第一篇：初一語法總結(jié)

一.詞匯 ⑴ 單詞

1.介詞：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of

1).in表示“在……中”，“在……內(nèi)”。

例如： in our class 在我們班上

in my bag 在我的書包里

in the desk 在桌子里

in the classroom 在教室里

2).on 表示“在……上”。

例如： on the wall 在墻上

on the desk 在桌子上

on the blackboard 在黑板上

3).under表示“在……下”。

例如： under the tree 在樹下

under the chair 在椅子下

under the bed 在床下

4).behind表示“在……后面”。

例如： behind the door 在門后

behind the tree 在樹后

5).near表示“在……附近”。

例如： near the teacher's desk 在講桌附近

near the bed 在床附近

6).at表示“在……處”。

例如： at school 在學(xué)校

at home 在家

at the door 在門口

7).of 表示“……的”。

例如： a picture of our classroom 我們教室的一幅畫

a map of China 一張中國地圖

2.冠詞 a / an / the: 冠詞一般位于所限定的名詞前，用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個(gè)形式，即a和an。

a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前，如a book;an用在以元音音素開頭的字母前，如an apple.a或an與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，泛指某類人或某物中的一個(gè)。This is a cat.這是一只貓。It's an English book.這是一本英語書。His father is a worker.他的爸爸是個(gè)工人。

the既可以用在可數(shù)名詞前，也可以用在不可數(shù)名詞前，表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。

Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是誰呀？

What can you see in the classroom? 你能在教室里看到什么呀？

I can see a bag.我能看見一個(gè)書包。

Where's the bag? 書包在哪呀？

It's on the desk.在桌子上。

3.some和any

①在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些書。Lucy has some good books露西有一些好書。②在疑問句和否定句中用any。例如： Is there any ink in your pen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎？ Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎？ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒有水。

⑵記住它們的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中，這一點(diǎn)我們不久就會(huì)學(xué)到。例如： Would you like to have some apples?你想吃蘋果嗎？ ②any也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何的”。例如： Any one of us can do this.我們當(dāng)中任何一個(gè)都能做這個(gè)。some 和any的用法是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)，希望大家能準(zhǔn)確地掌握它們的用法。

4.family與home

family看作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)，意思是“家庭”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞be用單數(shù)形式 is ；如把family看作為家庭成員時(shí)，應(yīng)理解為復(fù)數(shù)，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)用are。My family is a big family.我的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。My family are all at home now.我的家人現(xiàn)在都在家。Family強(qiáng)調(diào)由家人組成的一個(gè)集體或強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的成員。

home指個(gè)人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長大的環(huán)境和居住地點(diǎn)。house指“家”、“房屋”，側(cè)重居住的建筑本身。His family are all workers.他的家人都是工人。My home is in

Beijing.我的家在北京。He isn't at home now.他現(xiàn)在不在家。It's a picture of my family.這是一張我全家的照片。

5.little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一個(gè)小男孩。little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。*但little還可表示否定意義，意為“少的”，加不可數(shù)名詞。There is little time.幾乎沒時(shí)間了。There is little water in the cup.杯中水很少。

二.日常用語

1.Come and meet my family.2.Go and see.I think it's Li Lei.3.Glad to meet you.4.What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books.5.Can you see an orange? Yes, I can./ No, I can't.6.Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.7.Let me see.（口語）讓我想想看。see 在這是“明白、懂了”，不可譯作“看見”。

8.Please have a seat.seat表示“座位”，是個(gè)名詞。have a seat表示“就坐”，也可以說take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。

三.語法

1.名詞所有格 名詞如要表示與后面名詞的所有關(guān)系，通常用名詞所有格的形式，意為“……的”。一般有以下幾種形式：

（1）一般情況下在詞尾加“'s”。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友

（2）如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾，只加“'”。例如： Teachers' Day 教師節(jié) The boys' game 男孩們的游戲

（3）如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞不以s結(jié)尾，仍加“'s”。例如： Children's Day 兒童節(jié) Women's Day 婦女節(jié)

（4）表示兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)共有時(shí)，所有格應(yīng)加在后一個(gè)名詞上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房間 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸。動(dòng)物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加“'s”，而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。a map of China 一幅中國地圖 the name of her cat 她的貓的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一張照片 the door of the bedroom 臥室的門

2.祈使句 祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。為使語氣委婉、禮貌，常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾時(shí)，please前多用逗號。

（1）祈使句肯定形式的謂語動(dòng)詞一律用動(dòng)詞原形。Go and see.去看看。Come in, please.請進(jìn)。

（2）祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。

Don't look at your books.不要看書。

Don't play on the road.不要在馬路上玩。

3.There be 的句子結(jié)構(gòu) There be是一個(gè)“存在”句型，表示“有”的意思，肯定句的形式為：There be + 名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）+地點(diǎn)狀語或時(shí)間狀語。be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定，看be后邊第一個(gè)名詞，當(dāng)所接主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞形式為is；當(dāng)所接主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞為are；當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)以上主語時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞與最臨近主語保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為“某地有某人或某物”。如：

There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。

（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。否定形式為：There be + not +(any)+ 名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語。There is not any cat in the room.房間里沒貓。There aren't any books on the desk.桌子上沒書。

（2）there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首：Be there +(any)+名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語？

肯定回答：Yes, there is / are.否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.---Is there a dog in the picture? 畫上有一只狗嗎？---Yes, there is.有。---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船嗎？---No, there aren't.沒有。

（3）特殊疑問句：How many...are there(+地點(diǎn)狀語)？“某地有多少人或物？”回答用There be...There's one./ There are two / three / some...有時(shí)直接就用數(shù)字來回答。One./ Two...---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學(xué)生？---There's only one./ There are nine.只有一個(gè)。/有九個(gè)。

（4）如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用：How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 地點(diǎn)狀語？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？ How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？

be from=come from

a few+可數(shù)名詞 a litte+不可數(shù)名詞

lt“s down+街名+on the left（r ight）沿著XX街的左（右）走

take a work =go for A work（散步）

enjoy sth ,enjoy donging sth ,enjoy +one self =have fun ovre there =lt“s therel hope to do l hope +句子

一、How do you like...？ 〔句型介紹〕 用來詢問對某人 / 物喜歡到什么程度，意為”你覺得......怎么樣“，常以I like...a lot / a great deal / very much.回答。-How do you like your hometown? 你覺得你家鄉(xiāng)怎么樣？-I like it very much.我很喜歡。〔句式比較〕 What do you think of...？= How do you think about...？= How do you find / enjoy...？不知道對方是否喜歡某人 / 物而加以詢問，回答時(shí)應(yīng)對此人 / 物作出評價(jià)。-What do you think of / How do you think about the book? 你認(rèn)為這本書怎么樣？-Very interesting.很有趣。-How do you find / enjoy this programme? 你認(rèn)為這個(gè)節(jié)目怎么樣？-Dull.枯燥?！蔡貏e提醒〕 注意這些句式的不同含義。

二、What do you have for...？ 〔句型介紹〕 用來詢問某人一日三餐吃什么，for后面應(yīng)接一日三餐名詞。-What do you have for lunch? 你中午吃什么？-I usually have rice.我通常吃米飯。〔句式比較〕 What do you eat for...？與What do you have for...？用法相同。-What do you eat for your supper? 晚飯你吃什么？-Noodles.面條?！蔡貏e提醒〕 因句中have為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，所以該句型不能改為What have you for...？

三、What do you do...? 〔句型介紹〕該句詢問對方職業(yè)，意為”你是干什么的？“，人稱可隨語境而變化，第一個(gè)do為助動(dòng)詞，單復(fù)數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化，第二個(gè)do為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。-What do you do? 你是干什么的？-I'm a worker.我是一個(gè)工人。〔句式比較〕 What are you? 你是干什么的？what表職業(yè)，be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。What is he? 他是干什么的？-He is a student.他是一個(gè)學(xué)生?！蔡貏e提醒〕 注意what的不同含義。

四、How do you go to...? 〔句型介紹〕 該句為詢問對方交通方式的用語，常用by, in, on接交通工具的名詞作回答。-How do you go to school? 你怎么去上學(xué)？-By bus.乘公共汽車?！簿涫奖容^〕 How do you come to...？的用法與How do you go to...?句型相似。-How do you come to our school? 你怎么來到我們學(xué)校的？-In a taxi.打的來的。〔特別提醒〕 回答這兩個(gè)句型時(shí)，by后面應(yīng)接交通工具名詞原形，而in, on后面根據(jù)需要可用不定冠詞或數(shù)詞修飾交通工具名詞。

五、What's your favourite...？ 〔句型介紹〕 該句用來詢問對方最喜歡什么，相當(dāng)于What...do you like best?-What's your favourite subject? 你最喜歡什么學(xué)科？-English.英語。-What colour do you like best? 你最喜歡什么顏色？-Red.紅色。〔句式比較〕 Which...do you like best? 你最喜歡哪一個(gè)......？-Which book do you like best? 你最喜歡哪一本書？-This one.這一本?！蔡貏e提醒〕關(guān)注這些句型含義和結(jié)構(gòu)的微小區(qū)別。

六、What's wrong with...？ 〔句型介紹〕 該句詢問某人或某物有何毛病，意為”......怎么啦？" wrong為形容詞，前面不加定冠詞。What's wrong with you? You don't look well.你怎么啦？臉色看起來不好?！簿涫奖容^〕 What's the matter / trouble with...？含義和用法與What's wrong with...？相同，matter和trouble為名詞，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞。-What's the trouble / matter with your bike? 你的自行車怎么啦？-It can't run fast.它走不快。〔特別提醒〕 注意這些句型中連系動(dòng)詞后面有無冠詞。

第二篇：初一期末語法總結(jié)

一、動(dòng)詞be（is,am,are）的用法

我（I）用am, 你（you）用are，is跟著他（he）、她（she）、它（it）。

單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。

變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。

還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。

二.this，that和it用法

1.this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。

2.距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如：

This is a flower.這是一朵花。(近處)That is a tree.那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)

3.放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this, 后說that。如：

This is a pen.That is a pencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。

4.向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is…, 不說That is…。如：

This is Helen.Helen, this is Tom.這是海倫。海倫，這是湯姆。

5.This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如：

This is a bike.That’s a car.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。

6.打電話時(shí)，介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如：

—Hello!Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐嗎？ —Yes, this is.Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是誰？

注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you?

7.在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。如：

①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎？ —Yes, it is.是的，它是。

②—What’s that? 那是什么？ —It’s a kite.是只風(fēng)箏。三.these和those用法

this, that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式，指時(shí)間、距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事；those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式，指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。

①This is my bed.That is Lily’s bed.這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②These pictures are good.那些畫很好。③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎？

在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí)，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如： ④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎？ Yes, they are.是的，他們是。

四.不定冠詞a和an

a和an都是不定冠詞，表示一（個(gè)，支，本，塊……）的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別，用來限定名詞。a用在輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前，如：a pencil（一支鉛筆），a book（一本書）；an用在元音音素開頭的名詞前，如an eraser（一塊橡皮）。如果名詞前有修飾語，用a還是用an，則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如：

a clock 一座鐘

an old clock 一座舊鐘

a book 一本書

an English book 一本英語書

a nice apple 一個(gè)可愛的蘋果

an apple

一個(gè)蘋果

五.名詞＋’s所有格

六.There be句型

1.There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時(shí)）有某人（某物）?！逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“There be＋某物（某人）＋某地（某時(shí)）”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞，be是謂語動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。

下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結(jié)構(gòu)：

There be放句首，主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如：

There is a book on the desk.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如：

On the desk there is a book.2.There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢？請先看看下面這首歌訣： Be動(dòng)詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are?！癟here be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。

要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如： ①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.③There are some pears in the box.3.注意：如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：

①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.七.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或表示現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)。

當(dāng)主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變化形式（見下表）。如：

當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，行為動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變化如下表：

八.句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，注意以下五要素

1.主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。如：

She is a girl.→They are girls.2.am，is要變?yōu)閍re。如：

I’m a student.→We are students.3.不定冠詞a，an要去掉。如：

He is a boy.→They are boys.4.普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：

It is an apple.→They are apples.5.指示代詞this，that要變?yōu)閠hese，those。如：

This is a box.→These are boxes.九.英語日期的表示法

英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞，它們的首字母必須大寫，并且前面無需用冠詞。

用英語表示日期，其順序?yàn)樵?日+年，日和年之間需用逗號隔開。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)。英語日期前介詞的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，則用介詞in，若具體到某一天，則需用介詞on。如： ①She was born in 1989

②She was born in August.③She was born in August 1989.④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.十.名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)

在英語里面，名詞分可數(shù)名詞（countable noun）和不可數(shù)名詞（uncountable noun）。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用；可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，一個(gè)的前面要用a或an，eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card，而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化，情況如下：

(1)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”

book→books，pen→pens，car→cars，map→maps，cartoon→cartoons

(2)以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”

box→boxes，watch→watches

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”，改成“i”，再加“es”

family→families，comedy→comedies

(4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，先去掉f或fe，改成“v”再加es

knife→knives，wife→wives，handkerchief→handkerchieves

(5)特殊詞，特殊變化，需單獨(dú)記：

child→children，man→men，foot→feet，woman→women tooth→teeth，sheep→sheep，deer→deer

十一.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法

1.直讀式，即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字

7: 05 seven five

8:16 eight sixteen

2.過、差式，即幾點(diǎn)差幾分，幾點(diǎn)過幾分。（以30分為分界線）

1:25 twenty-five past one

2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five

3.12小時(shí)制

6:00 a.m.上午6點(diǎn)

8:20 p.m.下午8點(diǎn)20分

4.24小時(shí)制

13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘

22:15 22點(diǎn)15分

5.15分可用quarter

4:15 a quarter past four

5:45 a quarter to six

6.時(shí)間前通常用介詞at

at 5 o’clock

at 7:30 p.m.十二.關(guān)于時(shí)間的問法

1.以when提問,“什么時(shí)候”可以是較長的時(shí)間段，也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如：

①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么時(shí)候？

②My birthday is Dec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段

①When do you go home?

你幾點(diǎn)回家？

②I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午4：30回家.這里when問的是具體的時(shí)間。

2.具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問，如：

①What time is it now?/What’s the time now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？

It’s 9:26.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。

②What time is it by your watch? 你手表幾點(diǎn)了？

It’s 8:36.Oh, It’s 50 minutes late.8:36，哦，它慢了50分鐘。③What time do you get up? 你幾點(diǎn)起床？ I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上6點(diǎn)起床。

第三篇：初一語法總結(jié)及練習(xí)

初一語法總結(jié)

一、詞法

1、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）

2、代詞項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself

復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself

復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves

第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself

he him his his himselfit it its its this that itself

復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirsthese those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A）第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：

一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B）現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：

一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陳述句肯定陳述句

a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)

b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)

c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad? d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式

1)Cemetery________ 2)tooth _______3)country ______4)month________

5)sandwich_______ 6)brush _______7)candy bar______8)kangaroo ______

9)man ________10)day _______11)watch _______12)photo ________

13)orange ________14)dictionary _______15)tomato _______ 16)dollar _________

17)peach_______18)strawberry ______ 19)church______20)child _________

用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空

1.You ______ from India.Brian _____ from Korea.And I _____ from China.(be)

2.I ______ Chinese and English.Brian _______ German, Chinese and English.(speak)

3.George ________from Italy but he _______ spaghetti very much..(come, like)

4.Penguins _______ in Antarctica.It’s cold, so no people want __________ there.(live)

5.The movie is very scary.I __________ it is a good movie for kids.(think)

6.--Can I _____ your dictionary?

--I am sorry.My dictionary is at home but I think Mary _____ one.(have)

7.We are in the music club.Tom ____ ______ the piano.Michael and Diana _____

_____ the violin.I __________ the guitar.(play)

8.The 1st class _____(start)at 8:00 o’clock and it _____(be)over at 8:40.9.His mother is a teacher.She ______(teach)Chinese in our school.10.I usually ______(come)to the classroom at 7:00 am.But he always ______

(come)to schoolat 7:50 am.11.Julia always ______(go)shopping by car.But sometimes she ______(take)a bus.12.---______(Do)your father usually help you with your homework?---Yes, he

______(do).13.He ______(not go)home on weekends.So he always ______(wash)clothes by himself.14.Peter ______(speak)English very well.He can also ______(speak)French and German.15.David______(not play）football.He only ______(watch)the football games on TV.16.My brother and I ______(want)to go to see an action movie.______(do)you want to go?

17.My uncle _______(not need)a calculator.18.---________(Do)Peter have a baseball ?

---Yes, he _____(do), and he ________ two baseball bats.19.Mum, can you ______(take)me to the tennis club?

20.---May I help you?

---Yes, I ________(look)for a book on gardening.將下列句子改為一般疑問句, 并作肯定和否定兩種回答。

1.I have a dictionary.2.There are a lot of animals in the zoo.3.He does his homework at night.4.Dogs live in all parts of the world.5.Greenfield is a small village in England.將下列句子改為否定句。

1.There is a very high waterfall in Venezuela.2.Egypt has a very long river.3.She does her homework every day.4.I come to school by bus.5.She can swim very well.對劃線部分提問。

1.2.3.4.5.7.Kangaroos live in Australia.8.9.He’

_______did you pay for the CD ?

Only nine dollars.A how manyB how muchC how longD how often

_______are you in such a hurry?

The meeting will start soon.I don’t want to be late.A whereB howC whenD why

第四篇：英語口語對話100組及初一語法總結(jié)

舉報(bào)

1.Good morning.早上好。2.Good afternoon.下午好。

3.How are you.I‘m fine，thank you.你好么？我很好，謝謝。4.Are you fine today？

你今天還好么？

5.What‘s your name？

你叫什么名字？

6.This is my twin brother，這是我的雙胞胎兄弟。

7.What is it？It‘s a photo of my family.這是什么？這是我的一張全家福 8.Who is she？She is my sister.她是誰？她是我的姐妹。

9.Who‘s this man？ He is my father.這個(gè)男的是誰？他是我的爸爸。

10.What‘s he？He is a doctor.他是干什么工作的？他是一位醫(yī)生。

11.Is this your mother？ Yes，she‘s a worker.這是你的媽媽么？是的，她是一位工人。12.Are we classmates？Yes，we are.我們是同學(xué)么？是的，我們是同學(xué)。13.How old are you？I‘m twelve.你多大了？ 我十二歲了。

14.He‘s my cousin Andy.他是我的堂兄安蒂。

15.He‘s polite and helpful.他很有禮貌而且樂于助人。16.She is short and slim.她又矮又瘦。

17.He is tall and strong.他又高又壯。

18.He is from England.He‘s English.他來自英格蘭，他是英國人。19.I have a photo here.我這邊有張照片。

20.Let me have a look.讓我看一下。

21.Is this their dog？ 這是他們的狗么？

22.Do you know this boy？ 你認(rèn)識這個(gè)男孩么？ 23.Look at them.看他們。

24.They are happy too.他們也很高興。

25.All my new classmates 我所有的新同學(xué)

26.Open/Close the door.打開/關(guān)上門。

27.Stand up./ Sit down.站起來/坐下。

28.clean the window 擦窗戶

29.go to school 去學(xué)校

30.You are late.Don‘t be late again.你遲到了。別再遲到了。

31.There are sixteen boys and fourteen girls in my class.我們班里有十六個(gè)男孩和十四個(gè)女孩。32.an art room 一間美術(shù)室 33.a poster 一張招貼畫

34.fifteen rubbers 十五塊橡皮

35.eighteen pencils 十八支鉛筆

36.twenty students 二十個(gè)學(xué)生

37.Is this your school？

這是你的學(xué)校么？

38.Is there a computer room in your school？

你的學(xué)校有一個(gè)電腦房么？ 39.football field 足球場

40.How many classrooms are there in your school？

你的學(xué)校有多少間教室？ 41.an office 一個(gè)辦公室 42.a toilet 一間廁所 43.a library 一個(gè)圖書館

44.Are there three buildings in Tom‘s school？

湯姆的學(xué)校里有三座大樓。

45.Are there three art rooms in Building C？

在 C 棟大樓里有三間美術(shù)室

46.Is there a playground in Tom‘s school？ 湯姆的學(xué)校里有一個(gè)操場么？

47.How many halls are there in your school？

你的學(xué)校里有幾個(gè)禮堂？

48.There are two hundred students in my school.我的學(xué)校有兩百個(gè)學(xué)生。49.On the ground floor.在一樓（英式）

50.On the first floor.在一樓（美式）在二樓（英式）

51.There aren‘t any libraries in my school，but there are some reading rooms.我們學(xué)校沒有圖書館，但有閱覽室

52.Are there any libraries in the school？

學(xué)校里有圖書館么？ 53.basketball court 籃球場

54.dining hall 食堂

55.reading room 閱覽室

56.where is the bird？ It‘s in the tree.小鳥在哪？它在樹上。

57.where are the students？They are on the playground.學(xué)生們在哪？他們在操場上。

58.on the left/right of ……

在……左邊/在……右邊

59.what‘s in the tree？

什么東西在樹上？

60.Some boats are on tne lake.湖上有一些船。61.behind the tree 在樹的后面

62.under the chair 在椅子的下面 63.come here 到這兒來

64.in the middle of 在……的中間 65.between the two flowers 在兩朵花的中間

66.what‘s in the box？

盒子里是什么？

67.what colour is it/are they？

它/它們是什么顏色

68.what are these？ They are Dad‘s black trousers.這些是什么？它們是爸爸的黑褲子。69.her yellow blouse 她的黃色的襯衫

70.her pink sweater 她的粉紅色的毛衣 71.his brown cap 他的棕色的帽子 72.his red T-shirt 他的紅色的短袖襯衫 73.his blue jeans 他的藍(lán)色的牛仔褲 74.her grey skirt 他的灰色的裙子

75.whose bike is it？

它是誰的車？

76.Here is your coat.這是你的外套

77.Take your kites.把你們的風(fēng)箏拿走。78.Here you are 給你

79.Here they are.And here are your socks.它們在這兒，這是你的襪子。80.Here are my pictures.這是我的圖片。

81.Do you have a camera？

你有一架相機(jī)么？ 82.comic book 漫畫書

83.Do you have any bats？

你有球拍么？ 84.model plane 模型飛機(jī) 85.whose ball is this？Is it yours？ No，it‘s not mine，it''s hers.這是誰的球？是你的么？不，不是我的，它是她的。

86.every student has ……

每個(gè)學(xué)生有…… 87.what do they have in their lockers？

他們的儲(chǔ)物柜里有些什么？ 88.a pair of glasses 一副眼鏡

89.what about Millie？

米莉怎么樣？

90.beside ……

在……旁邊

91.sports shoes 運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋

92.whose watch is this？

這是誰的手表？

93.Are these hair clips yours？

這些發(fā)卡是你的么？

94.I don‘t have any yellow hair clips.我沒有黃色的發(fā)卡。

95.Whose bats are these？ 這些是誰的球拍？

96.Who has a pet in your class？Many students have.你們班誰有寵物？很多學(xué)生都有。97.What pets are they？

他們是些什么寵物？

98.We can play football there.我們可以在那兒踢足球

99.You can‘t bring your dog here.你不能把你的狗帶到這兒來。100.Look at the sign.看這個(gè)標(biāo)志。

下面對初一語法做以簡單歸納：

一、詞法

1、名詞

A）、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五）以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞

十一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s), Ks(K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一）單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’;Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞 人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself 復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves 第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself 復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves 第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A）第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：

一）一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2）以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四）以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes

五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B）現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二）以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母＋一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級

我們在對兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一）一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母＋1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三）以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四）特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))

good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst

little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、句式

1.陳述句

肯定陳述句 a)This is a book.(be動(dòng)詞)

b)He looks very young.(連系動(dòng)詞)

c)I want a sweat like this.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be結(jié)構(gòu))

否定陳述句 a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)

2.祈使句

肯定祈使句 a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!

c)Come in, please.否定祈使句a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑問句

1)一般疑問句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you? c)Does she like salad?

d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.2)選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.3)特殊疑問句 ① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時(shí)間 What’s the time?(=What time is it?)It’s a quarter to ten a.m..What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.⑦ 問地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.What’s your favourite color? It’s black.⑨ 問人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 What’s this/that(in English)? It’s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11問姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.問哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.問字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.問價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.問電話號碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.問謂語(動(dòng)作)What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.問職業(yè)(身份)What do you do? I’m a teacher.What’s your father? He’s a doctor.三、時(shí)態(tài)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：

Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.They’re listening to the pop music.Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.Nowadays ,more and more college students are now engaged in part-time jobs.They work in their spare time as private tutors, salesmen, waiters or shop assistants.People wonder whether it is good for students to do so.Some people think that working in spare time will interfere with the students’ study as they think the students’ task is to study and failure in his lessons will surely cast shadows on his future life.Of course their worry is reasonable.The others believe that taking spare-time jobs has many advantages and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.Firstly, the students can earn money to support themselves by doing spare-time jobs, thus reducing our parents’ financial burden.Secondly , doing part-time jobs can improve our communication skills rapidly as well as demonstrate our ability by putting what we learn on campus into practice.Finally, doing part-time jobs helps us to gain some social experience In my opinion, taking part-time jobs can provide us students with more chances of social practice, which benefits us both psychologically and economically if we keep a balance between study and jobs.In Bill Gates' Book for high school and college graduates, there is a list of 11 things they did not learn in school.In his book, Bill Gates talks about how feel good, politically-correct teachings created a full generation of kids with no concept of reality and how this education set them up for failure in the real world.在比爾·蓋茨寫給高中畢業(yè)生和大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的書里，有一個(gè)單子上面列有11項(xiàng)學(xué)生在學(xué)校里學(xué)不到的事情。比爾·蓋茨談到“政治正確”的教導(dǎo)培養(yǎng)出一整代不知現(xiàn)實(shí)為何物，卻還感覺良好的年輕人，而這種教育只能使年輕人成為現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的失敗者。

The 11 things are:

這11項(xiàng)事情是：

1.Life is not fair, get used to it.生活是不公平的，你要去適應(yīng)它。

2.The world won't care about your self-esteem.The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself.世界并不會(huì)在意你的自尊。這世界指望你在自我感覺良好之前先要有所成就。

3.You will not make 40 thousand dollars a year right out of high school.You won't be a vice president with a car phone, until you earn both.高中剛畢業(yè)你不會(huì)一年掙4萬美元。你不會(huì)成為一個(gè)公司的副總裁，并擁有一部裝有電話的汽車，直到你將此職位和汽車電話都掙到手。

4.If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss.He doesn't have tenure.如果你認(rèn)為你的老師嚴(yán)厲，等你有了老板再這樣想。老板可是沒有任期限制的。

5.Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity.Your grandparents had a different word for burger flipping;they called it opportunity.烙牛肉餅并不有損你的尊嚴(yán)。你的祖父母對烙牛肉餅可有不同的定義；他們稱它為機(jī)遇。

6.If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them.如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的過錯(cuò)，所以不要尖聲抱怨錯(cuò)誤，而要從中吸取教訓(xùn)。

7.Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now.They got that way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool you are.So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parents' generation, try “delousing” the closet in your own room.在你出生之前，你的父母并非像他們現(xiàn)在這樣乏味。他們變成今天這個(gè)樣子是因?yàn)檫@些年來他們一直在為你付賬單，給你洗衣服，聽你大談你是如何得酷。所以，如果你想消滅你父母那一輩中的寄生蟲來拯救雨林的話，還是先去清除自己房間衣柜里的蟲子吧。

8.Your school may have done away with winners and losers, but life has not.In some schools they have abolished failing grades;they'll give you as many times as you want to get the right answer.This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to anything in real life.你的學(xué)校也許已經(jīng)不再分優(yōu)等生和劣等生，但生活卻仍在做出類似的區(qū)分。某些學(xué)校已經(jīng)廢除不及格的分?jǐn)?shù)；只要你想找到正確答案，學(xué)校就會(huì)給你無數(shù)的機(jī)會(huì)。這和現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的任何事情沒有一點(diǎn)相似之處。

9.Life is not divided into semesters.You don't get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself.Do that on your own time.生活不分學(xué)期。你并沒有暑假可以休息，也沒有幾位雇主樂于幫你發(fā)現(xiàn)自我。自己找時(shí)間去做那些事情吧。

10.Television is NOT real life.In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop and go to jobs.電視并不是真實(shí)的生活。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，人們實(shí)際上得離開咖啡屋去干自己的工作。

11.Be nice to nerds.Chances are you'll end up working for one.善待你不喜歡的人。有可能你就會(huì)為一個(gè)自己不喜歡的人工作。

第五篇：初一名詞語法+練習(xí)題

名詞的數(shù)（分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞）可數(shù)名詞[c]n.:

1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，單數(shù)可是_________來修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可用______________ ______________________________________及數(shù)詞等修飾。

2.以o結(jié)尾加es的詞: _________________________________________________________

3.以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形有：____________________________________________________________

5.復(fù)數(shù)名詞的有：____________________________________________________________

6．特殊變的有： man-________, child-________, foot-________, mouse-________

不可數(shù)名詞[u]n.:(1).它不能用_________________修飾，也沒有_____________形式，(2).他們可以用_______________________________________________________等修飾。

3.常見的[u]n.有_____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________