第一篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程1 Unit1~Unit6課后翻譯

Unit

11)那是個(gè)正規(guī)宴會(huì)，我照媽媽對(duì)我講的那樣穿著禮服去了。

As it was a formal dinner party ,I wore formal dress ,as Mother told me to.2）他的女友勸他趁抽煙的壞習(xí)慣沿未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。

His girlfriend advised him to get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months,they have decided to increase its production.4）據(jù)說(shuō)比爾因一再違反公司的安全規(guī)章而被解雇。

It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5）據(jù)報(bào)道地方政府己采取適當(dāng)措施避免嚴(yán)重缺水。

It is reported that government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.Unit

21)半個(gè)小時(shí)過(guò)去了，但末班車還沒(méi)來(lái)。我們只好走回家。

Half an hour had gone by ,but the last bus had not come yet.We had to walk home.2)瑪麗看上去對(duì)漢語(yǔ)考試很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樗€沒(méi)有背熟課文。

Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.Since the basketball match has been postponed,we might as well visit the museum.He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through World War Ⅱ.Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985,I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.Unit

3As is predicted by scientists,global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.Competition for these jobs is very tough---we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year.3)正如事實(shí)表明的那樣，教育大綱應(yīng)當(dāng)符合國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃。

As the facts show,educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economic development.The car burns too much gas,and moreover,the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay。

5)要了解一起重大的國(guó)際事件，我們首先需要考慮其歷史與政治背景。

To understand a great international event,we,first of all ,need to consider the historical and political background to it.Unit

41.據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)，聯(lián)合國(guó)斡旋者制定出了他們希望雙方都能接受的方案。

It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.Doris walked in the forest cautiously ,afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3地震、臺(tái)風(fēng)和其他自然災(zāi)害無(wú)法防止，但可采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)生命財(cái)產(chǎn)。

Earthquakes,typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented,but action can be taken to protect life and property.I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home,anxious to amuse myself reading it.5.海倫缺乏信心。我從未遇到過(guò)像她那樣沒(méi)有自信的。

Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.Unit

5I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter,you’d better ask around.Feeling a little embarrassed,he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.邁克爾去世了，留下三個(gè)兒子、兩個(gè)女兒和妻子伊麗莎白.Michael was survived by three sons,two daughters and his wife Elizabeth.作為金融專家，威廉建議我們投資股票市場(chǎng)。

As a financial expert,William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5 我們這些小零售商無(wú)法和超市在價(jià)格和銷售等方面競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.Unit6

Before I went off to university ,my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom wich impressed me deeply.Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.迫于工會(huì)的壓力，資方同意給工人增加10%的工資。

The management has agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.

第二篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程4課后翻譯

：Mr.Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumnharvest in on the farm.：We must not underestimate the enemy.They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.：Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.：Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.Unit2：There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.：The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently.：The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Unit3Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.：Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out)that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.：We have the technology and our partner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations.You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.Unit4：Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy, John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere.：Ilike hiring young people.They are earnest learners and committed to work.：Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children, Mary cares more about her personal growth.4.有一大批同事們和你意見(jiàn)不合，這是怎么回事：Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you?

5.中國(guó)政府出臺(tái)了一系列政策以加強(qiáng)同發(fā)展中國(guó)家的合作：The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries.我的直覺(jué)是亨利會(huì)設(shè)法參加這次探險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗幸稽c(diǎn)冒險(xiǎn)家的氣質(zhì)：I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.2.即使置身于一個(gè)嘈雜的環(huán)境中，他也能堅(jiān)持做手頭的工作：He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3.這個(gè)商標(biāo)是依據(jù)迄今有效的法律注冊(cè)的：The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4.奇怪的是，許多人資源幫助組織會(huì)議，但是只有少數(shù)幾人到場(chǎng)：Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only a few turned up.The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.4.可怕的爆炸引起了一場(chǎng)大火，并造成這棟大樓部分坍塌：The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.Some high-ranking officers of the armed forces started a coup, toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos.2.下滑的市場(chǎng)粉碎了她快速致富的幻想：The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly.Thinking back on the history of World War II, we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then.：Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic.But as he was in no mood for q quarrel not in a quarreling mood, he simply pretended not to hear it.：People say that time heals all wounds.But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event, will time fill up the void in their hearts?

：Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on their first date.：At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, but before long they were out of sight.3.足球隊(duì)員一下飛機(jī)，就見(jiàn)一個(gè)車隊(duì)在等待著他們的到來(lái)：The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waiting for their arrival.4.卡森譴責(zé)他的對(duì)手用誤導(dǎo)的信息來(lái)玷污他的人品：Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character.5.亞歷克斯將一個(gè)塞滿鈔票的錢包交給了警察。他說(shuō)他是在跳下校車時(shí)在馬路邊上撿到的：Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes.He said he had found it on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.丙晨工作室制

第三篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程1 課后翻譯及答案

《全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程1 課后翻譯及答案》

Unit 1 Growing Up 為自己而寫 ——拉塞爾·貝克

從孩提時(shí)代，我還住在貝爾維爾時(shí)，我的腦子里就斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地轉(zhuǎn)著當(dāng)作家的念頭，但直等到我高中三年級(jí)，這一想法才有了實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能。在這之前，我對(duì)所有跟英文課沾邊的事都感到膩味。我覺(jué)得英文語(yǔ)法枯燥難懂。我痛恨那些長(zhǎng)而乏味的段落寫作，老師讀著受累，我寫著痛苦。弗利格爾先生接我們的高三英文課時(shí)，我就準(zhǔn)備著在這門最最單調(diào)乏味的課上再熬上沉悶的一年。弗利格爾先生在學(xué)生中以其說(shuō)話干巴和激勵(lì)學(xué)生無(wú)術(shù)而出名。據(jù)說(shuō)他拘謹(jǐn)刻板，完全落后于時(shí)代。我看他有六七十歲了，古板之極。他戴著古板的毫無(wú)裝飾的眼鏡，微微卷曲的頭發(fā)剪得筆齊，梳得紋絲不亂。他身穿古板的套裝，領(lǐng)帶端端正正地頂著白襯衣的領(lǐng)扣。他長(zhǎng)著古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，說(shuō)起話來(lái)一本正經(jīng)，字斟句酌，彬彬有禮，活脫脫一個(gè)滑稽的老古董。

我作好準(zhǔn)備，打算在弗利格爾先生的班上一無(wú)所獲地混上一年，不少日子過(guò)去了，還真不出所料。后半學(xué)期我們學(xué)寫隨筆小品文。弗利格爾先生發(fā)下一張家庭作業(yè)紙，出了不少題目供我們選擇。像“暑假二三事”那樣傻乎乎的題目倒是一個(gè)也沒(méi)有，但絕大多數(shù)一樣乏味。我把作文題帶回家，一直沒(méi)寫，直到要交作業(yè)的前一天晚上。我躺在沙發(fā)上，最終不得不面對(duì)這一討厭的功課，便從筆記本里抽出作文題目單粗粗一看。我的目光落在“吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)”這個(gè)題目上。這個(gè)題目在我腦海里喚起了一連串不同尋常的圖像。貝爾維爾之夜的清晰的回憶如潮水一般涌來(lái)，當(dāng)時(shí)，我們大家一起圍坐在晚餐桌旁——艾倫舅舅、我母親、查理舅舅、多麗絲、哈爾舅舅——帕特舅媽晚飯做的是意大利細(xì)面條。那時(shí)意大利細(xì)面條還是很少聽(tīng)說(shuō)的異國(guó)食品。多麗絲和我都還從來(lái)沒(méi)吃過(guò)，在座的大人也是經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，沒(méi)有一個(gè)吃起來(lái)得心應(yīng)手的。艾倫舅舅家詼諧有趣的場(chǎng)景全都重現(xiàn)在我的腦海中，我回想起來(lái)，當(dāng)晚我們笑作一團(tuán)，爭(zhēng)論著該如何地把面條從盤子上送到嘴里才算合乎禮儀。

突然我就想描述那一切，描述當(dāng)時(shí)那種溫馨美好的氣氛，但我把它寫下來(lái)僅僅是想自得其樂(lè)，而不是為弗利格爾先生而寫。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一個(gè)時(shí)刻。我想重溫那個(gè)夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那樣去寫，就會(huì)違反我在學(xué)校里學(xué)的正式作文的種種法則，弗利格爾先生也肯定會(huì)打它一個(gè)不及格。沒(méi)關(guān)系。等我為自己寫好了之后，我可以再為弗利格爾先生寫點(diǎn)什么別的東西。

等我寫完時(shí)已是半夜時(shí)分，再?zèng)]時(shí)間為弗利格爾先生寫一篇循規(guī)蹈矩、像模像樣的文章了。第二天上午，我別無(wú)選擇，只好把我為自己而寫的貝爾維爾晚餐的故事交了上去。兩天后弗利格爾先生發(fā)還批改過(guò)的作文，他把別人的都發(fā)了，就是沒(méi)有我的。我正準(zhǔn)備著遵命一放學(xué)就去弗利格爾先生那兒挨訓(xùn)，卻看見(jiàn)他從桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子讓大家注意聽(tīng)。

“好了，孩子們，”他說(shuō)?！拔乙o你們念一篇小品文。文章的題目是：吃意大利細(xì)面條的藝術(shù)?！?于是他開(kāi)始念了。是我寫的！他給全班大聲念我寫的文章。更不可思議的是，全班同學(xué)都在聽(tīng)著他念，而且聽(tīng)得很專心。有人笑出聲來(lái)，接著全班都笑了，不是輕蔑嘲弄，而是樂(lè)乎乎地開(kāi)懷大笑。就連弗利格爾先生也停頓了兩三次，好抑制他那一絲拘謹(jǐn)?shù)奈⑿Α?/p>

我盡力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我寫的文章竟然能使別人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年級(jí)，可謂是最后的時(shí)刻，我找到了一個(gè)今生想做的事。這是我整個(gè)求學(xué)生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格爾先生念完后說(shuō)道：“瞧，孩子們，這就是小品文，懂了沒(méi)有。這才是——知道嗎——這才是小品文的精髓，知道了沒(méi)有。祝賀你，貝克先生?！彼@番話使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ.1.respectable

2.Agony

3.put…down

4.sequence

5.Hold back

6.Distribute

7.Off and on

8.vivid

9.associate

10.Finally

11.turn in

12.tackle 2).1.has been assigned to the newspaper‘s Paris office.2.was so extraordinary that I didn‘t know whether to believe him or not.3.a clear image of how she would look in twenty years‘ time.4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5.buying bikes we‘ll keep turning them out.3).1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.and tedious, What‘s more, out of date ideas

3.compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ.1.composed

2.Severe

3.Agony

4.Extraordinary

5.Recall

6.Command

7.was violating

8.anticipate

Ⅲ.1.at

2.For 3.Of

4.With 5.as

6.about 7.To

8.in,in

9.From

10.on/upon

Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ.Cloze 1.1.Hold back

2.tedious

3.scanned

4.recall

5.vivid

6.Off and on

7.Turn out/in

8.career

1.last

2.surprise

3.pulled 4.blowing

5.dressed

6.scene

7.extraordinary

8.image

9.turn

10.excitement

Ⅱ.Translation 1.1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company‘s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company‘s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident.For a time, she didn‘t know how to face up to the fact that she would never(be able to)walk again.One day, while scanning(through)some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story.It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer.Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life.Unit 2 Friendship

出租車司機(jī)擁有的就剩一封信

——福斯特·弗克洛

他準(zhǔn)是完全沉浸在所讀的東西里了，因?yàn)槲也坏貌磺脫躏L(fēng)玻璃來(lái)引起他的注意。

他總算抬頭看我了。―你出車嗎？‖我問(wèn)道。他點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，當(dāng)我坐進(jìn)后座時(shí)，他抱歉地說(shuō)：―對(duì)不起，我在讀一封信?！?tīng)上去他像是得了感冒什么的。

―我不著急，‖我對(duì)他說(shuō)，―你接著把信讀完吧?！?/p>

他搖了搖頭。―我已經(jīng)讀了好幾遍了。我想我都能背出來(lái)了?！?/p>

―家書抵萬(wàn)金啊，‖我說(shuō)。―至少對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是這樣，因?yàn)槲依鲜窃谕饴眯小！夜懒克辛呤畾q了，便猜測(cè)說(shuō)：―是孩子還是孫子寫來(lái)的？‖ ―不是家里人，‖他回答說(shuō)。―不過(guò)，‖ 他接著說(shuō)，―想起來(lái)，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙計(jì)是我最老的朋友了。實(shí)際上，過(guò)去我倆總是以?老朋友‘相稱的——就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)我倆相見(jiàn)時(shí)。我這人就是不大會(huì)寫東西?！?/p>

―我看大家寫信都不那么勤快，‖我說(shuō)，―我自己筆頭就很懶。我看，你認(rèn)識(shí)他挺久了吧？‖

―差不多認(rèn)識(shí)了一輩子了。我倆小時(shí)候就一起玩，所以我倆的友誼確實(shí)很長(zhǎng)了?！?/p>

―一起上的學(xué)？‖

―都一起上到高中呢。事實(shí)上，我倆從小學(xué)到高中都在一個(gè)班里。‖

―保持這么長(zhǎng)久友誼的人可真不多見(jiàn)啊，‖我說(shuō)。

―其實(shí)呢，‖司機(jī)接著說(shuō)，―近25到30年來(lái)，我跟他一年只見(jiàn)一兩次面，因?yàn)槲覐脑瓉?lái)住的街區(qū)搬了出來(lái)，聯(lián)系自然就少了，雖說(shuō)你一直放在心上。他在的時(shí)候可真是個(gè)大好人?！?/p>

―你剛才說(shuō)他?在的時(shí)候‘。你是說(shuō)—— ？‖

他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。―前幾個(gè)星期過(guò)世啦?！?/p>

―真遺憾，‖我說(shuō)，―失去朋友真不是個(gè)滋味，失去個(gè)真正的老朋友更讓人受不了。‖ 他開(kāi)著車，沒(méi)有接話兒。我們沉默了幾分鐘?？晌抑浪€在想著老埃德。他又開(kāi)口時(shí)，與其說(shuō)是跟我說(shuō)話，還不如說(shuō)是自言自語(yǔ)：―我真該一直保持聯(lián)系。真的，‖他重復(fù)道，―我真該一直保持聯(lián)系?！?/p>

―是啊，‖我表示贊同，―我們都該與老朋友保持更多的聯(lián)系。不過(guò)總是有事情冒出來(lái)，好像就是抽不出空來(lái)?！?/p>

他聳了聳肩。―我們過(guò)去總能抽出空來(lái)，‖他說(shuō)。―信里還提到呢。‖他把信遞給我，―你看看吧。‖

―謝謝你，‖我說(shuō)，―不過(guò)我不想讀你的信。這純屬私事?！?/p>

司機(jī)聳一聳肩。―老埃德人都死了。沒(méi)什么私事不私事了?？窗?，‖他催促說(shuō)。

信是用鉛筆寫的。稱呼寫著―老朋友‖，而開(kāi)頭第一句話讓我想到自己。―早就想寫信了，可就是一拖再拖。‖ 信里接著寫道，他常?；叵霃那皟扇俗≡谝粋€(gè)街區(qū)時(shí)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。信里提到些事，可能對(duì)司機(jī)很重要，比如―那次蒂姆·謝打破窗子，那年萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕，我們把老帕克先生的大門拴了起來(lái)，還有卡爾弗太太老是在放學(xué)后把咱倆留下訓(xùn)斥的那陣子‖。

―你們倆準(zhǔn)是在一起度過(guò)了不少時(shí)光，‖ 我對(duì)他說(shuō)。

―就跟信里寫的那樣，‖他回答說(shuō)，―我倆在那個(gè)時(shí)候能花的只有時(shí)間。‖他搖頭嘆道：―時(shí)間啊?！? 信里接下來(lái)的那段我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)凄涼：―信的開(kāi)頭我寫著?老朋友‘，因?yàn)檫@么多年來(lái)，我們這對(duì)老朋友漸漸都老了。我們這些人當(dāng)中留下的也不多了?！?/p>

―你要知道，‖我對(duì)他說(shuō)，―信里說(shuō)我們這些人當(dāng)中留下的不多了，說(shuō)得一點(diǎn)不錯(cuò)。比如說(shuō)，每次我去參加老同學(xué)聚會(huì)，來(lái)的人總是越來(lái)越少?！?/p>

―時(shí)間不饒人啊，‖司機(jī)說(shuō)。

―你們倆以前在一起工作嗎？‖我問(wèn)他。

―不，不過(guò)沒(méi)成家時(shí)我倆總在一起閑蕩。后來(lái)，兩人都成了家，就不時(shí)相互串門?？勺罱@二三十年來(lái)，主要就是寄寄圣誕卡了。當(dāng)然，我倆都總在卡上寫幾句——通常是關(guān)于各自家里的情況，不是嗎，孩子們?cè)诟尚┦裁?，誰(shuí)搬到哪兒，添了個(gè)小孫子，都是這類事——可一直都沒(méi)正兒八經(jīng)地寫過(guò)信什么的。‖

―這一處寫得好，‖我說(shuō)，―這里寫道： ?你多年的友誼對(duì)我非常重要，遠(yuǎn)比我能說(shuō)出來(lái)的重要得多，因?yàn)槲也簧瞄L(zhǎng)說(shuō)這樣的話?！翌h首稱是。―這話準(zhǔn)讓你聽(tīng)著開(kāi)心，是吧？‖

司機(jī)說(shuō)了句什么，可我沒(méi)聽(tīng)明白，因?yàn)樗坪踹煲脜柡?。于是我接著說(shuō)：―我也真想收到這樣一封老朋友的來(lái)信?！?/p>

我們快到目的地了，于是我跳到最后一段。―因此我想你一定想知道我惦記著你?！拍┦鹈?―老朋友湯姆‖。

我們?cè)谖业穆玫昵巴Ｏ拢野研胚f了回去。―很高興能和你聊聊，‖我將衣箱從車上提下時(shí)說(shuō)。湯姆？信的署名是湯姆？

―我記得你朋友叫埃德，‖我說(shuō)，―為什么他署名湯姆呢？‖

―這封信不是湯姆寫給我的，‖他解釋說(shuō)，―我是湯姆。這是我在得知他去世前寫給他的信。所以我一直沒(méi)寄出?！?/p>

他神情有點(diǎn)悲傷，似乎想看清遠(yuǎn)處什么東西。―我想我真該早些寫這封信?！?/p>

我進(jìn)了旅館房間之后，沒(méi)有馬上打開(kāi)箱包。首先我得寫封信——而且要寄出去。

Unit 3

公眾科學(xué)觀 ——斯蒂芬·霍金

無(wú)論我們是否愿意，我們生活的世界在過(guò)去一百年間已經(jīng)變化了許多，而且在未來(lái)的一百年里可能變化更多。有人想中止這種種變化，回到那個(gè)他們認(rèn)為更純潔更樸素的時(shí)代。但正如歷史所表明的，過(guò)去并非那么美妙。過(guò)去對(duì)享有特權(quán)的少數(shù)人不算太糟，但即便他們也無(wú)從享受現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療，而生育對(duì)婦女來(lái)說(shuō)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極大。對(duì)占人口大多數(shù)的民眾而言，生活是艱難、殘忍而又短暫的。

不管怎樣，即使有人想這么做，他也無(wú)法將時(shí)鐘撥回到早先的時(shí)代。知識(shí)與技術(shù)不可能說(shuō)忘就忘了。也沒(méi)有人能阻止未來(lái)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。即使所有用于研究的政府資金都被取消（現(xiàn)政府最擅此事），競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的力量仍將繼續(xù)帶來(lái)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。更何況，沒(méi)有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，無(wú)論他們是否會(huì)為此得到酬勞。惟一能阻止進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的辦法或許是一個(gè)壓制任何新事物的全球政府，但人類的進(jìn)取心與創(chuàng)造力如此旺盛，即便這個(gè)政府也不會(huì)成功。它所能做到的只是延緩變化的速度。

如果我們承認(rèn)，我們無(wú)法阻止科學(xué)技術(shù)改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確?？萍紟?lái)的變化方向正確。在一個(gè)民主社會(huì)里，這意味著公眾需要對(duì)科學(xué)有一個(gè)基本的了解，從而可以作出明達(dá)的決定，而不是把決定留給專家去作。目前，公眾對(duì)科學(xué)存有矛盾之心。公眾期望科技新發(fā)展帶來(lái)的生活水準(zhǔn)的穩(wěn)定提高能繼續(xù)，但又懷疑科學(xué)，因?yàn)樗麄儾欢茖W(xué)。那個(gè)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里設(shè)法制造弗蘭肯斯泰因的瘋狂的科學(xué)家的卡通人物清楚地體現(xiàn)了公眾的這種懷疑。這也是人們之所以支持各種綠色組織的一個(gè)重要因素。但公眾同時(shí)也對(duì)科學(xué)深感興趣，尤其是對(duì)天文學(xué)，諸如《夜空》之類的電視系列節(jié)目觀眾不少以及科幻小說(shuō)讀者甚多就是明證。

怎么樣才能利用這種興趣，向公眾提供所需要的科學(xué)知識(shí)，以便其在酸雨、溫室效應(yīng)、核武器以及基因工程等問(wèn)題上作出明達(dá)的決定呢？顯然，必須把基礎(chǔ)建立在學(xué)校課程上。但在學(xué)校里，科學(xué)往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子們死記硬背應(yīng)付考試，他們看不出科學(xué)與他們的周圍世界的聯(lián)系。更有甚者，科學(xué)常常是用公式來(lái)教的。雖然公式是闡述數(shù)學(xué)概念的一種簡(jiǎn)單而精確的方式，它們卻使大多數(shù)人望而生畏。前不久我寫了一本通俗讀物，當(dāng)時(shí)有人告誡我說(shuō)，我每使用一個(gè)公式就會(huì)使銷量減半。我只使用了一個(gè)公式，即愛(ài)因斯坦那個(gè)著名的公式，E=mc2。如果不用這個(gè)公式的話，也許我能多賣出一倍的書。

科學(xué)家和工程師傾向于用公式闡述觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰懒康木_值。但對(duì)我們其余的人來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)科學(xué)概念有個(gè)質(zhì)的認(rèn)識(shí)就已足夠，這可以用文字和圖表來(lái)表述，大可不必使用公式。

人們?cè)趯W(xué)校學(xué)到的科學(xué)知識(shí)可以提供一個(gè)基本的框架。但如今科學(xué)進(jìn)步的速度如此之快，一個(gè)人離開(kāi)學(xué)?；虼髮W(xué)后新的發(fā)展層出不窮。我在學(xué)校從未學(xué)過(guò)分子生物學(xué)或晶體管，但基因工程和計(jì)算機(jī)是極有可能改變我們未來(lái)生活的兩項(xiàng)發(fā)展。有關(guān)科學(xué)的通俗讀物和雜志文章能幫助人們了解新發(fā)展，但即使是最暢銷的科普讀物也只有一小部分人閱讀。只有電視能贏得真正廣大的觀眾。電視上有一些相當(dāng)優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)節(jié)目，但其他的節(jié)目把科學(xué)奇跡簡(jiǎn)單地作為魔術(shù)播出，既不加以說(shuō)明，也不展現(xiàn)它們與科學(xué)觀念的整體框架的關(guān)系。電視科學(xué)節(jié)目的制片人應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到，他們負(fù)有教育民眾的重任，而不僅僅是為他們提供娛樂(lè)。

當(dāng)今世界充滿危險(xiǎn)，因此就有了那個(gè)令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，說(shuō)我們尚未受到外星文明造訪的原因在于：但凡文明發(fā)展到我們目前的程度，它們往往就自我毀滅了。然而我對(duì)公眾的明智充滿信心，因而相信，我們將證明這一說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的。"

I Vocabulary 1

1)brief 2)in terms of 3)cut off 4)tend

5)anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8)initiative

9)convey 10)in two minds 11)concept 12)grasp 2

1)has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.2)medical workers‘ responsibility to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.3)entertain as well as educate the learner.4)can do without air and water.5)is likely to be held in June.3

1)lies in contact between

2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment 3)the steady will be highly

II Word Formation regained 2 undecided 3 undersupplied 4 disabled precondition 6 foresight 7 mispronounced 8 enrich

IIIAntonyms

1)majority 2)accpeted 3)increased 4)weaknesses

5)local 6)late 7)wrong 8)false

Comprehensive exercises

I Close

1.Text-related

1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient

6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure

2.Theme-related

1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another

6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10)Someday

II Translation

1)As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about.Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life.The majority didn‘t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated.However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems.They want to slow down the rate of progress.But no one can put the clock back.Unit 4

托尼·特里韋索諾的美國(guó)夢(mèng)

——弗雷德里克·C· 克羅弗德

他來(lái)自意大利羅馬以南某地一個(gè)多巖石的農(nóng)莊。他什么時(shí)候怎么到美國(guó)的，我不清楚。不過(guò)，有天晚上，我看到他站在我家車庫(kù)后面的車道上。他身高五英尺七、八左右，人很瘦。

―我割你的草坪，‖他說(shuō)。他那結(jié)結(jié)巴巴的英語(yǔ)很難聽(tīng)懂。我問(wèn)他叫什么名字。―托尼·特里韋索諾，‖他回答說(shuō)，―我割你的草坪?！覍?duì)托尼講，本人雇不起園丁。

―我割你的草坪，‖他又說(shuō)道，隨后便走開(kāi)了。我走進(jìn)屋子，心里有點(diǎn)不快。沒(méi)錯(cuò)，眼下這大蕭條的日子是不好過(guò)，可我怎么能把一個(gè)上門求助的人就這么打發(fā)走呢？

等我第二天晚上下班回到家，草坪已修整過(guò)了，花園除了草，人行道也清掃過(guò)了。我便問(wèn)太太是怎么回事。

―有個(gè)人把割草機(jī)從汽車庫(kù)里推出來(lái)就在院子里忙活起來(lái)，‖她回答說(shuō)，―我還以為是你雇他來(lái)的?！?/p>

我就把前晚的事跟她說(shuō)了。我倆都覺(jué)得奇怪，他怎么沒(méi)提出要工錢。

接下來(lái)的兩天挺忙，我把托尼的事給忘了。我們?cè)诒M力重整業(yè)務(wù)，要讓一部分工人回廠里來(lái)。但在星期五，回家略微早了些，我又在汽車庫(kù)后面看到了托尼。我對(duì)他干的活夸獎(jiǎng)了幾句。

―我割你的草坪，‖他說(shuō)。

我設(shè)法湊了一小筆微薄的周薪，就這樣托尼每天清掃院子，有什么零活，他都干了。我太太說(shuō)，但凡有重物要搬或有什么要修理的，他挺派得上用場(chǎng)。夏去秋來(lái)，涼風(fēng)陣陣。―克羅先生，快下雪了，‖有天晚上托尼跟我說(shuō)，―等冬天到了，你讓我在廠里干掃雪的活?！?/p>

啊，對(duì)這種執(zhí)著與期盼，你又能怎樣呢？自然，托尼得到了廠里的那份活兒。

幾個(gè)月過(guò)去了。我讓人事部門送上一份報(bào)告。他們說(shuō)托尼干得挺棒。

一天我在汽車庫(kù)后面我們以前見(jiàn)面的地方看到了托尼。―我想做學(xué)徒，‖他說(shuō)。

我們有個(gè)挺不錯(cuò)的培訓(xùn)工人的徒工學(xué)校?？晌覒岩赏心崾欠裼心芰W(xué)會(huì)看圖紙、用千分尺，是否勝任做精密加工工作。盡管如此，可我怎么能拒絕他呢？

托尼減了薪水當(dāng)了徒工。幾個(gè)月之后，我收到報(bào)告，他已從徒工學(xué)校畢業(yè)，成了熟練磨工。他學(xué)會(huì)了在千分尺上辨識(shí)一百萬(wàn)分之一英寸，會(huì)用鑲嵌著金剛石的工具制作砂輪。我和太太都挺高興，覺(jué)得他的事總算有了個(gè)令人滿意的結(jié)局。

一兩年過(guò)去了，我在托尼慣常等我的地方又看到了他。我們聊起了他的工作，接著我問(wèn)他有什么要求。

―克羅先生，‖他說(shuō)，―我想買房?！谛℃?zhèn)邊上，他看到有房出售，完全是幢破房。我去見(jiàn)一位當(dāng)銀行家的朋友。―人品貸款你干不干？‖我問(wèn)。―不干，‖他說(shuō)，―我們承擔(dān)不起。沒(méi)門?！?/p>

―哎，等等，‖我應(yīng)道，―有個(gè)人干活勤勉，人品端正，這一點(diǎn)我擔(dān)保。他有個(gè)好工作。眼下，你從你那塊地上一分錢也得不到。那塊地空在那兒要好多年呢。至少他會(huì)付你利息嘛?！?/p>

那位銀行家勉強(qiáng)開(kāi)了兩千美金抵押貸款，沒(méi)要托尼首付就把房子給了他。托尼樂(lè)不可支。從那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔棄的零星雜物，壞了的屏風(fēng)啦，五金器具啦，包裝紙板啦，托尼都要收起來(lái)拿回家，看他這個(gè)樣子真是有意思。

約摸過(guò)了兩年，我在我們見(jiàn)面的老地方又看到了托尼。他身子似乎挺直了些，人也見(jiàn)胖了，樣子挺自信。

―克羅先生，我賣房子！‖他得意地說(shuō)。―我得了八千美金。‖

我非常吃驚。―可是，托尼，沒(méi)了房子你住哪兒呢？‖

―克羅先生，我買農(nóng)莊?！?/p>

我們坐下聊了起來(lái)。托尼告訴我說(shuō)，擁有一個(gè)農(nóng)莊是他的夢(mèng)想。他喜歡番茄、辣椒以及意大利菜肴中相當(dāng)重要的其它各種蔬菜。他把在意大利的妻子和兒子、女兒都接來(lái)了。他在小鎮(zhèn)周邊到處找，終于找到一處沒(méi)人要的一小塊地產(chǎn)，有一幢房，還有間小棚。他正在把家搬到農(nóng)莊去。又過(guò)了一些時(shí)候，在一個(gè)星期日的下午托尼來(lái)了，他穿戴得整整齊齊。和他一起來(lái)的還有另一位意大利人。他告訴我，他說(shuō)服了兒時(shí)的伙伴前來(lái)美國(guó)。托尼為他作經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)保。他眼里露出頑皮的神情，對(duì)我說(shuō)，他倆來(lái)到他經(jīng)營(yíng)的小農(nóng)莊時(shí)，他的朋友驚奇地站住說(shuō)，―托尼，你是個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁啦！‖

后來(lái)，在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，公司里傳出了一個(gè)消息。托尼去世了。

我讓公司的人去他家看看，確保各項(xiàng)事宜都得到妥善安置。他們看到農(nóng)場(chǎng)上長(zhǎng)著綠油油的蔬菜，小屋布置得舒適溫馨，院子里有一輛拖拉機(jī)，還有一輛不錯(cuò)的汽車。孩子受過(guò)教育，都工作了，托尼身前沒(méi)有分文欠債。

托尼去世后，我一直想著他的經(jīng)歷。他的形象在我心目中越來(lái)越高大。最后，我覺(jué)得他就和美國(guó)那些最大的實(shí)業(yè)家一樣高大、自豪。

他們都通過(guò)同樣的途徑，本著同樣的價(jià)值觀和原則獲得了成功：遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)、執(zhí)著、自制、樂(lè)觀、自尊，以及最重要的，正直。

托尼不是從最低一級(jí)階梯往上爬的，他是從地下室往上爬的。托尼的事業(yè)很小，那些最大的實(shí)業(yè)家的事業(yè)很大。但究其實(shí)，兩者的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表完全一樣。惟一的不同是你把小數(shù)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)在什么地方。托尼·特里韋索諾來(lái)到美國(guó)尋求美國(guó)夢(mèng)。但他沒(méi)有找到什么美國(guó)夢(mèng)——他為自己創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)美國(guó)夢(mèng)。他的全部擁有是一天寶貴的二十四小時(shí)，而他一刻也沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)。

Vocabulary

1)wreck 2)balance 3)approaching 4)handle

5)discard 6)Above all 7)diet 8)do with

9)checked on 10)cleaned up 11)weekly 12)principles 2.1)to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2)was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3)for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4)express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5)will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1)for sale hunting for be amazed by

2)become skilled handle their loans

3)character by calling on he passed away

II Confusable words 1.1)personal 2)personnel

2.1)sometime 2)Sometimes 3)some time 4)sometime

III Euphemism

dehcgabf

Comprehensive Exercises

I Close

1.Text-related

1)sponsored 2)determination 3)turned away 4)assumed 5)capacity

6)skilled 7)loan 8)character 9)hunting 10)for sale 11)send for

2.Theme-related

1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4)grow 5)dream

6)immigrants 7)business 8)engineering 9)invest 10)rich

III Translation 1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disaters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)Helen lacks confidence.I‘ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business.At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan.But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help.Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money.Now he has become a wealthy businessman.Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.Unit 5

愛(ài)情故事

——道格·貝爾

約翰·布蘭查德從長(zhǎng)凳上站起身來(lái)，整了整軍裝，留意著格蘭德中央車站進(jìn)出的人群。他在尋找一位姑娘，一位佩帶玫瑰的姑娘。他知其心，但不知其貌。十二個(gè)月前，在佛羅里達(dá)州的一個(gè)圖書館，他對(duì)她產(chǎn)生了興趣。他從書架上取下一本書，很快便被吸引住了，不是被書的內(nèi)容，而是被鉛筆寫的眉批。柔和的筆跡顯示出其人多思善慮的心靈和富有洞察力的頭腦。

在書的前頁(yè)，他找到了前一位擁有人的姓名，霍利斯·梅奈爾小姐。他花了一番工夫和努力，找到了她的地址。她住在紐約市。他給她寫了一封信介紹自己，并請(qǐng)她回復(fù)。第二天他被運(yùn)往海外，參加第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。

在接下來(lái)的一年當(dāng)中，兩人通過(guò)信件來(lái)往增進(jìn)了了解。每一封信都如一顆種子撒入肥沃的心靈之土。浪漫的愛(ài)情之花就要綻開(kāi)。布蘭查德提出要一張照片，可她拒絕了。她解釋道：―如果你對(duì)我的感情是真實(shí)的，是誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意的，那我的相貌如何并不重要。設(shè)想我美麗動(dòng)人。我將會(huì)一直深感不安，惟恐你只是因?yàn)槲业娜菝簿唾Q(mào)然與我相愛(ài)，而這種愛(ài)情令我憎惡。設(shè)想本人相貌平平（你得承認(rèn)，這種可能性更大）。那我一直會(huì)擔(dān)心，你和我保持通信僅僅是出于孤獨(dú)寂寞，無(wú)人交談。不，別索要照片。等你到了紐約，你會(huì)見(jiàn)到我，到時(shí)你可再作定奪。切記，見(jiàn)面后我倆都可以自由決定中止關(guān)系或繼續(xù)交往——無(wú)論你怎么選擇......‖

他從歐洲回國(guó)的日子終于到了。他們安排了兩人的第一次見(jiàn)面——晚上七點(diǎn)，紐約格蘭德中央車站。―你會(huì)認(rèn)出我的，‖ 她寫道，―我會(huì)在衣襟上戴一朵紅玫瑰。‖于是，晚上七點(diǎn)，他候在車站，尋找一位過(guò)去一年里在自己生活中占據(jù)了如此特殊地位的姑娘，一位素未謀面，但其文字伴隨著他、始終支撐著他精神的姑娘。

且讓布蘭查德先生告訴你接下來(lái)發(fā)生的事吧:

一位年輕的姑娘向我走來(lái)，她身材頎長(zhǎng)纖細(xì)。一頭卷曲的金發(fā)披在秀美的耳后；眼睛碧藍(lán)，如花似玉。她的雙唇和下頜線條柔和，卻又柔中見(jiàn)剛，她身穿淺綠色套裝，猶如春天一般生氣盎然。

我朝她走去，完全忘了去看她有沒(méi)有戴玫瑰花。

我走過(guò)去時(shí)，她雙唇綻開(kāi)撩人的微笑。

―和我同路嗎，水兵？‖她小聲問(wèn)道。我情不自禁，再向她走近一步?？删驮谶@時(shí)，我看到了霍利斯·梅奈爾。她差不多就站在姑娘的正后面，早已年過(guò)四十，灰白的頭發(fā)用卡子向上別著，頭上帶著一頂舊帽子。

她體態(tài)臃腫，粗圓的腳踝上套著一雙低跟鞋。

穿著綠色套裝的姑娘快步走開(kāi)了。我覺(jué)得自己好像被分成了兩半，一方面熱切地想去追趕她，但另一方面我又渴望那一位以其心靈真誠(chéng)陪伴我并成為我的精神支柱的女人。

她站在那兒，蒼白的圓臉顯得溫柔理智，灰色的眼睛透出熱情善良。我沒(méi)有遲疑。

我手里緊握著那本小小的讓她辨認(rèn)我的藍(lán)色羊皮面舊書。這不會(huì)是愛(ài)情，但將是某種珍貴的、或許比愛(ài)情更美妙的東西，一種我曾經(jīng)感激，并將永遠(yuǎn)感激的友情。

我挺胸站立，敬了個(gè)禮，并舉起手中的書好讓那位女士看。不過(guò)在我開(kāi)口說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，失望的痛苦幾乎使我哽咽。―我是約翰·布蘭查德中尉，想必您就是梅奈爾小姐。很高興您來(lái)見(jiàn)我?？煞裾?qǐng)您賞光吃飯？‖

婦女的臉上綻開(kāi)了笑容。―我不知道是怎么回事，孩子，‖她回答說(shuō)，―可是剛才走過(guò)去的那位穿綠色套裝的姑娘，她央求我把這支玫瑰插在衣服上。她還說(shuō)，要是你請(qǐng)我吃飯的話，我就告訴你，她就在街對(duì)面那個(gè)大飯店里等你。她說(shuō)這是一種考驗(yàn)！‖

梅奈爾小姐的智慧不難理解，也令人稱奇。心靈的本質(zhì)是從其對(duì)不美的事物的態(tài)度中反映出來(lái)的。

―告訴我你所愛(ài)者是誰(shuí)，‖何賽寫道，―我就知道你是什么樣的人。‖

Vocabulary I.1

1)monthly 2)acquaintances 3)classic 4)look;in the eye 5)manufactured 6)options 7)finance

8)replacement 9)survived 10)pick out 11)married 12)grabbed at 2.1)survived a car crash that killed both her parents.2)almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class.3)of the Children‘s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils.4)several phone calls making inquiries about the position of the Chief Financial Officer.5)straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club.3.1)inquiry;died of hunger;people survied2)Instantly;give up his;retire;replace him;executive 3)his beloved;odd jobs;and all that

II Word Formation

1.embarrassment 2.survivors 3.newly 4.marketable 5.monthly 6.competition 7.conceivable

8.respectable

III.Usage

1.the poor 2.The deceased/The dead 3.the disabled 4.the French 5.The accused 6.the young 7.the unemployed 8.the latter…the former…

Comprehensive Exercises

I.Cloze

1.Text-related

1)died of 2)instantly 3)classic 4)ask around 5)surviving 6)retire 7)executive 8)replacement 9)stock 10)look…in the eye

2.Theme-related

1)impressed 2)diligence 3)Instead 4)Contrary 5)professionally 6)perform 7)personal

8)balance 9)commitment 10)revealed II.Translation 1.1)I‘m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you‘d better ask around.2)Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5)We small retailers can‘t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.2.My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm.He works six days a week.Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights.However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family.On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can.To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.Unit 6 Homework

動(dòng)物到底想些什么

——尤金·林登

多年來(lái)，我寫了大量關(guān)于動(dòng)物智能實(shí)驗(yàn)、以及圍繞這些實(shí)驗(yàn)所產(chǎn)生的爭(zhēng)議的文章。動(dòng)物真的有思想，即我們所說(shuō)的意識(shí)嗎？在考慮是否會(huì)有比設(shè)計(jì)教動(dòng)物人類手勢(shì)語(yǔ)的實(shí)驗(yàn)更好的方式探索動(dòng)物智能時(shí)，我悟出了現(xiàn)在看來(lái)是顯而易見(jiàn)的一點(diǎn)：如果動(dòng)物能思維，它們會(huì)在能為自己所用的時(shí)候，而不是在科學(xué)家讓它們思維的時(shí)候作出最佳思維。

于是我開(kāi)始與獸醫(yī)、動(dòng)物研究人員以及動(dòng)物園飼養(yǎng)員交談。他們大都不研究動(dòng)物智能，但他們每天都碰到或碰不到動(dòng)物智能。他們講述的故事開(kāi)啟了我相信是研究動(dòng)物智能的一扇新的窗口：即動(dòng)物在對(duì)付樊籠生活和地球上的主宰物種——人類——時(shí)所表現(xiàn)的高超的思維技能。

讓我們做筆交易

請(qǐng)考慮這一情況：哥倫布動(dòng)物園的一位動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者查倫·延德里覺(jué)察到一頭叫做科洛的雌性大猩猩在玩弄一件可疑的物品。延德里走過(guò)去，給了科洛一些花生，卻被翻了個(gè)白眼。意識(shí)到這是在討價(jià)還價(jià)，延德里加大了籌碼，又給了一片菠蘿。這時(shí)候，科洛一邊望著延德里，一邊攤開(kāi)手，露出了一根鑰匙鏈。

見(jiàn)不是危險(xiǎn)或珍貴物品，延德里松了一口氣，把菠蘿給了考勒?？坡逭媸莻€(gè)精明的還價(jià)者，它把鑰匙鏈拉斷，給了延德里一段，或許在算計(jì)著，要是每一小段都能換片菠蘿，我干嘛要全都給她？

如果動(dòng)物能在以物換物中顯示技能，又何嘗不會(huì)在使用錢幣中再露一手？在田納西大學(xué)人類學(xué)家琳·邁爾斯進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)手勢(shì)語(yǔ)研究中，有頭名叫夏特克的猩猩就這么做了。夏特克悟出，如果它干些諸如清理房間的事，他就能掙些硬幣，好用來(lái)買好吃的，還可以坐邁爾斯的車外出兜風(fēng)。但這頭猩猩對(duì)錢幣的理解似乎遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了簡(jiǎn)單的交易。邁爾斯一開(kāi)始用塑料片充當(dāng)硬幣，而夏特克竟認(rèn)定，它可以把塑料片拗成兩片，以此擴(kuò)大錢幣供應(yīng)量。而當(dāng)邁爾斯改用金屬片時(shí)，夏特克找到了一些錫箔，試圖復(fù)制。

邁爾斯還試圖教會(huì)夏特克一些好習(xí)慣，諸如節(jié)儉和與人分享。當(dāng)我在它目前居住的亞特蘭大動(dòng)物園見(jiàn)到這頭猩猩時(shí)，我果然見(jiàn)到它與人分享的一例，足以令任何人羨慕。邁爾斯給了夏特克一些葡萄，要求它與人分享，它很快吃完了所有的葡萄。隨后，它似乎是想起了邁爾斯要它與人分享，便把梗兒遞給了邁爾斯。

鯨魚(yú)的故事

動(dòng)物為什么會(huì)愿意與人合作？行為主義者會(huì)說(shuō)，動(dòng)物認(rèn)識(shí)到合作于己有利時(shí)就會(huì)這么做。這沒(méi)有錯(cuò)，但我覺(jué)得這一解釋尚不充分。

動(dòng)物行為顧問(wèn)蓋爾·勞爾說(shuō)起過(guò)她了解的一頭虎鯨奧基。―在我照管過(guò)的動(dòng)物當(dāng)中，它是最聰明的，‖她說(shuō)，―它會(huì)審時(shí)度勢(shì)，再根據(jù)自己的判斷采取行動(dòng)?！?/p>

比如有次它救了一個(gè)家族成員。奧基的配偶科基生幼鯨時(shí)，那條幼鯨一開(kāi)始情況不妙，飼養(yǎng)員把幼鯨用擔(dān)架抬出水糟，實(shí)施緊急護(hù)理。他們把幼鯨送回水槽時(shí)，出了事情。當(dāng)工人把擔(dān)架停在高出水面幾英尺處的時(shí)候，幼鯨開(kāi)始嘔吐。飼養(yǎng)員擔(dān)心它會(huì)窒息，但他們無(wú)法接近幼鯨提供幫助。

奧基顯然看出了問(wèn)題，它游到擔(dān)架下，讓其中一人站在它頭上。這種事從來(lái)沒(méi)有訓(xùn)練它做過(guò)。然后，奧基用尾部保持平衡，讓飼養(yǎng)員接近，并松開(kāi)了那條420磅重的幼鯨，以便讓它滑入水中，獲得幫助。

靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的騙術(shù)

有時(shí)動(dòng)物的智能可以從其欺騙的企圖中得以證明。西雅圖伍德蘭公園動(dòng)物園飼養(yǎng)員海倫·休曼回憶道，一天她從喂食窗口給猩猩梅拉蒂扔了個(gè)桔子。梅拉蒂?zèng)]有移動(dòng)身體去接，而是眼睛直視休曼，伸出手來(lái)。休曼以為桔子準(zhǔn)是滾到一邊拿不到了，就又給了它一個(gè)?？僧?dāng)梅拉蒂走開(kāi)時(shí)，休曼卻注意到原來(lái)那只桔子就藏在它另一只手里。猩猩園的頭領(lǐng)托溫目睹了這個(gè)把戲。第二天，這頭雄猩猩也是眼睛盯著休曼，裝作沒(méi)有接到桔子。―你肯定沒(méi)拿到嗎？‖休曼問(wèn)道。它仍直視著她，同時(shí)把手伸了出來(lái)。她讓步了，又給了它一個(gè)，隨后卻看見(jiàn)它把桔子藏在腳下。

智能究竟是什么？如果生命就是講物種的生存——而智能是為了生存——那么我們根本無(wú)法與大腦只有豌豆大小的海龜相提并論，海龜早在人類出現(xiàn)很久之前便已存在，并經(jīng)歷了使恐龍滅絕的重大災(zāi)難而生存下來(lái)。盡管如此，想到除了我們?nèi)祟悾杏衅渌锓N，即便它們的視野比我們還狹小，卻也能退后一步，清醒地審視周圍的世界，不由人深感寬慰。

Vocabulary Ⅰ

1.1)Fertile

2)Reflected

3)Overseas

4)Slim

5)Split

6)Sustained 7)Glow

8)Thrust

9)Keen

10)Bud

11)Previous

12)Whichever 2.1)The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me.2)Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3)A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4)I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn‘t hear Martin come in.5)The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.3.1)to broaden;make their way

2)disgusts;take a chance on

3)the grand;and overseas;reflected Ⅱ

1.1)frightened 2)afraid/ frightened

2.1)alike/similar 2)similar

3.1)alive 2)living

4.1)sleeping 2)asleep Ⅲ

1.1)disappointed 2)disappointment 3)disappointing 4)disappoint

5)disappointingly 6)disappointing

2.1)attractive 2)attract 3)attraction 4)attractively 5)unattractively

6)unattractive

Comprehension Exercises ⅠCloze

1.Text-related

1)Identifying 2)gripped 3)margins 4)corresponding 5)overseas 6)little 7)hesitate

8)grateful 9)made my way 10)going my way

2.Theme-related

1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4)another 5)threw 6)deliberately 7)reasoned 8)himself 9)restaurant 10)matter

ⅡTranslation 1.1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2)Never tell my parents about my injuries and I‘ll be very grateful to you(for it).3)At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.4)The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5)It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.2.Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others.Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study.From then on he sent them money regularly.Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas.Unit 7

―鐵軌上有孩子！‖

——杰克·墨菲 1989年5月1日，星期一，新澤西州的拉姆齊上午天氣宜人。凱特·普里查德俯身站在車尾行李箱前，費(fèi)力地收拾著剛買回家的一袋袋食品雜貨。她聽(tīng)到遠(yuǎn)處火車的鳴笛聲。聯(lián)合鐵路公司的火車經(jīng)過(guò)的地方離普里查德家不到三百英尺，可在后院與鐵軌之間沒(méi)有柵欄，只有一排長(zhǎng)得密密的樹(shù)木。然而，她的兩個(gè)兒子，三歲半的托德和十八個(gè)月的斯科特，就在近旁私家車道上玩耍。

―就呆在這兒，‖凱特說(shuō)，―媽媽去把食品放好，然后我們進(jìn)屋吃午飯，好嗎？‖

―好！‖托德一面說(shuō)，一面豎起大拇指，做著他以前看他父親做的這個(gè)手勢(shì)。

―好！‖斯科特隨聲應(yīng)和，試著模仿他哥哥的樣子。

他們望著母親提著幾個(gè)袋袋走進(jìn)屋子。

凱特關(guān)好冰箱門匆匆走出屋來(lái)。還好。兩個(gè)孩子正在原地玩耍。

當(dāng)她從車后行李箱里又提出幾個(gè)袋袋時(shí)，凱特聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有一列火車疾駛而過(guò)——是特快客車，她根據(jù)車速判斷。她又將幾個(gè)袋袋拿進(jìn)屋去。

火車的聲音顯然把兩個(gè)孩子的注意吸引到鐵軌上。兩人穿過(guò)那排樹(shù)木，爬上筆陡的路基，跪在地上玩了起來(lái)。往西幾千英尺處，一輛貨車緩緩地朝兩個(gè)孩子駛來(lái)。頭頂上的燈向司機(jī)里奇·坎普納發(fā)出信號(hào)，指示前面那輛客車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走，他們可以每小時(shí)40英里的正常速度繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。司機(jī)調(diào)整了加速器，轉(zhuǎn)身面對(duì)列車員安東尼·法爾佐。安東尼中等身材，長(zhǎng)得結(jié)結(jié)實(shí)實(shí)，現(xiàn)年35歲，已經(jīng)為聯(lián)合鐵路公司干了差不多十六、七年。

―你周末都干點(diǎn)啥，安東尼？‖

―唉，不干什么。大多是瞎混——看點(diǎn)兒電視，然后睡覺(jué)。還能干什么？‖

坎普納笑了。―嘿，你最好悠著點(diǎn)，安東尼——你都快成派對(duì)狂了。‖

兩人哈哈大笑。就在他們大笑的時(shí)候，正以21英里的時(shí)速運(yùn)行的機(jī)車開(kāi)始加速。

里奇和安東尼在同一瞬間發(fā)現(xiàn)火車前方有什么東西。

―那前面是什么？‖司機(jī)問(wèn)道。安東尼沒(méi)回答。他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛盯著前方看，試圖辨識(shí)前方鐵軌上那怪形怪狀的東西。是盒子？還是舊衣裳？

猛然間，兩個(gè)人都明白過(guò)來(lái)那是什么東西。里奇用盡全力猛地緊急剎車，并拉響了汽笛。

汽笛嘶鳴，與此同時(shí)安東尼大聲嚷道：―鐵軌上有孩子！‖ 安東尼沖出駕駛室，跳到車輪上方六英尺處一條狹窄人行踏板上，接著跑到搖擺的火車頭前。他疾速攀下鐵梯，停在梯子最后一級(jí)上，離他腳下飛速掠過(guò)的鐵路路基有兩英尺。

現(xiàn)在，他可以清楚地看到兩個(gè)孩子，他們正坐在鐵軌旁邊。安東尼拼命揮手示意，并大聲喊叫：―走開(kāi)！走開(kāi)！‖

他心里計(jì)算著火車的減速速度，痛苦地哼了一聲。我們絕對(duì)不可能及時(shí)停車的。

托德和斯科特正玩得起勁，沒(méi)聽(tīng)到火車的聲音。最后，當(dāng)火車轟隆隆駛近時(shí)，斯科特抬頭一看，驚呆了。

盡管火車在減速，安東尼知道車速仍比他奔跑的速度快。所以，他強(qiáng)迫自己等待，等到離孩子足夠近的時(shí)候，他再一躍而下一把將他們抓住。在孩子與火車頭前的犁雪機(jī)鋒利的雪鏟只有約十英尺的時(shí)候，安東尼從梯子上縱身向前一躍。他落在鐵軌旁拳頭大小的散石上，使盡力氣才保持住平衡。他跨出兩大步，幾乎就要夠著兩個(gè)孩子了。兩個(gè)孩子嚇壞了，目瞪口呆地望著他。安東尼縱身躍起，朝他們撲去。

火車汽笛不停地嘶鳴，凱特·普里查德聽(tīng)著就像是被鐵錘猛擊了一下。―孩子！‖她一聲驚叫，沖出屋門。兩個(gè)孩子不見(jiàn)了！

鐵道，她心想。我得去鐵道那兒！安東尼身子砸下地時(shí)，他一邊護(hù)著托德，一邊伸出一只手臂去抓斯科特，好把他拉離鐵軌。但火車壓了過(guò)來(lái)。安東尼只見(jiàn)雪鏟的黑色鋼刃擊中幼孩的下巴，將他的頭往后一推，鏟子從他臉上括過(guò)。頓時(shí)，鮮血從孩子額頭濺出。

車身猛撞安東尼工作服的后背，把尼龍布都撕破了。但安東尼還是把斯科特完全拉到了自己身下。

凱特奔到停下的火車前，首先看到的便是托德。她的大兒子失去控制，在那兒亂蹦亂跳，大聲哭喊。但凱特看出他沒(méi)受傷。她抓過(guò)他緊緊抱住。隨后她看見(jiàn)第三節(jié)車廂下一動(dòng)不動(dòng)躺著一個(gè)人。只見(jiàn)這人身子下面斯科特的腦袋上黑糊糊一片血污。凱特沖過(guò)去。―斯科特！‖她尖聲叫道。

安東尼扭轉(zhuǎn)身子面對(duì)著她。―女士，‖他對(duì)她說(shuō)，聲音很鎮(zhèn)靜，―回家去。叫警察和救護(hù)車來(lái)?！瑒P特沒(méi)聽(tīng)進(jìn)他的話，伸著手要抱孩子。安東尼又開(kāi)口了，口氣嚴(yán)厲了許多，―夫人，聽(tīng)著！回家打電話叫警察——叫救護(hù)車，快！‖

凱特飛奔回家，打了電話，又通過(guò)尋呼機(jī)找到她丈夫加里。

第一輛警車到達(dá)時(shí)，安東尼仍然緊抱著年幼的斯科特。列車員從孩子的哭聲知道他還活著，但斯科特可能有內(nèi)傷，稍一動(dòng)彈就有可能加重傷勢(shì)。因此安東尼堅(jiān)持讓急救人員先對(duì)孩子進(jìn)行檢查，然后才放手。真是奇跡，斯科特傷勢(shì)不重，只需縫十三針。雪鏟與地面之間只有十四英寸。記者后來(lái)問(wèn)安東尼他在冒生命危險(xiǎn)救孩子之前有否猶豫。

―沒(méi)有，‖他回答道，―我當(dāng)時(shí)所想到的就是那兩個(gè)孩子前頭還有整個(gè)人生，如果我不采取行動(dòng)，他們必死無(wú)疑。我決不能讓這樣的悲劇發(fā)生?！?/p>

事故發(fā)生后不久，安東尼去普里查德家探望。他還記得他用雙臂抱住托德和斯科特并將兩人舉起的情景。―這讓我想起當(dāng)時(shí)在火車底下我護(hù)著他們的情景。再一次抱住他們的感覺(jué)是奇特的 ——也是美妙的?！?/p>

普里查德夫婦說(shuō)，自從第一次來(lái)探望之后，安東尼幾乎成了他們家庭的一員。他們還說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在有道柵欄把他們的街坊與鐵軌隔開(kāi)了。

Content Questions

Pair Work

1.He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.2.Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life.3.He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.4.She wanted to get more pineapple.5.He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.6.It shows he is clever and sly.He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles.7.They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.8.The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn‘t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.9.Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with.10.Corky is a female whale because she is Orky‘s mate and delivered a baby whale.11.Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible.12.Towan hid his orange underneath his foot.The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive.Text Organization

1.Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.2.Let‘s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.Language Sense Enhancement

1.(1)controversy(2)consciousness(3)explore(4)serves their own purposes(5)encounter(6)lack of it(7)convinced(8)mental feats(9)captivity(10)humans

Language Focus

I.Vocabulary

1.1)go(very)far 2)has expanded 3)in the interest(s)of 4)only to

5)encountered 6)has cooperated 7)assessed 8)(had)switched

9)horizons 10)gaze 11)disaster 12)wiped out

2.1)… a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not

2)… felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly

3)...suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay

4)… is obvious that our company is still maintaining its composition as market leader in software.5)… give in until they give her a pay rise

3.1)have undertaken, original, to explore

2)evidence convinced, underneath, extending to

3)to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, explore

II.Confusable Words

1.firstly 2.first, first 3.At first 4.First/Firstly

5.first 6.First 7.at first 8.first

III.Usage

1.animal intelligence whose

2.zoo keeper where

3.eye contact through what

4.money supply of what

5.killer whale what kind

6.baby whale how old

7.family member of what

8.sea turtle what kind/where

Comprehensive Exercises

I.Cloze

1.(1)emergency(2)evidence(3)original(4)sizing up

(5)negotiates(6)reveal(7)make a deal(8)dominant

(9)in their interest(s)(10)deceiving(11)controversy

(12)judgment(13)explore

2.(1)protect(2)However(3)type(4)situation(5)sights

(6)together(7)rang(8)associate(9)without(10)environment

II.Translation

1.1)A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)Let‘s make a deal—you wash my car, and I‘ll let you use it tonight.3)We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4)My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition

5)Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star‘s death/exact circumstance of the film star‘s death.2.When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown.There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male.They were dept in a huge iron cage at first, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill.Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended.Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!

unit8

關(guān)于懶散少年的寓言故事

——本杰明·斯坦

去年一個(gè)秋日，我文件夾用完了，便去雜貨店買。我拿了一大把文件夾擱在柜臺(tái)上，問(wèn)一個(gè)十幾歲的售貨員多少錢。―不知道，‖她回答說(shuō)，―反正單價(jià)12美分。‖

我數(shù)了數(shù)文件夾。―二十三個(gè)，單價(jià)12美分，總共2.76美金，不含稅，‖我說(shuō)。

―你心算的？‖她驚奇地問(wèn)道，―你怎么會(huì)算出來(lái)的？‖

―靠魔力，‖ 我說(shuō)。

―真的？‖ 她問(wèn)。

略受教育的成年人沒(méi)有誰(shuí)不會(huì)為這樣的經(jīng)歷難過(guò)。雖然我們的孩子似乎比以往任何時(shí)候都要溫厚和氣，他們卻如此無(wú)知——對(duì)自己的無(wú)知狀況也如此無(wú)知——以至使我感到可怕。在我最近任教的一所私立大學(xué)，一個(gè)六十人的四年級(jí)班上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生寫短文時(shí)不犯拼寫錯(cuò)誤。沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生例外。

但這只是問(wèn)題的一小部分。在我所見(jiàn)過(guò)的許多學(xué)生中，再也沒(méi)有過(guò)去學(xué)生都有的哪怕是進(jìn)行最簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算的能力，他們對(duì)世界歷史和地理都一無(wú)所知。

更有甚者，他們對(duì)這種種的無(wú)知卻毫不在乎，實(shí)在令人不寒而栗。一位朋友的聰明但卻很懶散的十六歲兒子在解釋他為什么不想上加州洛杉磯分校時(shí)說(shuō)的話是對(duì)這種態(tài)度的高度概括。―我不想去那兒跟亞洲人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，‖他說(shuō)，―他們用功，什么都知道?！?/p>

其實(shí)，無(wú)論他是否愿意，這位年輕人都將不得不去跟亞洲人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。他不能永遠(yuǎn)躺在先輩積累的經(jīng)濟(jì)、物質(zhì)與人力資本上。用不了多久，他懶于用腦的結(jié)果將嚴(yán)重影響他的生活方式，也將影響我們其他所有的人。一個(gè)現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化國(guó)家無(wú)法靠一支懶散、無(wú)知的勞動(dòng)大軍運(yùn)行。飛機(jī)會(huì)墜落。計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)出故障。汽車會(huì)拋錨。

為使這樣的美國(guó)青年徹底認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，我的愚見(jiàn)是：拍一部電影，或電視連續(xù)劇，生動(dòng)地描述我們國(guó)家的今天如何來(lái)之不易——而要喪失這一切又何其容易。下面我奉獻(xiàn)一篇寓言故事。

故事開(kāi)始時(shí)，我們的主人公凱文·漢利1990，一名十七歲的高三學(xué)生，正坐在自己房間里，心情痛苦。他父母一定要他準(zhǔn)備歐洲史考試。而他則想去買一副激光唱片隨身聽(tīng)的耳機(jī)。他被迫要讀的書——《各國(guó)的財(cái)富》——讓他打瞌睡。

凱文進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)，時(shí)值1835年，他是他本人的曾太祖父，十七歲，是愛(ài)爾蘭克雷郡的一個(gè)農(nóng)民。他住在小小的陋室里，睡在一頭豬旁。他老是挨餓，總是要找吃的。他最大的心愿是學(xué)會(huì)讀書寫字，以便找一個(gè)職員的工作。有了固定的工資，他就能養(yǎng)活自己，貼補(bǔ)家用。但漢利的貧窮使他無(wú)從享受上學(xué)這樣的奢侈。沒(méi)有教育，沒(méi)有錢，他無(wú)能為力。他惟一的希望寄托在孩子身上。如果他們能接受教育，他們就會(huì)生活得好一些。

我們的寓言故事快速展開(kāi)。現(xiàn)在凱文·漢利1990成了他自己的曾祖父，凱文·漢利1928。他也是十七歲，在匹茲堡一家鋼鐵廠工作。他的父親從愛(ài)爾蘭來(lái)到美國(guó)，參加過(guò)紐約地鐵的修建。凱文·漢利1928比自己的父親和祖父境遇好多了。他能讀書寫字。他的工資比先輩在愛(ài)爾蘭時(shí)的收入高多了。

接下來(lái)凱文·漢利1990夢(mèng)見(jiàn)自己成了他自己的祖父凱文·漢利1945。他正在硫黃島與死敵日本軍隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)。他總是又熱又餓又害怕。一天晚上他在散兵坑里與一個(gè)朋友講自己為什么在那兒作戰(zhàn)：―這樣我的兒子、孫子就能生活在和平安全的環(huán)境里。等我回國(guó)了，我要勤奮工作，讓兒子上大學(xué)，這樣他就可以干腦力活兒，而不是靠賣苦力生活?！?/p>

接著凱文·漢利1990成了他自己的父親凱文·漢利1966。他終日用功，這樣就可以上大學(xué)，進(jìn)法學(xué)院。他住在漂亮的房子里。他一生在和平環(huán)境中過(guò)著富裕的生活。他對(duì)女朋友說(shuō)，等他有了兒子，他不會(huì)像他父親逼他那樣逼自己的兒子整天讀書。

就在這時(shí)，凱文·漢利1990被自己的夢(mèng)驚醒了。他離開(kāi)了愛(ài)爾蘭，離開(kāi)了那家鋼鐵廠，離開(kāi)了硫黃島，不由松了口氣。他又睡著了。

他接著做夢(mèng)，這次成了他自己的兒子凱文·漢利2020。槍聲日夜不停。他那整個(gè)一代人忘卻了過(guò)去為什么要有法律，因此現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有法律了。人們絲毫不關(guān)心政治，政府不為工人階級(jí)提供服務(wù)。

凱文2020的父親，自然就是凱文1990本人，在日本人開(kāi)的一家工廠當(dāng)清潔工。凱文2020在一家專為有錢的歐洲人和亞洲人開(kāi)的酒店里當(dāng)行李工。公共教育到六年級(jí)為止。美國(guó)人早就不再要求自己的孩子接受良好的教育。

凱文1990最后夢(mèng)見(jiàn)的是他自己的孫子。凱文2050沒(méi)有有用的技能。日本制造的機(jī)器包攬了所有復(fù)雜的工作，沒(méi)有什么體力活可做。沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育，沒(méi)有受過(guò)訓(xùn)練，他掙不到足夠的錢養(yǎng)活自己。他住在貧民窟，沒(méi)有暖氣，沒(méi)有衛(wèi)生設(shè)備，無(wú)法不受四鄰干擾，靠搜撿破爛度日。

總之，他的生活就像凱文·漢利1835在愛(ài)爾蘭時(shí)一模一樣?？墒怯幸惶?，凱文·漢利2050與一位研究美國(guó)衰亡史的來(lái)訪日本人類學(xué)家交上了朋友。那人跟凱文解釋說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)人沒(méi)有錢，教育能提供積累金融資本所必需的人力資本。勤奮、教育、節(jié)儉、紀(jì)律能成就一切。―我們就是這樣從一百多年前你們打敗我們的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)廢墟中站起來(lái)的?！?/p>

―美國(guó)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中打敗日本？‖凱文2050問(wèn)道。他驚訝之極。這聽(tīng)起來(lái)就像說(shuō)巴西在1990年打敗美國(guó)一樣不可思議。凱文2050發(fā)誓，如果他有孩子的話，他一定要讓他們工作、上學(xué)、學(xué)習(xí)并約束自己。―能憑自己的腦力，而不是靠偷竊為生，‖他說(shuō)，―那將會(huì)是個(gè)奇跡?！?/p>

凱文1990醒了過(guò)來(lái)，身旁放著他的那本《各國(guó)的財(cái)富》。他打開(kāi)書，跳入眼簾的第一句話就是：―一個(gè)不能恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用人類智力的人極可能比懦夫更可鄙?！?/p>

凱文的父親走了進(jìn)來(lái)。―好了，兒子，‖ 他說(shuō)，―咱們?nèi)タ炊鷻C(jī)吧。‖

―抱歉了，爸爸，‖凱文1990說(shuō)，―我得看書學(xué)習(xí)了?！?/p>

Pair work

1.She was amazed at the author‘s ability to do mental calculation.2.Children can‘t spell correctly;their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent

3.He didn‘t want to compete with the hard-working Asians at U.C.L.A.He preferred a less intellectually challenging life.4.A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.5.To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today‘s teenagers.6.He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.7.They can‘t read or write.They place their hopes on their children.8.He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.9.Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.10.Americans stop demanding good education foe children.Machines do all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done.America is poorer than Japan and European countries.11.Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.12.He finally comes to realize the importance of study.Work on your own 1.Part one paras.1-10

Teenagers‘ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.Part two paras.11-24

Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.2.Part one

Teenagers‘ intellectual laziness and ignorance

Part two

Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.America is on the decline.There is no law and order in the country.America children have no chance to receive a good education.Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.Language sense enhancement

Indifference(1)

Summed up(2)

Preferred(3)

Financial（4）

Accumulated（5）

Intellectual（6）

第四篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程1課后翻譯答案

Unit 1

1.那是個(gè)正式的宴會(huì)，我照媽媽對(duì)我講的那樣穿著禮服去了。As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, asMother told me to do.2.他的女友勸他趁抽煙的壞習(xí)慣還未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。

His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid ofhis badhabit of smoking before it took hold.3.他們預(yù)料到下幾個(gè)月電的需求量很大，決定增加生產(chǎn)。Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be highduring the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.據(jù)說(shuō)比爾因一再違反公司的安全規(guī)章而被解雇。Itis said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.或Bill is saidto have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.據(jù)報(bào)道地方政府已采取適當(dāng)措施避免嚴(yán)重缺水的可能性。It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility ofa severe water shortage.或The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid thepossibility of a severe water shortage.Unit 2 1)半個(gè)小時(shí)過(guò)去了，但末班車還沒(méi)來(lái)。我們只好走回家。Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)瑪麗看上去對(duì)漢語(yǔ)考試很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樗€沒(méi)有背熟課文。Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)既然籃球賽已被推遲，我們不妨去參觀博物館。

Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)個(gè)二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間他一直和父母住在澳大利亞。He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ

5)自 1985 年從南京大學(xué)畢業(yè)至今，可以說(shuō)我與我的大學(xué)同學(xué)失去了聯(lián)系。Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.Unit 3 1)正如科學(xué)家所預(yù)言的那樣，全球污染成了人類面臨的最嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題之一。

As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)謀求這些職位的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈——今年的求職者是去年的五倍。Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we didlast year.There are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)正如事實(shí)表明的那樣，教育大綱應(yīng)當(dāng)符合國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃。As the factsshow, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)這輛汽車太費(fèi)油，而且價(jià)錢幾乎是我想付的兩倍。

The car burns too much gas, and moreover,the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)要了解一起重大的國(guó)際事件，我們首先需要考慮其歷史與政治背景。To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.Unit 4 1)據(jù)報(bào)道，聯(lián)合國(guó)斡旋者制定出了他們希望雙方都能接受的方案。It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hopewillbe acceptable to both sides.2)多麗絲小心翼翼的在森林里行走，害怕遭到大蛇的攻擊。Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)地震、臺(tái)風(fēng)和其他自然災(zāi)害無(wú)法防止，但可以采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。

Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disaters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)我買了新的一期我最喜歡的體育雜志就趕緊回家，急著想讀之自?shī)?。I bought a new issue of myfavorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious toamuse myself reading it.5)海倫缺乏自信。我從未遇到過(guò)像他那樣沒(méi)有自信的人。Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.Unit 5

1)我不太清楚哪兒你能找到個(gè)好木工——你最好四處打聽(tīng)打聽(tīng)。I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)他感到有點(diǎn)尷尬，趕緊清了清喉嚨，抬頭看著墻上的畫。

Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared histhroat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)邁克爾去世了，留下三個(gè)兒子、兩個(gè)女兒和妻子伊麗莎白。Michael was survived by three sons,two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)作為金融專家，威廉建議我們投資股票市場(chǎng)。a financial expert, William As advised us to invest our money in the stockmarket.5)我們這些小零售商無(wú)法和超市在價(jià)格和銷售等方面競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.Unit 6 1.在我上大學(xué)之前，祖父對(duì)我說(shuō)的那幾句充滿智慧的話給我留下了深刻印象。

Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2.千萬(wàn)別把我的傷勢(shì)告訴我父母，我會(huì)很感激你的。Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).3.我們有幾個(gè)同事在會(huì)上提出了改進(jìn)工作環(huán)境的合理。At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions aboutimproving our working environment.4.迫于工會(huì)壓力，資方同意給工人增加 10%的工資。

The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5.女主人考慮得很周到，在我們到來(lái)之前把房子打掃得干干凈凈。It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.Unit 7 1)當(dāng)?shù)匾患夜境袚?dān)了此項(xiàng)工程，但工程沒(méi)完工就破產(chǎn)了。

A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)我和你做筆交易—你替我洗車，我晚上把車借給你開(kāi)。

Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3)我們到達(dá)那個(gè)我們本以為已毀于那次大地震的村莊時(shí)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它只受到輕微 損失。We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped outin the severe earthquake,only to find it slightly damaged.4)我的花園即干燥又背陰。在那樣的環(huán)境里，很少有植物能茁壯成長(zhǎng)。My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition.5)那位電影明星的死亡真相至今仍被謎團(tuán)籠罩著。Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.Unit 8 1)沒(méi)有個(gè)人檔案，求職者很難指望受雇當(dāng)老師。

Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as ateacher.2)有了足夠的冰，我們就能冰這些飲料了。With enough ice, we wouldbe able to chill the drinks.3)依我愚見(jiàn)，閱讀是打發(fā)閑暇的最悅?cè)朔绞?。my humble opinion, reading us In the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.4)有人說(shuō)，美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員邁克爾?菲爾普斯在 2008 北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)上贏得 8 塊金牌簡(jiǎn) 直是奇跡。

Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.5)洗衣機(jī)壞了，我們只能用手洗衣服了。The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothes by hand.

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2 unit6 課后翻譯練習(xí)題(附答案)

Unit6

1.其他人在廚房里準(zhǔn)備食物的時(shí)候，我們被要求去布置花園。（assign）

Our group was assigned to decorate the garden while the others were preparing the food in the kitchen.2.那位年輕人在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上意外地遇到失散已久的兄弟，驚喜不已。（out of the blue）

On the battlefield the young man was delighted to meet a long-lost brother who came out of the blue.3.誰(shuí)把牛奶用完了？我咖啡里沒(méi)奶可放了。（use up）

Who has used up the milk? There is none to put in my coffee.4.有謠傳說(shuō)，博物館里的這幅畫是贗品，原畫已于三年前被盜。（fake rumour has it that）Rumor has it that this painting is fake and that the original one was stolen three years ago.5.你單槍匹馬也許不能改變什么，但是我們大家一起努力，我們國(guó)家的面貌就會(huì)大不相同。（make a difference）

One person may not be able to change much, but working together we’ll be able to make great difference to our country.6.許多入室盜竊案之所以發(fā)生，是因?yàn)橹魅藳](méi)有采取預(yù)防措施關(guān)鎖門窗。

（burglaryprecaution）

Many burglaries took place because the owner failed to take the precaution of locking their doors and windows.7.為了避免爆發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，這位部長(zhǎng)飛到前線，和**分子談判。（in an effort to）

The minister flew to the front to negotiate with the rioters in an effort to prevent a civil war.8.我看到你們?cè)谕頃?huì)上談話，所以以為你們互相認(rèn)識(shí)。（assume）

I assumed you knew each other because I saw you talking with each other at the party.