅。
影響:列強(qiáng)爭(zhēng)相在中國(guó)劃分“勢(shì)力范圍”,掀起瓜分中國(guó)的狂潮。中國(guó)半殖民地化的程度大大加深,中國(guó)各階層開展救亡圖存的運(yùn)動(dòng)。四、八國(guó)聯(lián)軍侵華
1900年八國(guó)聯(lián)軍侵華,攻入紫禁城,第二次火燒圓明園?!缎脸髼l約》1901年簽訂。
總之,《辛丑條約》的簽訂,使清政府完全成為帝國(guó)主義統(tǒng)治的工具,標(biāo)志著中國(guó)完全淪為半殖民地半封建社會(huì)。
五、辛亥革命
1,中國(guó)國(guó)同盟會(huì)的成立(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)、綱領(lǐng)):1905年在東京成立。是第一個(gè)全國(guó)性的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命政黨。其政治綱領(lǐng)是“驅(qū)除韃虜,恢復(fù)中華,創(chuàng)立民國(guó),平均地權(quán)”,后來孫中山把它闡發(fā)為“民族”、“民權(quán)”、“民生”三大主義。2,革命開始:1911年10月10日武昌起義
3,1912年元旦中華民國(guó)成立,定都南京,孫中山擔(dān)任臨時(shí)大總統(tǒng)
橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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《中華民國(guó)臨時(shí)約法》的頒布時(shí)間、性質(zhì):1912年春,是中國(guó)歷史上第一部資產(chǎn)階級(jí)性質(zhì)的民主憲法。(分析其體現(xiàn)的民主精神:主權(quán)在民;確立公民的基本權(quán)利;三權(quán)分立;建立責(zé)任內(nèi)閣,確立議會(huì)共和制政體)
4,1912年2月12日清朝結(jié)束
1912年3月袁世凱在北京就任臨時(shí)大總統(tǒng)——辛亥革命失敗的標(biāo)志
5,辛亥革命的功績(jī):①是偉大的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主革命。②推翻了清王朝,結(jié)束了中國(guó)2000多年的封建君主專制制度,建立起資產(chǎn)階級(jí)共和國(guó),使民主共和的觀念深入人心。③客觀上打擊了帝國(guó)主義侵略勢(shì)力。④為中華民族資本主義的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了條件
六、新民主主義革命
1,五四運(yùn)動(dòng)
五四運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)火線:巴黎和會(huì)外交失敗
五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的爆發(fā)時(shí)間、口號(hào)、中心、主力:1919和5月4日;“外爭(zhēng)國(guó)權(quán),內(nèi)懲國(guó)賊”、“廢除二十一條”、“拒絕在和約上簽字”;第一階段的中心在北京,主力是學(xué)生,第二階段的中心在上海,主力是工人。
五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史意義:①是徹底的反帝反封建的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)(性質(zhì))。②青年學(xué)生是先鋒;工人階級(jí)是主力軍;五四運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史意義:①是徹底的反帝反封建的革命運(yùn)動(dòng)(性質(zhì))。②青年學(xué)生是先鋒;工人階級(jí)是主力軍;先進(jìn)的知識(shí)分子開始在工人中宣傳馬克思主義,起了指導(dǎo)作用。③成為中國(guó)新民主主義革命的開端。2,中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的成立:
標(biāo)志:1921年7月23日,在上海召開中共一大。3,國(guó)民大革命
1923年中共三大決定同國(guó)民黨合作;1924年國(guó)民黨一大召開,標(biāo)志著國(guó)共合作形成。廣州國(guó)民政府北伐的開始時(shí)間、主要對(duì)象:1926年;吳佩孚、孫傳芳、張作霖
1927年蔣介石在上海發(fā)動(dòng)“四一二”反革命政變,汪精衛(wèi)在武漢發(fā)動(dòng)“七一五”反革命政變。大革命失敗的原因:①國(guó)民黨右派叛變革命;②中外反動(dòng)勢(shì)力聯(lián)合絞殺;③陳獨(dú)秀犯右傾機(jī)會(huì)主義錯(cuò)誤。
4、國(guó)共的十年對(duì)峙
(1)南昌起義:時(shí)間:1927年8月1日;領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人:周恩來、賀龍;意義:打響了武裝反抗國(guó)民黨反動(dòng)統(tǒng)治的第一槍,標(biāo)志著中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨獨(dú)立領(lǐng)導(dǎo)武裝斗爭(zhēng)、創(chuàng)建人民軍隊(duì)和武裝奪取政權(quán)的開始。(2)1927年毛澤東建立了中國(guó)第一個(gè)農(nóng)村革命根據(jù)地——井岡山革命根據(jù)地。(3)紅軍長(zhǎng)征的起止時(shí)間:1934年10月江西瑞金——1936年10月甘肅會(huì)寧
(4)遵義會(huì)議:1935年召開,意義:結(jié)束了“左”傾錯(cuò)誤在中央的統(tǒng)治,事實(shí)上確立了以毛澤東為核心的黨中央的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo),成為黨的歷史上生死攸關(guān)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。
5、抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
(1)1931年日本發(fā)動(dòng)九一八事變,侵占中國(guó)東北。
(2)1937年盧溝橋事變標(biāo)志著全國(guó)抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始。面對(duì)日本全面侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威脅,國(guó)共兩黨停止內(nèi)戰(zhàn),組成抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線。
(3)國(guó)民政府在正面戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)組織了淞滬會(huì)戰(zhàn)、太原會(huì)戰(zhàn)、徐州會(huì)戰(zhàn)、武漢會(huì)戰(zhàn)等多次重大戰(zhàn)役。(4)共產(chǎn)黨在敵后戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開展游擊戰(zhàn):彭德懷指揮的百團(tuán)大戰(zhàn),是抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中,中國(guó)軍隊(duì)主動(dòng)出擊日軍的一次大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役。
(5)1945年8月15日,日本宣布無條件投降,中國(guó)抗戰(zhàn)取得完全勝利,收復(fù)臺(tái)灣。
(6)抗戰(zhàn)勝利原因:國(guó)共合作,抗日民族統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線建立,中國(guó)實(shí)行了全民族抗戰(zhàn)(根本原因)橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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6、解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
(1)重慶談判:1945年8月底,毛澤東赴重慶談判,10月10日,國(guó)共雙方簽訂《雙十協(xié)定》。但人民軍隊(duì)、解放區(qū)的合法地位未達(dá)成協(xié)議。
(2)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)過:1946年全面內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā);1947年6月,劉鄧大軍挺進(jìn)大別山,揭開了戰(zhàn)略反攻的序幕與國(guó)民黨的戰(zhàn)略決戰(zhàn): 三大戰(zhàn)役:遼沈戰(zhàn)役、淮海戰(zhàn)役、平津戰(zhàn)役;1949年4月23日南京解放,統(tǒng)治中國(guó)22年的國(guó)民政府覆滅(3)新中國(guó)成立:1949.10.1 第五單元 從科學(xué)社會(huì)主義到社會(huì)主義制度的建立(現(xiàn)代的開端)
自查點(diǎn):
馬克思主義誕生的標(biāo)志? 巴黎公社的偉大意義? 十月革命的歷程和意義?
一.馬克思主義的誕生
1,背景:資本主義的迅速發(fā)展,促使社會(huì)矛盾日益激化。1825年開始的周期性資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。19世紀(jì)三四十年代,法國(guó)、英國(guó)和德意志爆發(fā)了大規(guī)模工人運(yùn)動(dòng),工人階級(jí)開始獨(dú)立的政治斗爭(zhēng),登上政治舞臺(tái)。
馬克思、恩格斯批判地繼承了德意志的古典哲學(xué)、英國(guó)的古典政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和英法的空想社會(huì)主義 2,誕生:1848年《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》的發(fā)表,標(biāo)志著馬克思主義的誕生。從此無產(chǎn)階級(jí)的斗爭(zhēng)有了科學(xué)理論的指導(dǎo),社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)更加蓬勃地發(fā)展起來。
3,實(shí)踐:1871年3月18日,巴黎革命爆發(fā)。巴黎公社是無產(chǎn)階級(jí)建立政權(quán)的第一次偉大嘗試。
二.俄國(guó)十月革命
過程:1917年3月,俄國(guó)發(fā)生“二月革命”,推翻了沙皇專制統(tǒng)治。二月革命后,俄國(guó)出現(xiàn)了蘇維埃和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)臨時(shí)政府兩個(gè)政權(quán)并存的局面。
在列寧的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,1917年11月7日,俄國(guó)爆發(fā)十月革命,推翻臨時(shí)政府,全部政權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)歸蘇維埃,建立了世界上第一個(gè)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政的國(guó)家。
意義:十月革命是人類歷史上第一次取得勝利的社會(huì)主義革命,標(biāo)志世界現(xiàn)代史的開端。
第六單元 現(xiàn)代中國(guó)的政治建設(shè)與祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一(包括26課)(現(xiàn)代:中國(guó))
自查點(diǎn):
中華人民共和國(guó)成立的背景、標(biāo)志、意義? 建國(guó)初期民主法制的建設(shè)的內(nèi)容? “文化大革命”的原因和教訓(xùn)? 改革開放以來民主法制建設(shè)的內(nèi)容?
“一國(guó)兩制”的內(nèi)涵、理論形成過程和實(shí)踐表現(xiàn)?
海峽兩岸關(guān)系的緩和的表現(xiàn)、阻礙兩岸統(tǒng)一的因素、中央政府針對(duì)臺(tái)灣問題的立場(chǎng)? 建國(guó)初期的外交活動(dòng)和外交政策? 中國(guó)恢復(fù)聯(lián)合國(guó)席位的標(biāo)志? 中美、中日關(guān)系正?;谋憩F(xiàn)?
改革開放以來我國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)和地區(qū)性組織中的重要外交活動(dòng)有哪些?
一.新中國(guó)的民主建設(shè) 1、1949年9月,中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議召開,代行全國(guó)人大職責(zé),通過了《中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議共同綱領(lǐng)》 橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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2、新中國(guó)民主政治建設(shè)主要包括:中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作政治協(xié)商制度、人民代表大會(huì)制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度。3、1954年9月,第一屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)在北京隆重舉行。大會(huì)通過了《中華人民共和國(guó)憲法》。憲法體現(xiàn)了人民民主和社會(huì)主義兩大原則,是中國(guó)第一部社會(huì)主義類型的憲法
二、文化大革命
主要原因:黨內(nèi)指導(dǎo)思想的“左”傾錯(cuò)誤發(fā)展為以階級(jí)斗爭(zhēng)為綱
表現(xiàn):“文革”中,公民的民主政治權(quán)利及至人身權(quán)利遭到嚴(yán)重踐踏,典型的事例是劉少奇冤案。社會(huì)主義民主政治和法律制度遭到空前地踐踏,最突出的表現(xiàn)是人民代表大會(huì)制度名存實(shí)亡 教訓(xùn):健全社會(huì)主義民主和法制。
三、改革開放以來民主與法制的建設(shè)
1、新時(shí)期民主法制建設(shè)的首要環(huán)節(jié)是平反一系列冤假錯(cuò)案。
2、法制建設(shè):1982年修訂《中華人民共和國(guó)憲法》,到2000年一系列法律的頒布,以憲法為核心的中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法律體系形成。
1989年《中華人民共和國(guó)行政訴訟法》的頒布和1999年《行政復(fù)議法》的出臺(tái),反映了法律面前政府與人民平等的原則,是我國(guó)民主法制建設(shè)的一大進(jìn)步。
1999年,“依法治國(guó)”被正式寫入憲法,成為中國(guó)法制建設(shè)的里程碑。
3、民主建設(shè):最突出的是基層民主選舉制度的普及,這是社會(huì)主義民主政治最基礎(chǔ)的一環(huán)。
四、“一國(guó)兩制”的理論與實(shí)踐
1、形成過程:“一國(guó)兩制”構(gòu)想首先是針對(duì)臺(tái)灣問題提出的。20世紀(jì)80年代初,鄧小平提出“一國(guó)兩制”的偉大構(gòu)想;六屆人大二次會(huì)議使構(gòu)想正式成為實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè)的指導(dǎo)方針?!耙粐?guó)兩制”就是在中華人民共和國(guó)內(nèi),大陸實(shí)行社會(huì)主義制度,港澳、臺(tái)灣實(shí)行資本主義制度。
2、成功實(shí)踐:港澳回歸的根本原因是中國(guó)國(guó)際地位的顯著提高及綜合國(guó)力的增強(qiáng)。中國(guó)政府分別在1997年7月1日和1999年12月20日正式對(duì)香港、澳門恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)。
3、臺(tái)灣問題:國(guó)共內(nèi)戰(zhàn)遺留的中國(guó)內(nèi)政問題。目前阻礙兩岸統(tǒng)一的因素一是島內(nèi)的臺(tái)獨(dú)勢(shì)力,二是外國(guó)干涉勢(shì)力。中國(guó)政府對(duì)待臺(tái)灣問題的立場(chǎng)是:和平統(tǒng)一,但不承諾放棄使用武力。
五、新中國(guó)的外交(獨(dú)立自主和平外交)
1、建國(guó)初期
外交政策:建國(guó)初外交工作的基本方針是“另起爐灶”、“打掃干凈屋子再請(qǐng)客”、“一邊倒”。和平共處五項(xiàng)原則1953年第一次提出,標(biāo)志著新中國(guó)外交政策的成熟。外交活動(dòng):1954年,中國(guó)以五大國(guó)之一地位出席了日內(nèi)瓦會(huì)議。1955年,中國(guó)參加了亞非國(guó)家萬隆會(huì)議。
2、外交新局面
(1)1971年中國(guó)恢復(fù)了在聯(lián)合國(guó)的一切合法席位.(2)中美關(guān)系:1972年,尼克松總統(tǒng)訪問中國(guó)。雙方在上海簽署《中美聯(lián)合公報(bào)》,兩國(guó)關(guān)系開始走向正常化。1979年,中美兩國(guó)正式建立外交關(guān)系。70年代外交重大突破的關(guān)鍵是中美關(guān)系的改善。
(3)中日關(guān)系:1972年日本首相田中角榮訪華,并正式建交。
3、改革開放以來我國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)和地區(qū)性國(guó)際組織中的重要外交活動(dòng)
(1)外交政策:改革開放以來外交政策調(diào)整的根本目的是為我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)創(chuàng)造良好的國(guó)際環(huán)境。20世紀(jì)80年代開始,中國(guó)的獨(dú)立自主外交政策具體表現(xiàn)為不結(jié)盟政策。
(2)外交活動(dòng):改革開放以來的外交特點(diǎn)是開展以聯(lián)合國(guó)為中心的多邊外交,活躍在地區(qū)性國(guó)際組織中。2001年由中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)創(chuàng)立的“上海合作組織”,為維護(hù)中亞和平與安全做出貢獻(xiàn)。
第七單元 二戰(zhàn)后世界政治格局的演變(現(xiàn)代:全世界)橫崗高級(jí)中學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)上學(xué)期 高一歷史必修一
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自查點(diǎn):
美蘇冷戰(zhàn)的標(biāo)志、表現(xiàn)和兩極對(duì)峙格局形成的標(biāo)志? 20世紀(jì)中后期多極化趨勢(shì)出現(xiàn)的表現(xiàn)? 兩極格局瓦解的標(biāo)志?
20世紀(jì)末開始多極化趨勢(shì)加強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)和當(dāng)今世界政治格局的特點(diǎn)?
一.美蘇兩極對(duì)峙格局的形成
1,原因:二戰(zhàn)后美、蘇戰(zhàn)時(shí)同盟因意識(shí)形態(tài)、社會(huì)制度,特別是國(guó)家利益的尖銳對(duì)立而破裂。2,冷戰(zhàn)與兩極格局的形成:
1947年的“杜魯門主義”公開宣稱要干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政,是美國(guó)“冷戰(zhàn)”政策正式開始的標(biāo)志。馬歇爾計(jì)劃是“冷戰(zhàn)”政策在經(jīng)濟(jì)上表現(xiàn),其實(shí)質(zhì)是通過經(jīng)濟(jì)援助,加強(qiáng)對(duì)西歐的政治控制。1949年美國(guó)策動(dòng)成立的北大西洋公約組織是“冷戰(zhàn)”政策在軍事上的體現(xiàn)。
蘇聯(lián)和東歐國(guó)家針鋒相對(duì),1949年成立經(jīng)互會(huì),以對(duì)抗馬歇爾計(jì)劃;1955年華沙條約組織的建立。標(biāo)志著兩大軍事集團(tuán)在歐洲全面對(duì)峙,美蘇兩極對(duì)峙格局正式形成。
3,局部熱戰(zhàn):1962年發(fā)生古巴導(dǎo)彈事件;亞洲地區(qū)發(fā)生“熱戰(zhàn)”——朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
二、世界多極化趨勢(shì)的出現(xiàn)
1,20世紀(jì)六、七十年代,西歐(歐共體)與日本的崛起,使資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域呈現(xiàn)出美、日、西歐三足鼎立的局面。這種經(jīng)濟(jì)的多極化是對(duì)美國(guó)霸權(quán)的挑戰(zhàn),也是對(duì)美蘇兩極格局的沖擊。2,20世紀(jì)60年代興起的不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起標(biāo)志著第三世界國(guó)家以獨(dú)立的力量登上國(guó)際政治舞臺(tái),開始改變了由超級(jí)大國(guó)和西方國(guó)家決定世界事務(wù)的局面。
3,西歐與日本的崛起、不結(jié)盟運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起、社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)瓦解以及中國(guó)在聯(lián)合國(guó)合法席位的恢復(fù),共同構(gòu)成了世界多極化的趨勢(shì)。
三.兩極格局瓦解和多極化趨勢(shì)加強(qiáng)
1,兩極格局瓦解:1991年蘇聯(lián)解體,標(biāo)志著兩極格局的最終瓦解。
2,多極化趨勢(shì)加強(qiáng):兩極格局瓦解后,美國(guó)不可能建立單級(jí)格局、形成獨(dú)霸世界的局面,因?yàn)槭澜缍鄠€(gè)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)力量崛起(歐盟的建立;日本謀求政治大國(guó)地位;中國(guó)、俄羅斯國(guó)際地位的改善),正在對(duì)美國(guó)形成制約。3,當(dāng)今世界格局:世界政治格局從近期看,世界格局呈現(xiàn)出“一超多強(qiáng)”的局面,并還將繼續(xù)下去;從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看,向多極化發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)。