第一篇：201212 網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作復(fù)習(xí)資料

201212大學(xué)英語(yǔ)B統(tǒng)考—— 寫作（共九類）一類：我的某某人，如老師，媽媽，同學(xué)，朋友等。題目：My English Teacher（我的英語(yǔ)老師）/ My Teacher in High School（我的高中老師）/ My Teacher（我的老師）/ A(Good)Teacher to Remember（一位難忘的老師）/ My Favorite Teacher（我最喜愛的老師）

My English teacher is Miss Wang.She is a beautiful lady.She has a round face and bright eyes.She is always smiling.Miss Wang is a good teacher.She works very hard.Every day she comes to school very early and is always the last one to leave.She speaks very good English and she teaches well.She also tells us what are the right things to do.She is a motherly teacher.She treats us as her own children and takes good care of us.She is so kind that everyone loves her.This is Miss Wang, my favorite teacher.I feel so lucky to have her as my teacher.I hope that someday I can be a teacher just like her.王老師是我的英語(yǔ)老師。她很漂亮。她長(zhǎng)著一張圓臉和一對(duì)明亮的眼睛。她總是在微笑著。

王老師是一位好老師。她工作非常努力。每天她都很早到學(xué)校，總是最后一個(gè)離開。她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很棒，教得也很好。而且她還教我們?nèi)绾蚊鞅媸欠?。她是慈母般的老師。她把我們?dāng)作自己的孩子一樣看待，細(xì)心照顧我們。她人很好，大家都喜歡她。

這就是王老師，我最喜愛的老師。我為有她這樣的老師而感到幸運(yùn)。我希望有朝一日我也能成為像她這樣的老師。

題目：My Best Friend（我最好的朋友）/ My Close Friend（我的好朋友）/ My Best Schoolmate（我最好的同學(xué)）/ My Classmates（我的同學(xué)們）/ My Best Workmate（我最好的同事）

Li Xia is my best friend.She is an English teacher.She is a beautiful lady.She has a round face and bright eyes.She is always smiling.Li Xia is a good teacher.She works very hard.Every day she comes to school very early and is always the last one to leave.She speaks very good English and she teaches well.She also tells her students what are the right things to do.She is a motherly teacher.She treats her students as her own children and takes good care of them.She is so kind that everyone loves her.This is Li Xia, my best friend.I feel so lucky to have her as my best friend.I hope that we will be best friends forever.李霞是我最好的朋友。她是一位英語(yǔ)老師。她很漂亮。她長(zhǎng)著一張圓臉和一對(duì)明亮的眼睛。她總是在微笑著。

李霞是一位好老師。她工作非常努力。每天她都很早到學(xué)校，總是最后一個(gè)離開。她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很棒，教得也很好。而且她還教她的學(xué)生如何明辨是非。她是慈母般的老師。她把她的學(xué)生當(dāng)作自己的孩子一樣看待，細(xì)心照顧他們。她人很好，大家都喜歡她。

這就是李霞，我最好的朋友。我為有她這樣的好朋友而感到幸運(yùn)。我希望我們永遠(yuǎn)都是最好的朋友。

題目：My Mother（我的母親）/ The One I Love Most（我最愛的人）/ My Family（我的家庭）/ The Man I Love Most in My Life（生命中我最愛的人）/ My Father（我的父親）/ My Beloved Grandparents（我摯愛的祖父母）

My mother is an English teacher.She is a beautiful lady.She has a round face and bright eyes.She is always smiling.My mother is a good teacher.She works very hard.Every day she comes to school very early and is always the last one to leave.She speaks very good English and she teaches well.She also tells herstudents what are the right things to do.She is a motherly teacher.She treats her students as her own children and takes good care of them.She is so kind that everyone loves her.This is my mother.I feel so lucky to have her as my mother and I love her.I hope that someday I can be a teacher just like her.我的母親是一位英語(yǔ)老師。她很漂亮。她長(zhǎng)著一張圓臉和一對(duì)明亮的眼睛。她總是在微笑著。

我的母親是一位好老師。她工作非常努力。每天她都很早到學(xué)校，總是最后一個(gè)離開。她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很棒，教得也很好。而且她還教她的學(xué)生如何明辨是非。她是慈母般的老師。她把她的學(xué)生當(dāng)作自己的孩子一樣看待，細(xì)心照顧他們。她人很好，大家都喜歡她。

這就是我的母親。我為有她這樣的母親而感到幸運(yùn)，我愛她。我希望有朝一日我也能成為像她這樣的老師。

二類：計(jì)劃類，如國(guó)慶計(jì)劃安排，新年安排，假期

安排等。

My Plan for the National Day Holiday（我的國(guó)慶假期

計(jì)劃）

The National Day Holiday is coming.It is a very important festival in China.Everybody has his or her plan for the National Day Holiday.I have a plan, too.My plan is as follows:

First, I’ll take a good rest, as I’m always busy with my work.Second, I want to stay with my parents.I’m not usually together with them.Third, I want to meet some of my friends and relatives, as these days we don’t see each other often.Fourth, I want to give my room a good cleaning.Finally, I will study English for the coming examination.This is my plan for the coming National Day Holiday

國(guó)慶假期要到了。這在中國(guó)是一個(gè)非常重要的節(jié)日。每個(gè)人對(duì)于國(guó)慶節(jié)都有自己的計(jì)劃。我也有一個(gè)計(jì)劃。我的計(jì)劃如下：

首先，我要好好休息一下，因?yàn)槲移綍r(shí)工作很忙。第二，我想陪陪父母，我并不是經(jīng)常與他們?cè)谝黄?。第三，我想見見一些親戚朋友，因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在不怎么有機(jī)會(huì)見面。第四，我想好好打掃一下房間。最后，我想為即將到來(lái)的考試學(xué)習(xí)下英語(yǔ)。

這就是我對(duì)即將到來(lái)的國(guó)慶假期的計(jì)劃。以上范文可套用的題目：The Chinese New Year（中國(guó)新年）/ My Plan for the Spring Festival（我的春節(jié)計(jì)劃）/ My Plan for Summer Vacation（我的暑假計(jì)劃）/My travel plan（我的旅行計(jì)劃）

三類：學(xué)習(xí)類

題目：Why I Study English?（我為什么學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)？）/ Why Do Students Like Learning English?（為什么學(xué)生喜歡學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)？）/ Why I Like Learning English?（為什么我喜歡學(xué)英語(yǔ)？）

English is an international language.It is very useful.I like English very much.And this is how I study English.First, I remember 30 English words every day.Second, I go over the grammar points regularly.Third, I read articles in English newspaper and I read simple novels in English.Fourth, I listen to English radio programs and watch English TV programs.Finally, I listen to English music and watch English movies.This is how I study English.As a result, I’m more and more interested in English and my English has improved greatly.Practice makes perfect.If I keep practicing, I believe that my English will be better and better.英語(yǔ)是一門國(guó)際性語(yǔ)言。它非常有用。我非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。我就是這樣學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的。

首先，我每天背30個(gè)英文單詞。第二，我定期復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)。第三，我閱讀英文報(bào)紙的文章以及簡(jiǎn)單的英文小說(shuō)。第四，我聽英語(yǔ)的廣播節(jié)目，看英語(yǔ)的電視節(jié)目。最后，我聽英文音樂(lè)，看英文電影。

我就是這樣學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的。結(jié)果，我現(xiàn)在對(duì)英語(yǔ)更感興趣了，英語(yǔ)也有了很大的進(jìn)步。熟能生巧。如果我繼續(xù)不斷練習(xí)的話，我的英語(yǔ)將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越棒。

以上范文可套用的題目：Self-study（自學(xué)）/How to Achieve Success of Distance Learning?（如何在遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)中獲得成功）/(My)School Life（我的學(xué)校生活）/My First Year in College（大學(xué)生活的第一年）/My Study Plan（我的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃）/How to Learn English Well?（如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)？）/My English Study（我的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)）/How to Overcome Difficulties in My English Studies?（如何克服英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的困難？）/ Never Give Up（永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄）/My Study Plan（我的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃）/ My Dream（我的理想）/ My Hobbies（我的愛好）/Why I Like Learning English為何我喜歡英語(yǔ)

四類：優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)

Television / About Television（電視）

TV plays the vital role in our life.TV can be seen everywhere in our daily life.Almost each family has one TV set.However, there is a good side and a bad side to everything, and TV is no exception.TV has its advantages.TV is very important to help me to get information and knowledge.Various TV programs make me get to know the world and help me with my studies.However, TV also has its disadvantages.Watching too much TV program can waste a lot of time.Some programs are boring and useless, and they can bring us bad information.So, every coin has two sides, we should choose the right one.電視在我們生活中扮演重要角色。電視在我們生活中隨處可見。每個(gè)家庭都有電視。然而每件事都有他的兩面性，電視也不例外。

電視有它的有點(diǎn)。電視能幫助我獲得信息。豐富的電視節(jié)目讓我不斷的了解世界幫助我學(xué)習(xí)。

但是，電視也有缺點(diǎn)?？刺嚯娨暲速M(fèi)時(shí)間。有些節(jié)目無(wú)聊沒(méi)用，并且會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)壞的信息。

總之，一個(gè)硬幣有它的兩面，我們要選擇好的那面。

以上范文可套用的題目： The Computer（電腦）/The Digital Products（數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品）/ About Internet（論網(wǎng)絡(luò)）/My Favorite TV Program（我最愛的電視節(jié)目）/ On Money（關(guān)于金錢）/ Money Is Not Everything（金錢不是萬(wàn)能的）/ Can Money Buy Happiness?（錢能帶來(lái)快樂(lè)嗎？）/Private Cars in China（中國(guó)私家車）/Buy A Car Or Not?（買不買車？）/ On Private Cars（關(guān)于私家車）/ Advantages And Disadvantages of the Mobile Phone（手機(jī)的利與弊）/ My Opinion on Cell Phones（我對(duì)于手機(jī)的看法）/On TV Ads（關(guān)于電視廣告）/ My View on the Negative Effects of Some Advertisements（廣告的負(fù)面影響）

五類：運(yùn)動(dòng)類

題目：Do Physical Exercise（鍛煉身體）/ About Physical Exercise（體育鍛煉）/ The Sport Activities I Like Best（我最喜歡的體育活動(dòng)）/ Sports（運(yùn)動(dòng)）

Everyone hopes to live happily in the world.There is a famous saying: life lies on exercise.So exercise can help you live longer and more healthily.First, exercise is good for us to build our bodies.It makes the heart beat faster and make us stranger.Sports can also make us eat more than usual which contributes to our bodies.Second, exercise can make us happy.Some sport like basketball is interesting.So playing basketball can bring us into happiness.Third, exercise can help us get rid of our bad habits.We will not be lazy after a period of exercise.In a word, exercise is important, helpful and absolutely necessary.每個(gè)人都想在這個(gè)世界上獲得快樂(lè)。俗話說(shuō)生命在于運(yùn)動(dòng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)可以讓你的生命延續(xù)，活得更快樂(lè)。

首先，運(yùn)動(dòng)能強(qiáng)健體魄。它能使心臟跳動(dòng)加快，讓我們更加強(qiáng)壯。

第二，運(yùn)動(dòng)能讓我們快樂(lè)。有些運(yùn)動(dòng)，比如籃球，很有意思。所以打籃球能給我們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。

第三，運(yùn)動(dòng)能幫助我們改掉壞習(xí)慣。經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的運(yùn)動(dòng)之后，我們就不再懶惰。

總之，運(yùn)動(dòng)很重要，很有用，也絕對(duì)有必要。以上范文可套用的題目：Health And Wealth（健康與財(cái)富）, My Favorite Sport（我最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)）, My Favorite Form of Entertainment（我最喜歡的娛樂(lè)形式）, My Favorite Hobby（我最喜歡的愛好）, Ways to Keep Fit（保持健康的方法）, How to Keep Healthy（如何保持健康）, Health And Eating Habits（健康與飲食習(xí)慣）, My Hobbies（我的愛好）, My Interests（我的興趣）, How I Spend My Spare Time（我如何度過(guò)閑暇時(shí)光）, My Favorite Hobby（我最喜歡的愛好）, My Hobby（我的愛好）, My Activities in Leisure Time（我的閑暇生活）, My Favorite Food（我最喜歡的食物）, My Favorite TV Program（我最喜歡的電視節(jié)目）, My Ideal Job（我理想的工作）, The Job I Like（我喜歡的工作）, My Favorite Book（我最喜歡的書籍）, The Book I Like Best（我最喜歡的書籍）, My Favorite Means of Getting Information（我最喜歡的獲得信息的方式）, The Sports Activities I Like Best（我最愛的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)）

六類：遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)

題目：My Expectation of the Long-Distance Education（對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程教育的期望）

Now, I am a student of Shanghai Distance Education College.In other words, I am a distance learner.I have a lot of expectations on my distance education.First, I want to improve my spoken English.I work in a foreign invested company.My boss is a foreigner.I need to talk with him in English every day.So I would like to improve my spoken English very much.Second, I hope to improve my English writing ability.I need to receive and answer emails in English every day, but I don’t know many English words.These above are my expectations of the long-distance education.現(xiàn)在，我是一名上海網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育學(xué)院的學(xué)生。換言之，我是一名遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)者。對(duì)于遠(yuǎn)程教育，我有許多期待。第一，我希望可以提高我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。我在外企上班。老板是外國(guó)人。我每天都需要用英語(yǔ)和他交流。所以，我非常想要提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。第二，我希望提高英語(yǔ)寫作能力。每天我都需要收發(fā)英文郵件，我的詞匯量不大。

以上這些就是我對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程教育的期望。

以上范文可套用的題目：How to Achieve Success of Distance Learning（如何在遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)中獲得成功）, The Course I Hate Most of The Long-Distance Education（我最討厭的遠(yuǎn)程教育課程）, Difficulty in Studying English（英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的困難）, My Favorite Course（我最喜歡的課程）, The Course I Like Best of THE Long-Distance Education（我最喜歡的遠(yuǎn)程教育課程）

七類：書信類

題目：A letter to friend

信件要求：1.介紹你的近況。2.請(qǐng)他幫你買英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)書。3.歡迎他方便時(shí)來(lái)訪。

May 1st, 2011

Dear Tom,Haven’t heard from you for some time!How are you doing? Everything is fine with me except that the final examination is getting nearer and nearer andI’m busy preparing for it.I’ve got some problems in my English study, especially in spoken English.My teacher recommended me a book.The book is called Advanced Spoken English.But it is not sold here in my town.Since you are in Beijing, could you buy one for me? I’d be very grateful if you could help me.We haven’t seen each other since last time we met.I hope that you will visit my hometown again sometime if possible.So much has changed that you could barely recognize it!And it would be great to be together with you once again.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Best wishes!

Yours, Alice

2011年5月1日

親愛的湯姆：

很久沒(méi)收到你的來(lái)信了。最近好記嗎？我一切都挺好，只是期末考試越來(lái)越近，我現(xiàn)在忙著復(fù)習(xí)。

我的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有些問(wèn)題，特別是口語(yǔ)方面。我的老師給我推薦了一本書。書名叫《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)》。但是我們鎮(zhèn)里沒(méi)有賣。既然你在北京，不知道我能不能麻煩你幫我買一本呢？如果你能幫我這個(gè)忙的話，我將不勝感激。

自從上次碰面之后，我們就再也沒(méi)見過(guò)面了。如果可能的話，希望你有時(shí)間再到我家鄉(xiāng)來(lái)看看。這里變化很大，你肯定都認(rèn)不出來(lái)了。如果能再次和你見面，那就真的太好了！

期待你的來(lái)信。祝好！此致愛麗絲

以上范文可以套用的信件寫作題：

1.選擇一個(gè)你想旅游的地點(diǎn)，并安排旅行計(jì)劃，你應(yīng)包括下列內(nèi)容：1.說(shuō)明你想旅游的地點(diǎn)2.說(shuō)明你為什么選擇這個(gè)地點(diǎn)3.描述你的旅游計(jì)劃

2.假如你是李明，你遺失了一本書。你應(yīng)包括下

列內(nèi)容：1.書在哪里遺失的；2.這本書對(duì)你很重要；3.拾到者該如何聯(lián)系你

3.你的一位外國(guó)朋友給你來(lái)信，打算到中國(guó)旅

游。你給他回信，提出旅游建議。你的回信應(yīng)包括下列內(nèi)容：1.接到朋友的來(lái)信；2.你對(duì)旅游的安排計(jì)劃及理由；3.表達(dá)你希望見到朋友的心愿

4.寫一封信，要求：1.告訴對(duì)方你要從大學(xué)畢

業(yè)；2.詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的近況；3.問(wèn)問(wèn)能否在暑假聚會(huì)

5.寫一封信，要求：1.了解對(duì)方近日的情況；

2.介紹你的近況；3.邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方方便時(shí)來(lái)訪 6.寫一封信，要求：1.了解對(duì)方近日的情況；

2.通知他（她）：元旦有一個(gè)同學(xué)聚會(huì)。3.邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方參加

7.寫一封信，要求：1.了解對(duì)方近日的學(xué)習(xí)情

況；2.介紹你的學(xué)習(xí)的近況；3.請(qǐng)對(duì)方說(shuō)說(shuō)提高英語(yǔ)水平的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

8.寫一封信，要求：1.介紹你的近況；2.請(qǐng)他

幫你買英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)書；3.歡迎他方便時(shí)來(lái)訪

八類：最喜歡的某某某

此類套用一篇范文，范文如下：

My Favorite Book我最喜歡的一本書

My favorite book is My Childhood.The reasons are as follows.Firstly, it brings me happiness.It always cheers me up when I am in a bad mood.Secondly, I learn a lot from it.It contains a lot of information about life and the world.It teaches me many new things.Thirdly, it makes me stronger.It helps me find confidence in myself.With confidence I overcome all the difficulties I meet.Fourthly, it helps me realize my self-worth.It enables me to find my place in life.I learn how to set a goal, work continuously towards the goal and embrace the future.To sum up, I like My Childhood best.我最喜歡的書是《童年》。原因如下：

首先，它給我?guī)?lái)快樂(lè)。在我不開心時(shí)，它總能給我鼓勵(lì)。

第二，我從中學(xué)到很多知識(shí)。它講述了很多人生和世事的哲理，教會(huì)了我很懂新知識(shí)。

第三，它讓我強(qiáng)大。它讓我找到了自信。擁有了自信，我克服了種種困難。

第四，它讓我認(rèn)識(shí)到自身的價(jià)值。它幫我找到了人生的位置。我學(xué)會(huì)了如何制定目標(biāo)，不斷努力，擁抱未來(lái)。

中而言之，我最喜歡《童年》。以上范文可套用的題目：My Favorite Food（我最喜歡的食物）/My Favorite Means of Transportation（我最喜歡的交通方式）/My Favorite Season（我最喜歡的季節(jié)）/My Favorite TV Show（我最喜歡的電視節(jié)目）/My Favorite Way to Get Information（我最喜愛的獲得信息的方式）/My Favorite Job（我最愛的工作）/My Favorite Long-distance Education Course（我最喜愛的遠(yuǎn)程教育課程）/My Favorite Sport（我最喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)）

九類：看法類

此類套用一篇范文，范文如下：

Plant More Trees 種更多的樹

April is the best time for green.Everything turns back to life in the warm weather and is enjoying the energy of a new life.Trees are more and more important to the earth.Planting trees is the basic thing to provide a green and healthy environment.Trees, as they are green in color, can make a city or place look more beautiful.It is also valuable in avoiding noises, sandstorms and deserts.It can bring us back a beautiful earth.So, everyone, if you want to make the air clean, please try your best to protect the environment and plant more trees.四月是萬(wàn)物蔥蔥的最好時(shí)節(jié)。在溫暖的氣候里萬(wàn)物重回生機(jī)，開始獲得重生的能量。首先，樹木對(duì)地球越來(lái)越重要。植樹是一種最基本的提供綠色健康生活環(huán)境的辦法。其次，因?yàn)樗麄兊念伾蔷G色的，能讓城市或環(huán)境看起來(lái)更漂亮。同時(shí)，樹林在避免噪音、沙塵、沙漠方面也大有益處?？傊@些都能帶給我們一個(gè)美麗的地球。因此，如果大家都想讓環(huán)境變得清新，請(qǐng)盡最大努力來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境，種更多的樹。

第二篇：大學(xué)寫作復(fù)習(xí)資料

下學(xué)期復(fù)習(xí)資料

一，填空

1、表達(dá)方式有五種：(敘事)、（描寫)、(抒情)、（議論)、(說(shuō)明)。

2、對(duì)論點(diǎn)的要求是：一，（論點(diǎn)必須正確）；二，（論點(diǎn)要深刻）；三，（論點(diǎn)必須針對(duì)實(shí)際）。

3、懸念由兩部分組成：（設(shè)懸）、（解懸）。

4、立骨是確立文章骨架的一種寫作技法，立骨的方式有：（一字立骨）、（一句立骨）、（一段立骨）。

5、反諷的方式有：（言語(yǔ)反諷）、（情景反諷）、（互文反諷）。

6、從象征在文章使用的范圍來(lái)看，可分為：（局部象征）和（整體象征）。

7、通報(bào)適用于（表彰先進(jìn)），（批評(píng)錯(cuò)誤），傳達(dá)重要精神或者情況。

8、論據(jù)的要求：一，（論據(jù)要真實(shí)）；二，論據(jù)（要充足有力）。

9、有的消息是三行標(biāo)題，第一行稱為（引題），第二行稱為（正題），第三行稱為（副題）。

10、駁斥論敵的方法有：反駁（論點(diǎn)）、反駁（論證）和反駁（論據(jù)）。

11、說(shuō)明的基本方法有：（介紹說(shuō)明）、（定義說(shuō)明）、（分類說(shuō)明）、（舉例說(shuō)明）、（比較說(shuō)明）、（比喻說(shuō)明）等。

12、函適用于不相隸屬機(jī)關(guān)之間（商洽）工作，（詢問(wèn)）和（答復(fù)）問(wèn)題；（請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)）和答復(fù)審批事項(xiàng)。

13、計(jì)劃中目標(biāo)、任務(wù)，回答的是（“ 做什么 ”）的問(wèn)題；措施、步驟回答的是（“ 怎么做 ”）的問(wèn)題。

14、敘述人稱是敘述事件經(jīng)過(guò)、人物經(jīng)歷時(shí)敘述人在文章中身份，它是以敘述者的立足點(diǎn)來(lái)確定的。有（第一人稱）的表達(dá)方式和（第三人稱）的表達(dá)方式。

15、敘述的方式主要有：（順序）、（倒敘）、（插敘）、（補(bǔ)敘）。

16、人物描寫包括：（肖像描寫）、（語(yǔ)言描寫）、（行動(dòng)描寫）、（心理描寫）。

17、間接抒情的具體方式有：（寓情于事）、（寓情于景）、（寓情于物）、（寓情于理）。

18、駁斥論敵的方法有：反駁（）、反駁（）和反駁（）。

19、求職信和應(yīng)聘信的特點(diǎn)是：求職對(duì)象的（）；信件內(nèi)容的（）；工作崗位的（）。

二、單項(xiàng)選擇

1、下列公文標(biāo)題中書名號(hào)使用正確的是（）A、XX局關(guān)于印發(fā)《企業(yè)所得稅稅前扣除辦法》的通知 B、XX省政府轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)《國(guó)務(wù)院關(guān)于XXXX的意見》的通知

C、XX市關(guān)于印發(fā)《XXX同志在XXXX會(huì)議上的講話》的通知 D、國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)《農(nóng)業(yè)部關(guān)于XXXX的意見》的通知

2、下列既可以向上級(jí)行文，又可以向下級(jí)行文的是（）A、通知 B、通知 C、意見 D、通報(bào)

3、向國(guó)內(nèi)外宣布重要事項(xiàng)或者法定事項(xiàng)時(shí)使用（）A、公告 B、通告 C、通報(bào) D、決定

4、表?yè)P(yáng)好人好事的通報(bào)，正文結(jié)構(gòu)一般是（）

A、概括主要事實(shí)——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì)——提出表彰方式 B、概括主要事實(shí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì)——提出表彰方式——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)C、提出表彰方式——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)——概括主要事實(shí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì) D、概括主要事實(shí)——提出表彰方式——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì)

5、向上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)匯報(bào)工作，反映情況，答復(fù)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)詢問(wèn)時(shí)用（）A、報(bào)告 B、決定 C、總結(jié) D、請(qǐng)示

6、下列是一份公文的成文日期，書寫規(guī)范的是（）A、2004年5月10日 B、二零零四年五月十日 C、二00四年5月10日 D、二00四年五月十日

7、下列可以不加蓋發(fā)文機(jī)關(guān)印章的是（）A、報(bào)告 B、通知 C、會(huì)議紀(jì)要 D、通報(bào)

8、受雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的機(jī)關(guān)向上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)行文，應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣處理（）A、寫明主送機(jī)關(guān)和抄送機(jī)關(guān) B、主送一個(gè)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)

C、報(bào)送兩個(gè)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān) D、主送并報(bào)送兩個(gè)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)

9、公文的成文時(shí)間應(yīng)當(dāng)是（）

A、負(fù)責(zé)人簽發(fā)的日期 B、寫公文的日期 C、分發(fā)公文的日期 D、印公文的日期

10、“當(dāng)否，請(qǐng)批復(fù)”常用在（）的結(jié)尾

A、函 B、請(qǐng)示 C、報(bào)告 D、議案

11、行政公文如果有附件，應(yīng)在（）標(biāo)識(shí)附件名稱

A、正文之后成文日期之前 B、成文日期之后主題詞之前 C、主題詞之后 D、標(biāo)題之后正文之前

12、議案的收文機(jī)關(guān)是（）

A、同級(jí)人民政府 B、上級(jí)人民政府 C、上級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)或人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì) D、同級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)或人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)

13、公文標(biāo)題中應(yīng)加書名號(hào)的是（）

A、規(guī)章 B、命令 C、意見 D、決定

14、發(fā)文字號(hào)應(yīng)當(dāng)包括機(jī)關(guān)代字、（）和發(fā)文序號(hào) A、年份

B、簡(jiǎn)稱

C、月份

D、全稱

15、任免一般干部，應(yīng)使用（）A.函 B.通知 C.通報(bào) D.意見

16、傳達(dá)重要精神或情況，應(yīng)使用（）A.函 B.通知 C.通報(bào) D.意見

17、答復(fù)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)的詢問(wèn)，應(yīng)使用（）A.報(bào)告 B.通報(bào) C.意見 D.請(qǐng)示

18、撰寫“請(qǐng)示”必須（）

A.一文一事 B.與報(bào)告合用 C.用于匯報(bào)工作情況 D.用于通知事項(xiàng)

19、向無(wú)隸屬關(guān)系機(jī)關(guān)請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)事項(xiàng)，應(yīng)使用（）A.請(qǐng)示 B.意見 C.通知 D.函

20、表?yè)P(yáng)好人好事的通報(bào)，正文結(jié)構(gòu)一般是（）

A、概括主要事實(shí)——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì)——提出表彰方式 B、概括主要事實(shí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì)——提出表彰方式——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)C、提出表彰方式——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)——概括主要事實(shí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì) D、概括主要事實(shí)——提出表彰方式——號(hào)召大家學(xué)習(xí)——分析精神實(shí)質(zhì)

21、、向上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)匯報(bào)工作，反映情況，答復(fù)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)詢問(wèn)時(shí)用（）A、報(bào)告 B、決定 C、總結(jié) D、請(qǐng)示

22、下列是一份公文的成文日期，書寫規(guī)范的是（）A、2004年5月10日 B、二零零四年五月十日 C、二00四年5月10日 D、二00四年五月十日

23、下列可以不加蓋發(fā)文機(jī)關(guān)印章的是（）A、報(bào)告 B、通知 C、會(huì)議紀(jì)要 D、通報(bào)

24、受雙重領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的機(jī)關(guān)向上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)行文，應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣處理（）A、寫明主送機(jī)關(guān)和抄送機(jī)關(guān) B、主送一個(gè)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)

C、報(bào)送兩個(gè)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān) D、主送并報(bào)送兩個(gè)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)

25、公文的成文時(shí)間應(yīng)當(dāng)是（）

A、負(fù)責(zé)人簽發(fā)的日期 B、寫公文的日期 C、分發(fā)公文的日期 D、印公文的日期

26、“當(dāng)否，請(qǐng)批復(fù)”常用在（）的結(jié)尾

A、函 B、請(qǐng)示 C、報(bào)告 D、議案

27、行政公文如果有附件，應(yīng)在（）標(biāo)識(shí)附件名稱

A、正文之后成文日期之前 B、成文日期之后主題詞之前 C、主題詞之后 D、標(biāo)題之后正文之前

28、議案的收文機(jī)關(guān)是（）

A、同級(jí)人民政府 B、上級(jí)人民政府 C、上級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)或人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì) D、同級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)或人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)

29、公文標(biāo)題中應(yīng)加書名號(hào)的是（）

A、規(guī)章 B、命令 C、意見 D、決定 30、發(fā)文字號(hào)應(yīng)當(dāng)包括機(jī)關(guān)代字、（）和發(fā)文序號(hào) A、年份

B、簡(jiǎn)稱

C、月份

D、全稱

三、判斷

1、我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的行政機(jī)關(guān)公文種類有13種，黨內(nèi)公文種類有14種。（）

2、公文附件和正文有同等效力。（）

3、任何公文都必須標(biāo)識(shí)“秘密等級(jí)和保密期限”。（）

4、請(qǐng)示一般可以越級(jí)行文。（）

5、為了提高辦事效率，“報(bào)告”中也可以?shī)A帶請(qǐng)示事項(xiàng)。（）

6、批復(fù)必須針對(duì)下級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)所請(qǐng)示的問(wèn)題而復(fù)。（）

7、機(jī)關(guān)公文的開頭，一般都要求開門見山，落筆入題，不象文學(xué)作品那樣講究迂回曲折，漸入佳境。（）

8、所有公文都要有主送機(jī)關(guān)。（）

9、計(jì)劃按表達(dá)形式分，有條文式計(jì)劃、表格式計(jì)劃、條文兼表格式計(jì)劃。（）

10、求職信不能渲染與求職無(wú)關(guān)的才能。（）

11、“請(qǐng)示”要“一事一請(qǐng)”，不能把幾個(gè)事情寫在一起。（）

12、只能是上級(jí)批轉(zhuǎn)下級(jí)上報(bào)的公文，下級(jí)不能批轉(zhuǎn)上級(jí)的公文，平行機(jī)關(guān)之間也不能相互批轉(zhuǎn)公文。（）

13、通知的結(jié)尾，可以發(fā)出號(hào)召，抒發(fā)感情。（）

14、通報(bào)中的分析、評(píng)價(jià)都必須依據(jù)事實(shí)作基礎(chǔ)，褒貶得當(dāng)，分析入理。（）

15、向有關(guān)主管部門請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)可以使用“函”。（）

16、學(xué)校處分違紀(jì)學(xué)生可以用“公告”。（）

17、計(jì)劃按表達(dá)形式分，有條文式計(jì)劃、表格式計(jì)劃、條文兼表格式計(jì)劃。（）

18、總結(jié)的標(biāo)題，只有公文式標(biāo)題。（）

19、請(qǐng)示不一定都要寫結(jié)尾的常用語(yǔ)。（）

20、公文標(biāo)題中除法規(guī)、規(guī)章名稱加書名號(hào)外，一般不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。（）

21、批復(fù)必須針對(duì)下級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)所請(qǐng)示的問(wèn)題而復(fù)。（）

22、機(jī)關(guān)公文的開頭，一般都要求開門見山，落筆入題，不象文學(xué)作品那樣講究迂回曲折，漸入佳境。（）

23、所有公文都要有主送機(jī)關(guān)。（）

24、計(jì)劃按表達(dá)形式分，有條文式計(jì)劃、表格式計(jì)劃、條文兼表格式計(jì)劃。（）

25、求職信不能渲染與求職無(wú)關(guān)的才能。（）

26、“請(qǐng)示”要“一事一請(qǐng)”，不能把幾個(gè)事情寫在一起。（）

27、只能是上級(jí)批轉(zhuǎn)下級(jí)上報(bào)的公文，下級(jí)不能批轉(zhuǎn)上級(jí)的公文，平行機(jī)關(guān)之間也不能相互批轉(zhuǎn)公文。（）

28、通知的結(jié)尾，可以發(fā)出號(hào)召，抒發(fā)感情。（）

29、通報(bào)中的分析、評(píng)價(jià)都必須依據(jù)事實(shí)作基礎(chǔ)，褒貶得當(dāng)，分析入理。（）30、向有關(guān)主管部門請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)可以使用“函”。（）

四、解釋概念

1、喻證法

2、對(duì)比法

3、歸謬法

4、歸納法

5、定義說(shuō)明

6、象征

7、蒙太奇：

8、那輾

9、反諷

10、黑色幽默

11、懸念

12、詩(shī)歌

13、散文：

五、簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問(wèn)題

1、什么是第三人稱的敘述角度？

2、什么是消息寫作的“倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)”？

3、請(qǐng)示與報(bào)告的區(qū)別是什么？

4、什么是第一人稱的敘述角度？

5、描寫的要求是什么？

6、撰寫求職信和應(yīng)聘信應(yīng)注意哪些事項(xiàng)？

7、簡(jiǎn)述說(shuō)明的要求：

8、如何寫好通訊？

9、應(yīng)用文的特點(diǎn)是什么？

六、寫作小練習(xí)

1、寫一段寄情于理的文字（不少于10句）

2、運(yùn)用象征手法，寫一段散文式的文字（不少于10句）或一首短詩(shī)（4句——8句）

3、運(yùn)用對(duì)比論證方法，寫一段議論性的文字（不少于10句）。

4、根據(jù)下列材料擬寫一份公函：

冶金部于1999年12月28日，給XX省人民政府一函，聯(lián)系商洽的事情是擬請(qǐng)XX省光大進(jìn)出口分公司派一名精通業(yè)務(wù)并懂英語(yǔ)的業(yè)務(wù)員參加。中國(guó)光大進(jìn)出口總公司于2000年2月底派一貿(mào)易小組赴德國(guó)進(jìn)行推銷和調(diào)研活動(dòng)。如同意，請(qǐng)將給XX省審批的出國(guó)人員的批件，于1月底以前寄中國(guó)光大進(jìn)出口總公司。公文順序號(hào)為28號(hào)，發(fā)文日期：1999年12月28日。

5、根據(jù)材料擬寫一份通告

XX市老年大學(xué)為進(jìn)一步為老年人服務(wù)，打算舉辦老年自行車比賽，比賽定名為“青松杯”老年自行車比賽，并獲得了肯德基店的1200元贊助。將于2003年2月10日上午9時(shí)至12時(shí)在XX市舉行。公安局長(zhǎng)支持這一活動(dòng)。為保證賽事順利進(jìn)行，將對(duì)東環(huán)路、北環(huán)路、南環(huán)西路、學(xué)院路實(shí)行交通管制，屆時(shí)將禁止一切機(jī)動(dòng)車輛通行（當(dāng)然，警車、救護(hù)車、消防車、工程搶險(xiǎn)車可以例外）。據(jù)此消息，請(qǐng)代該市公安局?jǐn)M一份通告。

6、根據(jù)材料擬寫一份通知

XX省高等教育教學(xué)改革研討會(huì)決定于2007年7月18日～24日在XX大學(xué)召開，于6月20日發(fā)出會(huì)議通知。會(huì)議的內(nèi)容是研究和探討當(dāng)前高校教學(xué)改革的有關(guān)問(wèn)題，各學(xué)校主管教學(xué)的副校長(zhǎng)或教務(wù)處長(zhǎng)均可參加。會(huì)期為7天，7月18日?qǐng)?bào)到，報(bào)到和開會(huì)地點(diǎn)是：南京理工大學(xué)招待所。要求各學(xué)校半個(gè)月內(nèi)交來(lái)相關(guān)教改論文一篇。會(huì)議費(fèi)自理。

7、將下面通訊改寫為通報(bào)

李堅(jiān) 舍己救人 英勇獻(xiàn)身 共青團(tuán)全國(guó)鐵道委員會(huì)和團(tuán)委決定

授予“優(yōu)秀少先隊(duì)員”光榮稱號(hào)并追認(rèn)為共青團(tuán)員

本報(bào)訊：5月28日下午，共青團(tuán)哈爾濱鐵路局委員會(huì)在局工會(huì)俱樂(lè)部召開大會(huì)，宣讀共青團(tuán)全國(guó)鐵路委員會(huì)和共青團(tuán)四川省委的決定，授予為搶救落水同學(xué)而英勇獻(xiàn)身的李堅(jiān)同學(xué)“優(yōu)秀少先隊(duì)員”的光榮稱號(hào)，并根據(jù)他生前要求，追認(rèn)他為共青團(tuán)員。

李堅(jiān)同學(xué)生前是阿城鐵路中學(xué)學(xué)生，剛滿14周歲，2012年5月2日，李堅(jiān)和另外四名小朋友在河邊玩耍，忽然，張昆同學(xué)不慎落入水中，李堅(jiān)當(dāng)即跳下水去營(yíng)救，張昆被救了，而他卻獻(xiàn)出了年輕的生命。

團(tuán)委副書記等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在講話中分別號(hào)召全國(guó)鐵路系統(tǒng)和省內(nèi)各地的小朋友向李堅(jiān)同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，做一個(gè)有理想、有道德、無(wú)私無(wú)畏的好孩子。

8、指出下列公文文稿的錯(cuò)誤之處，并根據(jù)公文寫作與處理的要求，改寫為一份正確的公文。

×××大學(xué)文件

×校發(fā)〔2012×〕××號(hào) 簽發(fā)人：×××

關(guān)于2012年招生計(jì)劃的申報(bào) 市教育委員會(huì)：

教委（×發(fā)〔2012〕×號(hào)）文件《關(guān)于申報(bào)2012招生專業(yè)計(jì)劃的通知》已收到，我們對(duì)文件的精神進(jìn)行了認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，大家一致表示要落實(shí)教委的意見，積極發(fā)展高等職業(yè)教育，辦好社會(huì)所需要的各種新型專業(yè)。經(jīng)我校各院系研究，決定2012年申報(bào)25個(gè)專業(yè)，招收本專科學(xué)生共3000名。特申報(bào)給你們。

附：招生計(jì)劃表。

×××大學(xué)

二○一二×年×月×日

主題詞： ×× ×× ×× ×× 抄送市人民政府

七、大作文（待定）

參考答案

一、填空

1、敘述、描寫、抒情、議論、說(shuō)明

2、一，論點(diǎn)必須正確；二，論點(diǎn)要深刻；三，論點(diǎn)必須針對(duì)實(shí)際。

3、設(shè)懸、解懸。

4、一字立骨、一句立骨、一段立骨。

5、言語(yǔ)反諷、情境反諷刺、互文反諷。

6、局部象征、整體象征。

7、表彰先進(jìn)，批評(píng)錯(cuò)誤。

8、一，論據(jù)要真實(shí)；二，要充足有力。

9、引題，正題，副題。

10、論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證。

11、介紹說(shuō)明、定義說(shuō)明、分類說(shuō)明、舉例說(shuō)明、比較說(shuō)明、比喻說(shuō)明。

12、商洽，詢問(wèn)，答復(fù)，請(qǐng)求批準(zhǔn)。

13、做什么，怎么做。

14、第一人稱、第三人稱。

15、順序、倒敘、插敘、補(bǔ)敘。

16、肖像描寫、語(yǔ)言描寫、行動(dòng)描寫、心理描寫。

17、寓情于事、寓情于景、寓情于物、寓情于理。

18、論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證。

19、針對(duì)性、自薦性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。

二、單項(xiàng)選擇

1、A

2、C

3、A

4、B

5、A

6、D

7、C

8、A

9、A

10、B

11、A

12、D

13、A

14、A

15、B

16、C

17、A

18、A

19、D 20、B

21、A

22、D

23、C

24、A

25、A

26、B

27、A

28、D

29、A 30、A

三、判斷

1、∨

2、∨

3、×

4、×

5、×

6、∨

7、∨

8、×

9、∨

10、∨

11、∨

12、∨

13、×

14、∨

15、×

16、×

17、∨

18、×

19、× 20、∨

21、∨

22、∨

23、×

24、∨

25、∨

26、∨

27、∨

28、×

29、∨ 30、×

四、解釋概念

1、喻證法：是通過(guò)打比方，用具體的事物來(lái)論證比較抽象、深?yuàn)W，或人們比較生疏、難以理解的道理。

用來(lái)打比方的可以是具體的事實(shí)，也可以是寓言、神話或其他虛擬的材料。

2、對(duì)比法：把兩種對(duì)立的事物或道理對(duì)舉出來(lái)，進(jìn)行比較、對(duì)照，來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的論證方法，也叫正反論證。對(duì)比論證可以列舉對(duì)立的一對(duì)事物，也可以列舉對(duì)立的多種事物。

把兩種獨(dú)立的事物或道理，放在一起作比較，孰是孰非，何優(yōu)何劣，就會(huì)一目了然。

3、歸謬法：也叫引申法，只用于反駁論敵。它先假定對(duì)方的論點(diǎn)是正確的，然后以此為前提進(jìn)行推理，結(jié)果引申出來(lái)的結(jié)論是荒謬的、錯(cuò)誤的，當(dāng)然也是不能成立的。

4、歸納法：歸納法是從特殊到一般，即綜合許多具有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的個(gè)別事實(shí)的共同特點(diǎn)，歸納出一般原理和結(jié)論的一種論證方法。

5、定義說(shuō)明：用下定義的方法來(lái)說(shuō)明事物、事理，即用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的文字對(duì)事物的本質(zhì)屬性或概念的內(nèi)涵外延作出確切的說(shuō)明。

6、象征：是以具體、形象的事物，來(lái)寓意或揭示人們對(duì)生活的感受和認(rèn)識(shí)，強(qiáng)化或美化人與物之精神品格的一種藝術(shù)手段和方法。

7、蒙太奇：本是建筑術(shù)語(yǔ)，又轉(zhuǎn)用到電影中，指鏡頭的剪輯、組合；

在寫作中，是指借助某種形式，把不同時(shí)空的生活內(nèi)容巧妙地組接在一起，以表達(dá)生活的內(nèi)容和作者思想感受的一種寫作技法。

8、那輾：一種寫作技法，那輾，是搓挪和輾開之意，搓挪就是在引出描述的主要對(duì)象和問(wèn)題之后，不立即道明，而是左盤右旋，延緩事情的發(fā)展；輾開就是在寫到快要接近矛盾的解決時(shí)，又故意停頓下來(lái)，再遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地宕開去。

9、反諷：一種寫作技法，是以超然的態(tài)度、戲謔的口吻，表達(dá)言外之意的方式。

10、黑色幽默：一種寫作技法，是用喜劇形式表現(xiàn)悲劇的內(nèi)容。

11、懸念：一種寫作技法。指作者精心設(shè)置疑竇和矛盾，以激活讀者閱讀興趣的藝術(shù)手段。

12、詩(shī)歌：一種用豐富新奇的想象和富有節(jié)奏、韻律的語(yǔ)言，高度概括地歌唱生活、抒發(fā)感情的文學(xué)體裁。

13、散文：一種題材廣泛、寫法自由、個(gè)性鮮明、文情并茂的文學(xué)體裁。

五、簡(jiǎn)要回答下列問(wèn)題

1、是指敘述者以局外人的口吻，敘述“他”或“他們”的事情；

是一種最自由靈活的敘述角度；很少受時(shí)間和空間的限制，可以多角度、多方位地刻畫人物。

2、消息寫作的結(jié)構(gòu)方式：是把最重要的內(nèi)容放在消息最前面，把次要的內(nèi)容放在稍后，依據(jù)材料的重要性依次排列，這種結(jié)構(gòu)方式很像倒置的金字塔。

3、文種的性質(zhì)不同 行文目的不同 行文時(shí)間不同 寫法不同 結(jié)尾的用語(yǔ)不同

4、是以“我”（或“我們”）的視角來(lái)觀察和感受，并“我”（“我們”）的口吻來(lái)敘述其所見所聞所思所感；它是一種單向視角；其中的“我”可以是作者，也可以是文章中的人物

5、目的明確：為表現(xiàn)主題服務(wù)；為烘托和刻畫人物服務(wù)；為渲染環(huán)境服務(wù)。抓住特點(diǎn)：抓住特點(diǎn)才能給人一鮮明突出的印象。所謂特點(diǎn)，也就是事物之間的差異。神形俱出：形，指事物的外貌、情態(tài)；神，指事物的內(nèi)涵、神韻。描寫就要求作到神形俱出。

6、針對(duì)性； 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練，不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)； 措辭誠(chéng)懇，語(yǔ)言得體。

7、內(nèi)容的科學(xué)性

態(tài)度的客觀性

闡述的條理性

語(yǔ)言的平易性

8、提煉反映時(shí)代精神的主題

選取具有典型意義的材料

靈活運(yùn)用多種表達(dá)方法

9、實(shí)用性 針對(duì)性 程式性 時(shí)效性 簡(jiǎn)明性

六、寫作小練習(xí)

1、關(guān)于擬請(qǐng)XX省派員參加貿(mào)易小組赴德的函

冶金部函[1999]28號(hào)

XX省人民政府：

中國(guó)光大進(jìn)出口總公司擬于2000年2月底派一貿(mào)易小組赴德國(guó)進(jìn)行推銷和調(diào)研活動(dòng)，擬請(qǐng)你省光大進(jìn)出口分公司派一名精通業(yè)務(wù)并懂英語(yǔ)的業(yè)務(wù)員參加。如同意，請(qǐng)將給你省審批的出國(guó)人員的批件，于1月底以前寄中國(guó)光大進(jìn)出口總公司。

即請(qǐng)復(fù)函。

冶金部

一九九九年十二月二十八日

2、通 告

為支持我市老年大學(xué)舉辦的“青松杯”老年自行車比賽，保證賽事順利進(jìn)行，經(jīng)市政府批準(zhǔn)，決定在2003年2月10日上午9時(shí)至12時(shí)期間，將對(duì)東環(huán)路、北環(huán)路、南環(huán)西路、學(xué)院路實(shí)行交通管制。屆時(shí)除警車、救護(hù)車、消防車、工程搶險(xiǎn)車外，將禁止一切機(jī)動(dòng)車輛通行。

特此通告。

XX市公安局 2003年2月9日

3、會(huì)議通知 XX大學(xué)：

為了研究和探討當(dāng)前高校教學(xué)改革的有關(guān)問(wèn)題，我廳決定召開高等教育教學(xué)改革研討會(huì)議?，F(xiàn)將有關(guān)事項(xiàng)通知如下：

會(huì)議參加人員：主管教學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)或教育處長(zhǎng)會(huì)議時(shí)間：2007年7月18日～24日，會(huì)期7天

報(bào)到時(shí)間：7月18日

報(bào)到和會(huì)議地點(diǎn)：南京理工大學(xué)招待所

會(huì)議要求：

1、請(qǐng)各校在接到通知半月內(nèi)交教改論文一篇，交高教處；

2、會(huì)議費(fèi)XX元，自理。

XX省教育廳（印章）

二00七年六月二十日)

4、共青團(tuán)全國(guó)鐵道委員會(huì)文件

××〔2012〕×號(hào)

____________________________________________________________________________

關(guān)于表彰李堅(jiān)同學(xué)舍己救人、英勇獻(xiàn)身的通報(bào)

各所屬單位：

李堅(jiān)同學(xué)是阿城鐵路中學(xué)學(xué)生，剛滿14周歲。2012年5月2日，星期天，李堅(jiān)和另外四名小朋友在河邊玩耍，忽然張昆同學(xué)不慎落入水中，李堅(jiān)當(dāng)即跳下水去營(yíng)救，張昆得救了，而李堅(jiān)卻獻(xiàn)出了年輕的生命。

根據(jù)李堅(jiān)的英雄事跡，共青團(tuán)全國(guó)鐵路委員會(huì)和共青團(tuán)黑龍江省委決定，授予李堅(jiān)為“優(yōu)秀少先隊(duì)員”，并根據(jù)他生前要求，追認(rèn)他為共青團(tuán)員，同時(shí)號(hào)召全國(guó)鐵路系統(tǒng)和省內(nèi)各地的小朋友向李堅(jiān)同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，做一個(gè)有理想、有道德、無(wú)私無(wú)畏的好孩子。

（印章）

二0一二年五月二十八日

5、錯(cuò)誤之處有：

(1)標(biāo)題文種錯(cuò)誤?；?qū)懻?qǐng)示，要求上級(jí)批給指標(biāo)。這適宜單獨(dú)申請(qǐng)?；?qū)憟?bào)告，報(bào)送招生計(jì)劃表。從文中的意思是顯然是后者。

(2)內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)符合報(bào)送報(bào)告的特點(diǎn)。

(3)?引述來(lái)文不合乎《辦法》的規(guī)定。應(yīng)先引述來(lái)文標(biāo)題，再引來(lái)文發(fā)文字號(hào)。

(4)文件用語(yǔ)，第一人稱，不宜用“我們”，要符合法定作者的身份，改為“我?！?。

全文修改如下：

×××大學(xué)文件

×校發(fā)〔2012×〕××號(hào) 簽發(fā)人：×××

關(guān)于2012年招生計(jì)劃的報(bào)告

市教育委員會(huì)：

教委《關(guān)于申報(bào)2012招生專業(yè)計(jì)劃的通知》（×發(fā)〔2012〕×號(hào)）已收到。我校決定落實(shí)文件的精神，積極發(fā)展高等職業(yè)教育，辦好社會(huì)所需要的各種新型專業(yè)。我校各院系2012年計(jì)劃辦25個(gè)專業(yè)，招收本?？茖W(xué)生共3000名。現(xiàn)特將《招生計(jì)劃表》報(bào)審，請(qǐng)查收。

附：《招生計(jì)劃表》

×××大學(xué)

二○一二年×月×日

主題詞： ×× ×× ×× ××

抄送市人民政府

第三篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作

常用寫作句型

1現(xiàn)象解釋型

模板一

⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 圖表/畫內(nèi)容總概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 現(xiàn)象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸進(jìn)一步闡述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落總結(jié)句.⑼As to me, I think 我的觀點(diǎn)/態(tài)度/建議.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二

Topic

⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 總述社會(huì)現(xiàn)象/事實(shí)現(xiàn)象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸進(jìn)一步闡述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 舉例說(shuō)明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的觀點(diǎn).⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型

⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如圖中所示，在過(guò)去的幾十年中，……急劇增長(zhǎng)。

⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…

圖表顯示數(shù)字下降平緩/明顯，這表明……

⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…

在圖表中，我們可以看到有細(xì)微/很明顯的波動(dòng)，這表明…

⑷Recently, the problems of …h(huán)as become the focus of the public concern.近來(lái)，…問(wèn)題引起公眾極大的關(guān)注。

⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好幾個(gè)因素造成的結(jié)果。

⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有幾個(gè)原因?qū)е铝宋覀兿旅嫠U述的問(wèn)題。

⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解釋該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因并不容易，因?yàn)槠渲猩婕暗胶芏鄰?fù)雜的因素。

⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注…

2問(wèn)題解決型

模板一

Topic

⑴It is well-known that 相關(guān)背景, but nowadays 總述不良現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題.⑵現(xiàn)象具體表現(xiàn)一.⑶現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 該現(xiàn)象 is causing great harm/該現(xiàn)象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解決方法一.⑼進(jìn)一步闡述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解決方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解決方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解決問(wèn)題.模板二

Topic

⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事實(shí)現(xiàn)象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解決問(wèn)題is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解決方法一.⑹進(jìn)一步闡述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解決方法二.⑻For example,支持該方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解決方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 總結(jié)全文.常用句型

⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…

⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…

⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3對(duì)比選擇型

模板一

Topic

⑴Different people have different views on看法/問(wèn)題.⑵Somme prefer 一種看法觀點(diǎn).⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不贊同的觀點(diǎn)的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不贊同的觀點(diǎn)的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持觀點(diǎn)的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持觀點(diǎn)的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申觀點(diǎn).模板二

Topic

⑴When it comes to事物/問(wèn)題, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 觀點(diǎn)一.⑶In their opinion, 觀點(diǎn)一的理由一.⑷Besides, 觀點(diǎn)一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that觀點(diǎn)二.⑹They maintain that 觀點(diǎn)二的理由一.⑺And 觀點(diǎn)二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 觀點(diǎn)一/觀點(diǎn)二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 舉例說(shuō)明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式

⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…

⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that

4觀點(diǎn)論證型

模板一

⑴ It is true that 普遍的觀點(diǎn).⑵ However, 不同的觀點(diǎn)/現(xiàn)象.⑶ I think,我的觀點(diǎn).⑷ 理由或其他論據(jù) can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，論據(jù)一.⑹ Secondly, 論據(jù)二.⑺ For example, 支持論據(jù)二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 論據(jù)

三.⑼ A case in point is 支持論據(jù)三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申觀點(diǎn).⑾ Therefore, 與該觀點(diǎn)相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 總結(jié)全文.模板二

Topic

⑴ Many people believe that 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象/事實(shí).⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具體表現(xiàn)一.⑷ In addition, 具體表現(xiàn)二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 闡述第一個(gè)例子⑺ For another example, 引出并說(shuō)明第二個(gè)例子.⑻ Moreover, 闡述第三個(gè)例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申觀點(diǎn).⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出個(gè)人建議.⑾ In short,總結(jié)全文.常用句式

⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…

⑵ It is believed that …

⑶ There are many reasons explaining …

⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …

5應(yīng)用文

⑴建議信模板

Date

Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…

⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…

⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡議書模板

Date

Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high

time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求職信模板

Date

Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in

_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature

常用句式

⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …

⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …

⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作模版

（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as to the view of(主題).Some people hold the idea that(觀點(diǎn)A).A case in point is that(支持觀點(diǎn)A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view.According to them,(觀點(diǎn)B).The most typical example is that(支持觀點(diǎn)B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some

extent, but the latter is more convincing.2）模版二(主題)is a common occurrence in our lives.The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person.Some people tend to ______when they are asked(觀點(diǎn)A)because(支持觀點(diǎn)A的原因).The most typical example is that(支持觀點(diǎn)A的例子).However, others argue that(觀點(diǎn)B).They point out that(重申觀點(diǎn)B)for the reason that(支持觀點(diǎn)B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to(你的觀點(diǎn))because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2）My View 型（1）模版一 When asked about(主題), some people hold the idea that 觀點(diǎn)A).As far as they are concerned,(展開觀點(diǎn)A).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(觀點(diǎn)B).The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place,(支持觀點(diǎn)B的理由1).In the second place,(支持觀點(diǎn)B的理由2).In the third place,(支持觀點(diǎn)B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe(重申觀點(diǎn)B).（2）模版二 Some people believe that(觀點(diǎn)A).For instance, they hold the idea that(支持觀點(diǎn)A的例子).And it may bring them（A帶給他們的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意的理由1).For another,(我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, I agree to the thought that(重申自己的觀點(diǎn)).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer(主題)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand,(主題的優(yōu)點(diǎn)1).On the other hand,(主題的優(yōu)點(diǎn)2).But everything can be divided into two.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that(主題的缺點(diǎn)1).To make matters

worse,（主題的缺點(diǎn)2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(主題)itself is

neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of(主題現(xiàn)象)is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with,(原因1).Furthermore,(原因2).Eventually,(原因3).Good as(主題現(xiàn)象)is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages.The apparent example is that(缺點(diǎn)例子1).In addition,(缺點(diǎn)例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate(主題現(xiàn)象)and make our life more comfortable.圖表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一個(gè)原因).More

importantly, …(第二個(gè)原因).Most important of all, …(第三個(gè)原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for

quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號(hào)里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢(shì)).提綱式作文 1.對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing（X）.They point out the fact that 支持（X）的第一個(gè)原因。They also argue that 支持（X）的另一個(gè)原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do（X）.They firmly point out that 反對(duì)（X）的第一個(gè)理由。An eample can give the details of this argument:

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of（X）overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,（X）also may（X）的有一個(gè)壞處。

2.批駁觀點(diǎn)式Many people argue that 錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)。By saying that, they mean 對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個(gè)

例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀

點(diǎn)。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3.社會(huì)問(wèn)題(現(xiàn)象)式 Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common

concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說(shuō)明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個(gè)例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..辯論式議論文模版

模版1Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 觀點(diǎn)1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 觀點(diǎn)2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 論據(jù)1.More importantly, 論據(jù)2.Most important of all, 論據(jù)3.In summary, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或:From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).模版2People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 觀點(diǎn)1, while others point out that 觀點(diǎn)2.As far as I am concerned, the

former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 論據(jù)1.For another, 論據(jù)2.Last but not the least, 論據(jù)3.To conclude, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn).As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).模版3There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn))。Some people are of the view that 觀點(diǎn)1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點(diǎn)2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 論據(jù)1。Furthermore, 論據(jù)2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 論據(jù)3。

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。

As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測(cè).(I)說(shuō)明原因型模塊

Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX

It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon

(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注釋: 1:XX的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn) 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法

4:XX的第二個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn) 5:舉例證明優(yōu)點(diǎn)二 6:說(shuō)明XX優(yōu)點(diǎn)三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文:The importance of self-confidence

Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your

enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that

(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).(I)說(shuō)明原因型模塊(2)

In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind

people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has

caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from,children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what

programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.Nowadays, there are more and more [某種現(xiàn)象] in [某種場(chǎng)合].It is estimated that [相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)].Why have there been so many [某種現(xiàn)象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某種現(xiàn)象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解決辦法一].On the other hand, [解決辦法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某種現(xiàn)象].為便于讀者理解，我特意用這個(gè)模板，寫了一篇關(guān)于ghost writer(捉刀代筆的槍手)的示范性小作文，請(qǐng)您觀摩一下。

Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 槍手] in [China's examinations / 中國(guó)的考場(chǎng)].It is estimated that [5％ examinees are ghost writers / 5％的應(yīng)試者是槍手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 槍手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主無(wú)知].Besides,[hirers' indolence / 雇主懶惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主遲鈍].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 槍手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斬首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 槍手].（I）說(shuō)明原因型

模塊

（一）Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the

number of XX.Generation gap between parents and children

Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and

children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children

usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?

Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to

talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the

pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum

up ,the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand ,(parents also should show solicitue for

their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.（I）說(shuō)明原因型 模塊（2）In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover ,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remindpeople that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television

In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels.It has

caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much

exercise as they should).Then , there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their

ability to achieve in school).Moreover ,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV

viewing).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply.（I）說(shuō)明原因型 模塊（3）

Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result , your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your

plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon

(6).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(7).注釋：： XX的第一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn) 2： 支持XX的做法 3：不支持XX的做法 4：XX的第二個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)

5：舉例證明優(yōu)點(diǎn)二6：說(shuō)明XX優(yōu)點(diǎn)三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文：

The importance of self-confidence

Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuablethan self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power

to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome

difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true.On the contrary,if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that

you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。

It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light

when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect

that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and

self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound

influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(he that can have

self-confidence can have what he will).綜合運(yùn)用篇

Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題，其中之一便是____________。

As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，對(duì)于此類問(wèn)題，人們持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)

As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人們開始關(guān)注.....As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.關(guān)于是否值得________的問(wèn)題，一直以來(lái)爭(zhēng)論不休。當(dāng)然，不同的人對(duì)此可能持不同的觀點(diǎn)。

Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注，有人開始擔(dān)心______________。

展現(xiàn)問(wèn)題篇

Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近來(lái)，是否_______的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。

The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利與弊已在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)引起熱烈的討論。

At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人認(rèn)為_______而另一些人則認(rèn)為_______。其實(shí)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都其可取之處。

People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.對(duì)于這種極具爭(zhēng)議的話題，我們很難作出絕對(duì)的回答。

People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對(duì)同一種問(wèn)題的解釋不盡相同。

The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.這中極具爭(zhēng)議性的話題往往很受社會(huì)的關(guān)注。不同的人對(duì)此問(wèn)題的看法也不盡相同。

When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...說(shuō)到___，有人認(rèn)為____，而另一些人則認(rèn)為___。

There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of..There who criticize...argue that..., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，___問(wèn)題爭(zhēng)議較大。批判_______的人認(rèn)為___，他們認(rèn)為____，不過(guò)，另一方面，贊同__的人則認(rèn)為___。

1、常用與開頭的短語(yǔ)、句式

（1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。

（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …

（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).（5）Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China.some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…

（6）There are some reasons for owning(private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…

（7）There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something

（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…

（10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…

（11）The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products)are…

2．常用于結(jié)尾的短語(yǔ)、句式

（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to。。

（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is。。

（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。

（4）In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。

（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。

（6）It is time for us to take an active part in。。

（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）

1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．．

例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

2．表示好處1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．

5）It is of great benefit to us．

例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．

3．表示壞處1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmfulto us．

例： However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．

4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．

例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．

6．表示變化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作

1.對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)式

A．有人認(rèn)為#是好事，贊成#，為什么？

B．有人認(rèn)為# 是壞事，反對(duì)#，為什么？

C．我的看法。

模板:

With the development of our society, # has increasingly become a common concern of the public.(可再加一句情況說(shuō)明)

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing #.They point out the fact that 支持# 的第一個(gè)原因.They also argue that 支持# 的另一個(gè)原因.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do #.They firmly point out that 反對(duì)# 的第一個(gè)理由.What’s more, 反對(duì)# 的第二個(gè)理由.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of#/doing # 的好處overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(結(jié)尾一段也可選用這種方式:

Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of #/doing # 的好處, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)

Colleges Have Opened Their Doors Wider With the development of our society, the fact that colleges have opened their doors wider has increasingly become a common concern of the public.Some people are in favor of the idea of opening the colleges’ doors wider.They point out the fact that it allows more students to pursue higher education.They also argue that it will provide more talents for our society.However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to open the colleges’ doors wider.They firmly point out that it will be much harder for the graduates to find a job.What’s more, it will lead to a social problem.There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of

opening the colleges’ doors wider overweigh the disadvantages.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.(141 words)(結(jié)尾一段也可選用這種方式: Therefore, in my opinion, although there are advantages of opening the colleges’ doors wider, its negative effects should not be ignored.Given more correct directions, all of us can benefit more from it.)(141 words)

2.社會(huì)問(wèn)題(現(xiàn)象)式

A．一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題或者現(xiàn)象

B．產(chǎn)生的原因

C．我的看法。

Work in the Countryside(positive)

1.許多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生自愿到農(nóng)村工作

2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因

3.我的看法

Work in the Countryside With more and more university graduates in our society, how to find a good job has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that many university graduates would like to work in the countryside.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that with more and more university students graduating each year, the job market competition becomes more and more fierce, and many graduates cannot find jobs in the cities.Secondly, most villages that are trying to employ university graduates have developed well.It makes mot much difference whether to work in the countryside or in the city.Last but not least, some university graduates who come from the

countryside are eager to go back home to contribute to the construction of their hometown.Based on the above reasons, I think university graduates should go to work where they are needed most and where they can make full use of their talents.Working in the countryside can be truly an advisable(明智的)choice.(170 words)Misleading News(negative)

1.當(dāng)今社會(huì)虛假新聞越來(lái)越多

2.分析出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因

3.呼吁社會(huì)改變這種不智之舉

With the development of our society, misleading news has increasingly become a common concern of the public.It is reported that there are more and more misleading news in our society.There are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To start with, it is a fact that there are more and more modern communication tools in the world, misleading news can easily spread.Secondly, some journalists would like to draw public attention and increase the sales by publishing misleading news.Last but not least, the public would like to share some interesting news which may be misleading.Based on the above discussions, I think we should take action to prevent misleading news.Think twice before we speak can be truly an advisable choice.(124 words)

3.應(yīng)用文

寫信:感謝信, 投訴信，道歉信,邀請(qǐng)信,申請(qǐng)(貸款、入學(xué)、求職)，請(qǐng)求別人幫忙（寫推薦信，搜查資料)

Dear Sir or Madam,(不知是誰(shuí)的情況下，如果有要求寫給誰(shuí)要寫上具體的名稱)

I am a student/customer who….I am writing to thank you for/complain about/apologize for/invite you to do/apply for/ask for your help to do sth.描述過(guò)程或原因.When I …, I was really thankful/upset/sorry /honored/interested/upset.I sincerely hope that ….If you can…, I will be really….I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily

A Letter to Apply for a Student Loan

1.介紹你的個(gè)人情況

2.申請(qǐng)助學(xué)貸款的原因、數(shù)額及用途

3.如何保證專款專用以及你的還款

Dear Sir or Madam,I am a sophomore in Peking University who majors in Engineering.I am writing to apply for a student loan of 2,000 yuan.It is hard for me to make the application, but I have to.Last year both my parents were laid off, and what’s worse, three weeks ago my mother was discovered to have caught a serious disease.Therefore, I could not get support for my study form my family any more.When I knew that I have the opportunity to apply for the student loan, I was really happy and excited.So I immediately write this letter to you to ask for your help.I sincerely hope that I can get the loan.I promise that all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the next year, and I will repay it within four years, that is, one year after my graduation.If you can grant my application, I will be really grateful.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Lily

(166 words)

4.圖表作文模板

圖表作文提示部分包括圖表和文字要點(diǎn)提示兩部分。圖表的類型主要有：圓形（餅型）圖（pie chart）、柱形圖(直型圖)（graph）、曲線圖（chart）和數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)表(表格)（table）。① 描述圖表 ②分三方面解釋原因 ③下結(jié)論

1)As can be seen from the in______.During the period from _______to _______, ________rose from ________to _______, while _______ decreased from _______ to _______.2)We believe that there are a number of reasons for this phenomenon.To begin with,____.Secondly, ____.Last but not least, _____.3)In conclusion, ______.We can imagine that _____.范文： Health Gains in Developing Countries

1．以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命(1ife expectancy)和嬰兒死亡率(infant mortality)的變化情況

2．說(shuō)明引起變化的各種原因

1960 1990

Health Gains in Developing Countries

life expectancy of developing 40 years nearly 60 years, infant

develops quickly in developing countries during this period, and living quality improves the development of national health care systems.When they become richer and richer, they care more about personal health conditions.medical sciences also develop at a fantastic speed, and it is much safer for mothers to give birth.the situations in developing countries are changing for the better.(169 words)

注:還須注意今年的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,如:就業(yè)(有關(guān)詞匯如: graduate, apply for, applicant, candidate等);經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題(有關(guān)詞匯如: the financial

crisis/tsunami等);或城市交通問(wèn)題等.