第一篇:英文中西方的餐桌禮儀+練習(xí)題
十條應(yīng)該遵守的西方禮儀
How to behave at table in western society?
1.When helping a woman pull her chair to the table, hold it and guide it.Don't shove it against the back of her legs.為女士拉椅子的時(shí)候,要把椅子抓住了,留個(gè)角度,讓女士好走過(guò)去。別讓椅子腿碰到女士的腿。
2.If you're seated at a table with eight or fewer guests, wait for everyone to be served and for the hostess to begin eating before you dig in.At a long banquet table, it's OK to start when several people are seated and served.如果就餐人數(shù)少于等于八人,那就等所有人都坐好了,女主人開(kāi)始用餐了,再開(kāi)動(dòng)。如果是長(zhǎng)餐桌,那么只要有幾個(gè)人入座進(jìn)食了,你也就可以開(kāi)始吃了。
3.All things not having to do with food should remain off the table: keys, clutch bags, cigarette packs, sunglasses, BlackBerrys.一切和食物無(wú)關(guān)的東西都不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在餐桌上,包括:鑰匙、手袋、煙盒、墨鏡還有手機(jī)。
4.Don't snap your napkin open or unfurl it showily like it's an Olympic flag.不要把餐巾展開(kāi),看起來(lái)像是在展示奧林匹克會(huì)旗一樣。
5.If you prefer not to have wine while dining out, don't turn your glass upside down, and don't make a big deal of saying you don't drink.Simply place your fingertips on the rim of the glass and say “Not today, thanks.”
如果在用餐時(shí)你不想飲酒,不要把酒杯倒過(guò)來(lái)放,也不要很在意地宣布你不喝酒。只要輕輕地把指尖放在酒杯邊緣,說(shuō)一句“今天不喝,謝謝?!?/p>
6.If you're eating and want to take a sip, dab your mouth with your napkin to avoid staining the rim of the glass.如果你在吃東西的時(shí)候,想要啜一口飲料的話,那就先拿餐巾把嘴擦干凈了,以免在杯子邊緣留下殘跡。
7.Grabbing a bowl of salad or a saltshaker as it's being passed to someone who asked for it is the equivalent of cutting in line: greedy and rude.7.把原本要遞給別人的沙拉碗或者鹽瓶從半道截下來(lái),這基本上就等于在說(shuō):你是個(gè)既貪婪又粗魯?shù)娜恕?/p>
8.On the subject of passing: Dishes go counterclockwise, but if someone to your left asks for something, you can hand it directly to him.8.餐桌上要傳遞東西的話,規(guī)則一般是逆時(shí)針傳遞。不過(guò),如果坐在你左手邊的人想要什么東西時(shí),你也可以直接遞給他。
9.When you excuse yourself to go to the restroom, just say “Please excuse me.”
9.想去洗手間的時(shí)候,只要說(shuō)“失陪一下”就可以了。
10.When out with friends or familyit's OK to ask for your leftovers to be wrapped.But don't do it at a business lunch or dinner.10.和朋友家人一起外出用餐,即使是到很高級(jí)的餐館,也可以要求把吃剩下的食物打包帶走。不過(guò),如果是在商務(wù)宴會(huì)上,就不要這么做了。改錯(cuò)
2.People go to a formal Western dinner party the first time may be surprising by the Western table manners.Next to the napkin, you’ll find some bread and three glass which are for the wine.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little more bigger than the ones besides them.Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.For the starter, which you eaten with the smaller pair, you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left one.Although good manners always make you look good, but you do not need to worry about all these rules while you having dinner with your foreign friends.第一行:①People后加who / ② party后加for / ③ surprising → surprised 第二行:④glass → glasses 第三行:⑤去掉more 第四行:⑥besides → beside / ⑦ that → which 第五行:⑧eaten → eat 第六行:⑨去掉but 第七行:⑩去掉you或在you后加are
中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀和文化
The main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that’s only superficial.Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough.The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares.If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you’re in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes.Soup then will be served(unless in Guangdong style restaurants)to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings.If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.Perhaps one of the things that surprise a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests.In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks.This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness.It is always polite to eat the food.If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate.People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed.When you have had enough, just say so.Or you will always overeat!中西方餐桌禮儀文化差異
練習(xí):
Can you imagine the situation that a Chinese student has dinner at his American professor’s house for the first time? Let’s read the following and try to make a comment about it by asking and answering with these words or phrases above.1.What impression did he leave on the American professor and his family? 2.How did he behave at the table? 3.Did he know any about American table manners? 4.Whose fault was it that he committed such Faux Pas(失禮)in American table manners? 5.Why did other people stare at him? Was he a disabled person with two horns on his head? Did they make jokes about him? 6.What advice can we follow about table manners? 7.(1-9)練習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句
The first course is soup.He picks up the bowl, slurps it down, and, to continues the tradition of not wasting food, tips the bowl over his head to get the last drop.Satisfied, he puts down the empty bowl, lets out a burp, and exclaims: “Great soup!” Then he notices that everyone at the table stops eating and is staring at him.“Why is everyone staring?” He is thinking… “Did I just grow two horns on my head?”
No!He has just committed almost every Faux Pas(失禮)in American table manners.Okay, perhaps the scene is a slight exaggeration(夸張).But it often happens to some newly arrived Chinese.At a Chinese restaurant, it’s perfectly okay to shout, burp, and slurp.But table manners in American homes and restaurants are very different.Here are some basics for you to follow the next time you go to your American professor’s house.Don’t talk with your mouth full.No one wants to see what you are chewing.This is one of the most common mistakes Chinese makes at the dinning table.Finish swallowing before you open your mouth.What’s the hurry? The person you are talking to will still be there after you take a few seconds to chew your food.Don’t put your elbows on the table when you are eating.It’s okay to do it once you are done with your food.Don’t eat with both a fork and a knife at the same time.Americans typically finish cutting, then put down the knife and eat with the right hand to hold the fork.The British will cut and eat at the same time.Don’t speak loudly in Chinese in a restaurant.It’s considered extremely rude.Don’t burp loudly in front of others.And if you do so by accident, politely say: “Excuse me.” And last but not least… Never pick up your plate to swipe food into your mouth!Never!
There are many other rules to follow in table etiquette.But unless you are going to dine at the White House, the ones above will certainly help shed the barbarian(不文明的)image.Remember, it is okay to have funny accent but not rude behavior.In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed;not letting any of the food fall off the plate;using the knife only for cutting;and not trying to take food across the table.In other parts of the world there are also rules(1)which people should follow when they are eating, but they are not the same as those of Britain.Indeed, the things(2)that are considered good table manners in some other countries are the things(3)that British people try hardest to avoid.In Arabia, for example, the people at a feast(宴會(huì))take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly(4), which shows that they have appreciated it.In the Western countries there are differences between table manners(5), which are not so marked(顯著的).In North America it is polite to eat up meat and then put the knife down, take the fork in the right hand and eat with it.Most European people, like the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all the time when they are eating food(6)that has to be cut.In the British Isles and
Scandinavia(Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland)special knives and forks are used for eating fish.In France, Belgium and Italy, however, it is correct to keep the same knife for every course(7), which people wipe on a piece of bread.Table manners of course have changed with time.The earliest meals were also the simplest(8), which were eaten on the ground round a line, and everyone took his food from the animal or bird(9)that had been cooked.The women waited on the warriors(武士)and afterwards ate the food(10)that they left.Table manners did not always include quiet behavior.Quarrels often took place at table, and in the 17th century King Louis XIV of France ordered that only the knives(11)that had rounded ends should be used to prevent people from stabbing(刺)each other while they were eating.
第二篇:中西方餐桌禮儀差異分析 英文
There are many difference in Chinese and western table manner , but which tings lead to these difference, There may be three aspects.Different cultural connotations,different ways of thinking ,different values.Now I will explain how the values make the culture different.The value is the deepest level in the culture , is used to evaluate the behavior things by members in society, and select the most suitable principle in a few possible targets, that is the theme of culture.Therefore every country and society use the same value which is recognized.The table manners behaved by the people is a microcosm of their value.Such as China , a country which emphasize “filial” “l(fā)oyalty” reflect the value of collectivism.When we eat dinner ,we can find that Chinese people emphasize that caring the young, respecting the old.So the arrangement of the seat is regularly.In western countries , the values of individualism plays an important role.People use their own values.Embodies their personal energy This is because in Western philosophy, people tend to focus on individualism, personality development and self-expression.They believe that if one can not achieve the goal , that is not destiny ,but their laziness and lack of struggle spirit..It can be seen through the dining system, each of them eat t food on their own plate and choose their favourite food.and the scene that eating the food that hosts provide will not appear.
第三篇:中西方餐桌禮儀比
中西方餐桌禮儀比
人類的飲食文化與生活環(huán)境、生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)方式密切相關(guān)。“吃什么”的問(wèn)題與自然環(huán)境、生產(chǎn)方式密切相關(guān);但“怎么吃”的問(wèn)題如烹飪、餐具、進(jìn)餐方式以及一系列的餐桌禮儀等則反映出不同民族的社會(huì)生活樣式和文化取向。而我通過(guò)對(duì)《中西文化比》這門課程的學(xué)習(xí),從中學(xué)習(xí)和了解到了:現(xiàn)在社會(huì)禮儀無(wú)處不在,除了在日常生活中的職場(chǎng)、商務(wù)禮儀之外,大部分人經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略餐桌禮儀。其實(shí)用餐不單是滿足基本生理需要——也是頭等重要的社交經(jīng)驗(yàn)。餐桌禮儀對(duì)你我都非常重要,它在中國(guó)人的生活秩序中占有一個(gè)非常重要的地位。而中西餐在禮儀方面的要求也有許多差別,了解了兩者的不同防止失禮于人,同時(shí)也讓自己舉手投足優(yōu)雅于餐桌之間,所以對(duì)于這門課程的選修絕對(duì)是十分必要的。
通常說(shuō)到餐桌禮儀這個(gè)話題時(shí)我們經(jīng)常會(huì)聯(lián)想到西餐禮儀的繁多步驟,忽略了中餐禮儀的重要性,作為具有幾千年歷史的禮儀之邦,中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀自然也很全面的,只是在中西融合的今天,中餐禮儀慢慢被人淡化了。中餐的餐桌禮儀實(shí)際上同樣是非常講究的,而作為中國(guó)人我們首先就應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)單了解一下中餐的餐桌禮儀。
首先,中餐很講究座位的排序。如果是家宴首先是老人先入座,而且要坐首座,一般以正中為上座(即首座),至于什么是首座和正中位置則視具體情況而定;如果待客當(dāng)然是客人坐首座,而且最好左右要有陪客之人,方便招呼客人就餐。入座后不能先動(dòng)筷子,要等長(zhǎng)者和客人先起筷,你才能起筷,別看這點(diǎn)似乎很簡(jiǎn)單,其實(shí)不然。有些人也許是性格太急或是餓得饑腸轆轆,看到美食當(dāng)前就將禮儀放到一邊,自顧自得大吃起來(lái),讓人甚是尷尬。
其次是喝酒。酒文化在中國(guó)太源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)了,或許酒能拉近彼此距離,國(guó)人在待客過(guò)節(jié)時(shí)都會(huì)頻頻舉杯。在酒桌上往往會(huì)遇到勸酒的現(xiàn)象,有的人總喜歡把酒場(chǎng)當(dāng)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng),千方百計(jì)勸別人多喝幾杯,認(rèn)為不喝到一定量就是不實(shí)在?!耙跃普撚⑿邸?,但有時(shí)過(guò)分地勸酒,也是十分失禮的做法。
而敬酒更又是一門學(xué)問(wèn)。一般情況下敬酒應(yīng)以年齡大小、職位高低、賓主身份為序,敬酒前一定要充分考慮好敬酒的順序,分明主次。與不熟悉的人一起喝酒,也要先打聽(tīng)一下身份或是留意別人如何稱呼,避免出現(xiàn)尷尬局面。有求于某位客人在席上時(shí),對(duì)他自然要倍加恭敬,但是要注意,如果在場(chǎng)有更高身份或年長(zhǎng)的人,要一定先給尊者、長(zhǎng)者敬酒,這樣才能讓眾人舒服。
很重要的還有一點(diǎn)進(jìn)餐時(shí)不要打嗝,也不要出現(xiàn)其他聲音,比如喝湯、吃面的時(shí)候,一定要謹(jǐn)慎些,不要發(fā)出“呼嚕”聲,會(huì)讓人生厭的。假如打了噴嚏、腸鳴、咳嗽等不由自主的聲響時(shí),就要說(shuō)一聲“真不好意思”、“對(duì)不起”、“請(qǐng)?jiān)瓫觥敝惖脑捯允厩敢狻_@些都是中國(guó)人經(jīng)常犯得錯(cuò)誤,所以你務(wù)必要注意,別讓人以為你很沒(méi)有禮貌,這些細(xì)節(jié)會(huì)很影響你的人際關(guān)系。
中國(guó)地大物博,各地的禮儀也不盡相同。如有些地方過(guò)年的魚(yú)是不能吃的,主要是取“年年有余”的好意頭,而因?yàn)槠綍r(shí)很少機(jī)會(huì)吃魚(yú),過(guò)年做了之后只是擺一下臺(tái)面,所以你要慎重起筷。有些地方女人和小孩是不能入主席的;再有不準(zhǔn)吃湯拌飯或胡亂挑菜等。說(shuō)了這么多中餐禮儀,作為現(xiàn)代人知道西餐禮儀也是必不可少的大眾課,在這里也需要簡(jiǎn)單的介紹一下,作為基本了解的禮儀知識(shí)。
1、西餐的餐具在就餐之前基本都被主人和侍應(yīng)擺好了,只要遵循由外向內(nèi)用即可。盡量不要發(fā)出餐刀刮碟子的尷尬聲音;
2、西方人在就餐的時(shí)候很少說(shuō)話,他們的聊天時(shí)間基本是飯后甜點(diǎn)的時(shí)候才會(huì)開(kāi)始,許多人會(huì)邊吃甜品邊聊天,也有些邊喝酒邊聊,而且音量都很低??傊灰诰筒偷臅r(shí)候盡量少說(shuō)話,自然會(huì)變得很有教養(yǎng)。
3、中國(guó)人喝湯要求不要發(fā)出聲音即可,西方人亦然。在喝湯的時(shí)候發(fā)出任何聲響都是不禮貌的,你沒(méi)看到西餐廳總是很安靜嗎?所以要好好使用湯羹,記住舀湯的時(shí)候要由里向外舀,不要像中國(guó)人是由外向里舀。吃魚(yú)和吃骨頭都有特殊要求的,要弄明白才好上手,否則會(huì)好難堪啊,總之記住一條不會(huì)用刀叉吃的東西,就暫且別先動(dòng)手,靜觀形式,入鄉(xiāng)隨俗,大不了不吃這道菜嘛。
4、手機(jī):在吃西餐的時(shí)候基本上都不會(huì)開(kāi)手機(jī),除非你有非常重要的事情,而手機(jī)鈴聲都會(huì)很小聲,有電話要給大家說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”,然后起身出去聽(tīng)電話。這一條吃中餐的時(shí)候也適用,在用餐的時(shí)候聽(tīng)電話走到哪里都是讓人唾棄的。
看過(guò)中西方就餐的禮儀有什么體會(huì)呢?是不是覺(jué)得中國(guó)禮儀更講究人和人的秩序,這種禮儀是以中國(guó)倫理規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的,形式化地去表現(xiàn)和演繹,突出地宣揚(yáng)一種“人際”的理念;西方的餐桌禮儀更突出的表現(xiàn)于“人和工具”的和諧應(yīng)用,相互融合,從這點(diǎn)看來(lái)中國(guó)人比西方人更懂人情,而西方人也許更理性吧。
講到吃的禮節(jié),不同的國(guó)家或文化常存在著許多差異,亞洲人認(rèn)為挺禮貌的舉動(dòng),歐洲人見(jiàn)了可能感到很不文雅;中東國(guó)家餐桌上特殊的用餐禮儀,到了美國(guó)人的餐桌上使用起來(lái)就變成了粗魯?shù)膭?dòng)作了盡管有著許多不同,謹(jǐn)記下面的各國(guó)一些禮儀,免得出丑。在韓國(guó)和朝鮮吃飯時(shí)不能邊談邊吃,并把此作為人人應(yīng)遵守的禮節(jié),如果隨便出聲,極可能引起人們的反感。
埃及人在用飯時(shí),也忌交談,與韓國(guó)不同的是不是出于禮貌,而是出于對(duì)神的尊敬,如果不遵守就會(huì)被認(rèn)為是對(duì)神的褻瀆。在斯里蘭卡則更進(jìn)一步、吃喝都不能出聲,其中包括喝湯、喝水時(shí)也不能出聲,他們甚至把此當(dāng)作一條嚴(yán)格的禁戒。緬甸人更奇,忌禁在用餐時(shí)吹口哨或用嘴吹食物,認(rèn)為這樣做會(huì)把財(cái)源吹跑。
在沙特阿拉伯、也門和阿曼等國(guó)家的餐桌上,熱情的主人總是不讓客人的酒杯空著。表示自己喝夠了的唯一辦法,是將杯子拿在手中,向兩邊微晃,這樣主人就不再斟酒了。在保加利亞和尼泊爾,當(dāng)主人請(qǐng)外來(lái)的客人喝飲料的時(shí)候,客人如果是點(diǎn)頭,那就只好看人家喝。因?yàn)樵谶@兩個(gè)國(guó)家,習(xí)慣上點(diǎn)頭是表示“不”,而搖頭才表示“是”。
在英國(guó)、中東地區(qū)的一些國(guó)家,對(duì)主人提供的飲料,客人以不過(guò)三杯為宜。到韓國(guó)人家做客則要注意不能喝第四杯飲料,不能吃第四碗飯,不能一次上四個(gè)菜肴。西歐則規(guī)定不能上第十三道菜肴,不能十三個(gè)人同桌共餐。
在印度和中東一些國(guó)家,吃飯和拿接食品,只能用右手,絕對(duì)不能用左手。因?yàn)橐话阕笫质怯脕?lái)洗澡,上廁所的,不潔靜,所以用左手拿接食品是不禮貌的。
在匈牙利規(guī)矩就更多,如宴會(huì)忌單數(shù),尤忌13,打碎玻璃器具是兇兆,星期五是不吉祥的日子。
與英國(guó)人一起用餐,吃飯時(shí)就忌談生意,他們是不會(huì)加以理睬的。相反,美國(guó)人則可邊吃邊談,而且還會(huì)談得很起勁,成功率也比較高。
餐桌上的規(guī)矩也存在很大的差異,如歐美各國(guó)和地區(qū)之間,可以說(shuō)是千差萬(wàn)別的。以刀叉用法而言,有傳統(tǒng)的英國(guó)式,也有大為輕便的美國(guó)式,還有用手抓著吃的印度紳士。但有的普遍通用的規(guī)矩就應(yīng)注意,如果餐桌上遇到自己不喜歡吃的菜,服務(wù)員從大盤中依次分給各人的菜盤上時(shí),予以婉謝。一旦將菜接到自己的菜盤上之后,留著不吃,就不夠禮貌,還犯了規(guī)矩。
在進(jìn)餐期間,不要抽煙,要等到飯后喝咖啡時(shí),可以抽煙,如有女性同席,應(yīng)先問(wèn)聲:“可以抽煙嗎?”征得同意后,才可抽煙。如鄰座女士也要抽煙,應(yīng)先給她點(diǎn)煙,自己不要先點(diǎn)煙,待有人點(diǎn)煙,自己再點(diǎn)。
在餐桌上祝酒,無(wú)論什么樣的酒,從飲料到香檳酒等都可以用來(lái)祝酒,對(duì)別人祝酒如果自己不喝,這是非常失禮的行為。假如你確實(shí)喝不下這杯烈性酒,可把酒杯端到嘴邊做一個(gè)象征性的動(dòng)作。
另外,餐桌上不要看別人吃東西,這也是不禮貌的行為。在餐桌上還要注意一些規(guī)矩,如涉及個(gè)人私事,切忌問(wèn)及。如年齡、工資收入、是否結(jié)婚、打扮、容貌及私生活等千萬(wàn)不要過(guò)問(wèn),以免犯規(guī)矩。如遇到棘手的問(wèn)題,應(yīng)沉著應(yīng)付,態(tài)度要自然,大方。假如你陷入某種尷尬境地,需要保持冷靜,要機(jī)智地使自己能順利解圍,不失尊嚴(yán)。
換個(gè)角度來(lái)看,西方的宴客形式,從正式到非正式,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于中國(guó)。大致說(shuō)來(lái),他們有以下八種宴請(qǐng)形式:有席位的宴請(qǐng)(seated dinners),自助餐(buffet dinners),正式午餐(luncheons),招待會(huì)(receptions),雞尾酒會(huì)(cocktail parties),聚餐會(huì)(BYOB and BYOF=Bring your own bottles and bring your own food),野餐(picnics),茶會(huì)(tea parties)。
從傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗上說(shuō),中國(guó)人請(qǐng)客,不論按長(zhǎng)、尊、主、次圍桌而坐,滿桌豐盛的酒菜,主人頻頻勸酒,客人謙讓禮到。中國(guó)人覺(jué)得這樣的宴客方式才能體現(xiàn)主人的熱情和誠(chéng)懇。另外宴客時(shí)崇尚熱鬧歡快的氣氛,講究面子排場(chǎng)。排場(chǎng)之大,氣氛之熱鬧常常令人嘆為觀止。
較隨便的形式則是主人邀上三五知己,到家中由女主人炒幾個(gè)菜,小酌一番。這種隨便的宴客形式不講究禮儀,不講究坐次,不講究飯菜,只講氣氛的和諧、主人的熱誠(chéng)、主客談話的投機(jī)。當(dāng)然,近年來(lái)西方的一些宴客形式,如酒會(huì)、招待會(huì)、自助餐或冷餐也會(huì)傳到中國(guó),但這些多是官方或單位出面組織的宴請(qǐng)形式,平民百姓還少有實(shí)行。
其次,中西在宴客的觀念上有較大的差異。中國(guó)人請(qǐng)客吃飯,重在飯菜本身。宴席上的酒菜一定要豐富多彩。如果做得到,一定是山珍海味,美味佳肴。否則,很難稱的上是在請(qǐng)客。中國(guó)人宴客時(shí)重視飯菜本身起源于中國(guó)人的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀念:民以食為天;食色性也。在衣食住行四大生活要素中食為首。
西方人的飲食觀念不同于中國(guó)人,林語(yǔ)堂先生說(shuō),英美人僅以“吃”為對(duì)一個(gè)生物的機(jī)器注入燃料,只要他們吃了以后能保持身體的結(jié)識(shí),足以抵御病菌的感染,其他皆再不足道中。由于這一點(diǎn),英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的飲食文化,尤其在烹飪方面不但遜色于中國(guó),也遠(yuǎn)不如法意等國(guó)。他們的傳統(tǒng)飯菜比較單一乏味。但比較注重營(yíng)養(yǎng),力求口味的清淡和膳食的均衡。
中國(guó)和英語(yǔ)國(guó)家宴客習(xí)俗的差異還表現(xiàn)在宴請(qǐng)的禮儀上。中西都講究正式的宴請(qǐng)活動(dòng)的坐次安排。西方人請(qǐng)客用長(zhǎng)桌,男女主人分坐兩端,然后在按男女主賓和一般客人的次序安排座位。中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)上用八仙桌。對(duì)門為上,兩邊為偏座。請(qǐng)客時(shí),年長(zhǎng)者、主賓或地位高的人坐上座,男女主人或陪客者坐下座,其余客人按順序坐偏座。在中國(guó),左為尊,右為次;上為尊,下為次;中為尊,偏為次。而在西方,右為尊,左為次。對(duì)于餐桌的規(guī)矩,西方人進(jìn)餐用刀叉,中國(guó)人用筷子。當(dāng)然刀叉和筷子的用法都有各自的規(guī)矩。
最后,我還要提到中西宴客方面的另一大差異,也就是餐桌氣氛上的差異??偟膩?lái)說(shuō)是西方餐桌上靜,中國(guó)餐桌上動(dòng)。西方人平日好動(dòng),揮手聳肩等形體語(yǔ)言特別豐富。但一坐到餐桌上便專心致志的去靜靜的切割自家的盤中餐。中國(guó)人平日好靜,一坐上餐桌,便滔滔不絕,相互讓菜,勸酒。中國(guó)人餐桌上的鬧與西方餐桌上的靜反映出了中西飲食文化上的根本差異。中國(guó)人以食為人生之至樂(lè),所以餐桌上人們盡情的享受這美味佳肴。餐桌上的熱鬧反映了食客發(fā)自內(nèi)心的歡快。西方人以飲食為生存的必要條件,他們自然要遵守某些規(guī)范,以保證機(jī)器的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
通過(guò)中西餐桌禮儀的比較,不僅僅反映了各地的文化傳統(tǒng),還折射出不同民族心理、價(jià)值觀與道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、社會(huì)關(guān)系、社會(huì)禮儀和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗等方面,即西方文化主張個(gè)人榮譽(yù)、自我中心、創(chuàng)新 精神和個(gè)性自由,而中國(guó)文化主張謙虛謹(jǐn)慎、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)、中庸之道和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作;西方人平等意識(shí)較強(qiáng)、家庭結(jié) 構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,由父母以及未成年子女組成核心家庭;而中國(guó)人等級(jí)觀念較強(qiáng),家庭結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,傳統(tǒng)的幸福家庭多 為四代同堂等。
在跨文化交際中,由于文化障礙而導(dǎo)致的信息誤解,甚至傷害對(duì)方的現(xiàn)象屢見(jiàn)不鮮。有時(shí)善意的言談會(huì)使對(duì)方尷尬無(wú)比,禮貌的舉止會(huì)被誤解為荒誕粗俗。因此,研究不同文化之間的差異,研究正確的跨文化交際行為已成為不可忽視的問(wèn)題。
第四篇:中西方餐桌禮儀差異
第一張:Hello everyone, my name is 范慧建,my name is 潘文杰
Today we will introduce the difference in table manners between China and western countries to you.第二張: This is Chinese table
第三張: This is western-style table 第四張:Let’s analyze the difference between Chinese table and western-style table.Chinese table is round and it has a meaning of reunion.Western-style table is square.It has a romantic feel 第五張:This is Chinese tableware.Chinese eat with chopsticks.第六張:This is Western-style tableware.第七張: The main of Chinese tableware
Chopsticks and spoon
Chopsticks are the main tableware of Chinese food.It should be held between the thumb(拇指)and fingers of the right hand
Spoon’s main function is scoop(舀取)the food.When you get the soup with spoon.Please be careful and don’t take full soup overflow
The main of western-style tableware
Fork
knife
goblet(高腳杯)
The fork is held in your left hand and the knife is held in your right.At first you hold down the food with a fork, then cut it into small piece with knife , and then fork it into your mouth.第八張:In china, people have dinner in a restaurant.They almost aren’t concerned about their clothes.In western countries, when they have dinner to restaurant.They are very concerned about their clothes.第九張: The arrangement for Chinese food seats(中餐席位的安排)
In the banquet(宴會(huì)), the guests of honor sit on the honored seats.The host and the hostess sit on the seats opposite to them.The other guests take the rest seats in order.(在宴會(huì)上相對(duì)重要的客人坐特定的座位上。男主人和女主人坐在他們的對(duì)面)第十張:Western countries seats arrangement(西餐席位安排)
The western banquets are used to using the long table.In normal situation which both the host and the hostess attend, the host and the hostess sit on the two ends of the table.The
guests of honored sit on the right side of the hostess while the wife of the honored guest sits on the right side of the host.(男主人和女主人坐在桌子的兩端,宴請(qǐng)的男的客人做在女主人的右手邊,女的客人坐在她的左手邊)
When they leave their seat, they should be left out from the seat.(從座位的左邊走出離開(kāi))第十一張:The order of dishes in Chinese food(中餐的上菜順尋)
According to traditional manners, the meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of meat and vegetable dishes.And then the soup will be served, to be followed by dumplings or noodles or fruit.第十二張:The order of dishes in the western countries
The first dish of western is the first plate and also called appetizer(開(kāi)胃菜).What’ more, the appetizer is of high quality.Second course was soup.The kinds of soup is a little but is high nutritional.The main course as the fourth western dishes,including beefsteak and vegetable.Western desserts are followed after the main course, such as ice cream, chees, fruit and so on.第十三張:中餐進(jìn)餐禮儀during Chinese dinner :
Maintain your body straight
Your hands remain stationary 不動(dòng)
Don’t make any talk with a mouthful 第十四張:西餐進(jìn)餐禮儀
During western dinner,don’t stare at anyone
Don’t make any worse noise
When you are finished, place your knife and fork together with your fork on the left and knife on the right
第十五張:不同的思維方式
不同的價(jià)值觀
第五篇:中西方餐桌禮儀差異
中西方餐桌禮儀差異
學(xué)院:人文社科
專業(yè)班級(jí):文秘1班
學(xué)號(hào):10871106
姓名:陳雅 摘要:
餐飲禮儀是飲食文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分。由于我們所面對(duì)的是來(lái)自陌生的文化和國(guó)家,思維方式、生活習(xí)慣和行為方式與我們迥然不同的,在與西方交往的過(guò)程中不可避免的會(huì)出現(xiàn)文化沖突的現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重的影響了交往的順利進(jìn)行。餐飲禮儀在交際中占了很重要的地位。我們有必要學(xué)習(xí)分析中西方在餐飲禮儀方面的差異。
關(guān)鍵詞:餐桌禮儀 文化 差異
一.中西方餐桌禮儀差異中的中國(guó)餐桌禮儀(一)、入座的禮儀:
就宴會(huì)而言,一般都要事先安排好桌次和座次,以方便參加宴會(huì)的人都能各就各位,也體現(xiàn)出對(duì)客人的尊重。通常,桌次地位的高低以距主桌位置的遠(yuǎn)近而定。以主人的桌為基準(zhǔn),右高、左低,近高,遠(yuǎn)低。
就座次的高低而言,主要考慮以下幾點(diǎn):首先,以主人的座位為中心,如果女主人參加時(shí),則以主人和女主人為基準(zhǔn),近高遠(yuǎn)低,右上左下,依次排列。其次,通常要把主賓安排在最尊貴的位置,即主人的右手位置,主賓夫人安排在女主人的右手位置。再次主人方面的陪客要盡可能與客人相互交叉,便于交談交流,避免自己人坐在一起,冷落客人。
(二)位序講究:
1、左高右低:當(dāng)兩人一同并排就座時(shí),通常以右為上座,以左為下座。
2、中座為尊:三人一同就餐時(shí),居中坐者在位次上要高于在其兩側(cè)就座之人。
3、面門為上:依照禮儀慣例則應(yīng)以面對(duì)正門者為上坐,以背對(duì)正門者為下座。
4、觀景為佳:在一些高檔餐廳用餐時(shí),室內(nèi)外有優(yōu)美的景致或高雅的演出可供用餐者觀賞,此時(shí)應(yīng)以觀賞角度最佳處為上座。
5、臨墻為好:在某些中低檔餐廳用餐時(shí),為了防止過(guò)往侍者和食客的干擾,通常以靠墻之位為上座,靠過(guò)道之位為下座。
6、臨臺(tái)為上:宴會(huì)廳內(nèi)若有專用的講臺(tái)時(shí),應(yīng)該以靠講臺(tái)的餐桌為主桌,如果沒(méi)有專用講臺(tái),有時(shí)候以背鄰主要畫(huà)幅的那張餐桌為主桌。
7、各桌同向:如果是宴會(huì)場(chǎng)所,各桌子上的主賓位都要與主桌主位保持同一方向。
8、以遠(yuǎn)為上:當(dāng)桌子縱向排列時(shí),以距離宴會(huì)廳正門的遠(yuǎn)近為準(zhǔn),距門越遠(yuǎn),位次越高貴。
(三)、進(jìn)餐時(shí)的禮儀
先請(qǐng)客人.長(zhǎng)著動(dòng)筷子.夾菜時(shí)每次少一些.離自己遠(yuǎn)的菜就少吃一些.吃飯時(shí)不要出聲音.喝湯時(shí)也不要出聲響,喝湯用湯匙一小口一小口地喝.不宜把碗端到嘴邊喝,湯太熱時(shí)涼了以后再喝.不要一邊吹一邊喝.有的人吃飯喜歡用咀嚼食物.特別是使勁咀嚼脆食物,發(fā)出很清晰的聲音來(lái).這種做法是不合禮儀要求的.特別是和眾人一起進(jìn)餐時(shí),就要盡量防止出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象。
進(jìn)餐時(shí)不要打嗝,也不要出現(xiàn)其他聲音,如果出現(xiàn)打噴嚏,腸鳴等不由自主的聲響時(shí),就要說(shuō)一聲“真不好意思”.;對(duì)不起;.“請(qǐng)?jiān)瓫觥?之內(nèi)的話.以示歉意。
如果要給客人或長(zhǎng)輩布菜.最好用公筷.也可以把離客人或長(zhǎng)輩遠(yuǎn)的菜肴送到他們跟前,按我們中華民族的習(xí)慣.菜是一個(gè)一個(gè)往上端的.如果同桌有領(lǐng)導(dǎo),老人,客人的話.每當(dāng)上來(lái)一個(gè)新菜時(shí)就請(qǐng)他們先動(dòng)筷子.或著輪流請(qǐng)他們先動(dòng)筷子.以表示對(duì)他們的重視。
吃到魚(yú)頭,魚(yú)刺,骨頭等物時(shí),不要往外面吐,也不要往地上仍.要慢慢用手拿到自己的碟子里,或放在緊靠自己餐桌邊或放在事先準(zhǔn)備好的紙上。
要適時(shí)地抽空和左右的人聊幾句風(fēng)趣的話,以調(diào)和氣氛.不要光著頭吃飯,不管別人,也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一頓,更不要貪杯。
最好不要在餐桌上剔牙.如果要剔牙時(shí),就要用餐巾或手擋住自己的嘴巴。
(四)、離席時(shí)的禮儀
中途離席:中途離席的一些技巧,你不能不了解。和主人打過(guò)招呼,應(yīng)該馬上就走,不要拉著主人在大門大聊個(gè)沒(méi)完。因?yàn)楫?dāng)天對(duì)方要做的事很多,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)也還有許多客人等待他(她)去招呼,你占了主人太多時(shí)間,會(huì)造成他(她)在其他客人面前失禮。
普通離席:離席時(shí).必須向主人表示感謝.或者就此時(shí)邀請(qǐng)主人以后到自己家做客,以示回謝。
(五)中國(guó)人使用筷子的十二大禁忌
三長(zhǎng)兩短 仙人指路 品箸留聲 擊盞敲盅 執(zhí)箸巡城 迷箸刨墳 淚箸遺珠 顛倒乾坤 定海神針 當(dāng)眾上香 交十字 落地驚神
一. 中西方餐桌禮儀差異中的西方餐桌禮儀
西方就餐的禮儀以自然、實(shí)際為主,不講客套、謙讓,但用餐中的規(guī)矩卻很多。
(一)、進(jìn)入餐廳:
1.進(jìn)入高級(jí)餐廳,應(yīng)等候帶位,不可自行就座,最好能事先訂位。
2.西餐習(xí)慣上由左側(cè)入座,男士應(yīng)協(xié)助女士入座,坐姿端正且盡量靠近椅背,女性可將皮包置於椅背間不可置於桌面。
(二)、使用口布:
1.口布(餐巾)應(yīng)攤開(kāi)后對(duì)折鋪在大腿上,不宜扎在褲腰上或圍在衣領(lǐng)上。2.口布可用於遮油煙、防止湯汁滴落在衣物、擦嘴(用反摺的內(nèi)側(cè)來(lái)擦),但不可擦臉、擦汗、擦餐具、擤鼻涕。
(三)、西餐順序:
(開(kāi)胃酒)→開(kāi)胃菜→湯→魚(yú)類→主菜(肉類)→水果→點(diǎn)心→飲料(咖啡或茶)→*自助餐亦同
(四)、餐具的使用:
1.餐桌上擺放的刀叉有一定順序,一般以三套刀叉居多,使用原則左叉右刀,用餐時(shí)由外向內(nèi),由上而下,依次取用。2.刀叉的用法 分美國(guó)式和歐洲式兩種,美式用法是切完肉把刀放在盤子上,叉子從左手換到右手,然后用叉子叉起切好的肉。歐式用法則始終為左手拿叉,右手拿刀。
3.冷盤用叉,吃魚(yú)用銀刀叉,吃肉用鋼刀叉,吃生菜用叉,布丁或點(diǎn)心用叉或匙,水果用刀叉。
4.切肉從左邊開(kāi)始,切一塊吃一塊,不可切一大塊分?jǐn)?shù)口吃,或一次全切開(kāi)再吃。
5.吃有骨頭的肉時(shí),可以用手拿著吃。若想吃得更優(yōu)雅,還是用刀較好。6.吃魚(yú)時(shí)可以用左手拿著面包,右手拿著刀子,把刺撥開(kāi)。7.若餐具掉落應(yīng)請(qǐng)服務(wù)員拾起換新,不可撿起擦拭使用。
(五)、葡萄酒品嘗:
1.飲酒方式先觀其色,再聞其香,后品其味。
2.紅酒配紅肉、白酒配白肉、香檳可當(dāng)開(kāi)胃酒(也可佐餐)。
3.握杯應(yīng)握杯腳,倒酒不可超過(guò)1/2,不可加入冰塊,喝時(shí)先以口布擦嘴。
(六)、特殊吃法:
1.面包應(yīng)以手撕開(kāi)約一口之小塊,涂上奶油食用,不可用叉子叉。
2.洗手盅(花瓣)通常在上必須用手的菜或甜點(diǎn)之前送上,碗內(nèi)盛有溫水,還有一些小花般的飾物,用時(shí)可將雙手的手指在水中輕輕搓洗一下,再以口布擦乾。3.義大利面應(yīng)以叉子卷起,再以湯匙輔助,不可吸食。
4.在歐洲,當(dāng)?shù)谝坏啦硕松蟻?lái)時(shí)就可以吃了,在美國(guó)則要等最后一個(gè)人上好菜后才開(kāi)始進(jìn)餐。
(七)、離開(kāi)座位:
1.刀叉分開(kāi)成八字型置於餐盤上,叉在左邊面朝下,刀在右邊與叉形成一個(gè)角;不可放在桌面沾污桌巾,口布折好放於椅面上。
2.用畢將刀叉合并置於盤上的右邊或中間,離開(kāi)時(shí)將口布折好放於桌面左側(cè)。3.禮貌并婉轉(zhuǎn)告知對(duì)方,但無(wú)須講的太直接,以化妝室代替廁所。4.若需要服務(wù),可用眼神向他示意或微微把手抬高,侍者會(huì)馬上過(guò)來(lái)。
(八)、.咖啡喝法:
1.先加入糖溶解,再加入奶精,咖啡匙用於攪拌。2.杯耳轉(zhuǎn)向右,咖啡匙置於上方盛盤上,趁熱喝完。
當(dāng)今世界的禮儀內(nèi)容更加廣泛和復(fù)雜,這就需要我們?cè)诒3衷械膫鹘y(tǒng)禮儀的基礎(chǔ)上去適應(yīng)和接受西方的禮儀,我們應(yīng)在適當(dāng)?shù)膱?chǎng)合用適當(dāng)?shù)亩Y儀,既反對(duì)“全盤西化”,又反對(duì)“抱殘守缺”。我們借鑒西方禮儀,不僅僅是要借鑒它的形式,更應(yīng)當(dāng)借鑒其內(nèi)任靈魂,只有這樣我們才能建立起自己的自信和優(yōu)越感,才能確立我 的感染力。只有認(rèn)清中西方餐飲禮儀文化的差異,將二者合理有效地融合,方能建立適合中。當(dāng)代社會(huì)的禮儀文化體系,達(dá)成和持社會(huì)的理想。