第一篇:Summary的寫作技巧和常見句型
Summary的寫作技巧和常見句型
一、概括原文
(一)閱讀 1.讀懂文章
讀文章的時(shí)候,要養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,劃劃寫寫,英文閱讀的時(shí)候,用鉛筆輕輕劃出重點(diǎn)詞匯。
認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù)越多,你對(duì)原文的理解就越深刻。2.拆分文章
按照作者的思路,把文章分段,每個(gè)段落用幾個(gè)詞,幾個(gè)短語概括。盡量簡(jiǎn)短,精煉。段落中心句,在段落的開頭或末尾。有時(shí)也會(huì)變態(tài)的在當(dāng)中。
3.概括主旨
寫出文章的thesis, 一句話概括文章的主旨。
(二)基本結(jié)構(gòu)和技巧 1.重新擬定標(biāo)題
給summary起一個(gè)標(biāo)題。用那些能概括文章主題思想的單詞、短語或短句子作為標(biāo)題。也可以采用文中的主題句作為標(biāo)題。2.闡述觀點(diǎn)
摘要應(yīng)全部用自己的話完成。不要引用原文的句子。寫概述的時(shí)候,如果能夠明確是他人寫作的文章,注意要把作者的名字放在第一句(或者是the author??.)。接著寫出要闡述的main ideas(主要觀點(diǎn))和supporting points(對(duì)主要觀點(diǎn)的支持)。3.詞匯運(yùn)用
注意概述的coherence(連貫性),運(yùn)用好transition words(過渡詞), like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.刪除細(xì)節(jié)
只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。
5.選擇一至兩個(gè)有代表性的例子
原文中可能包括5個(gè)或更多的例子,你只需從中篩選一至二個(gè)例子。6.把長(zhǎng)句變成短句,把長(zhǎng)段的描述變成短小、簡(jiǎn)單的句子。
“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括為:“He was in financial difficulties.”
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括為:”He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括為:“He was in financial difficulties.”
6)你還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:
“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括為:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
7)使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞,比如: “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括為:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”
8)使用最短的連接詞。比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長(zhǎng)的連接詞。通常,使用分號(hào)就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。
9)文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱,從而把大段的對(duì)白簡(jiǎn)化,比如:
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not!If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient.She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul.She wanted to persuade him.She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you.It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks.It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” 可以用第三人稱概括為:
Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt.She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food.But Paul disagreed.He said that food without salt would be tasteless.7.注意問題(1)避免重復(fù)
在原文中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)主題,可能會(huì)重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在summary中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。
(2)不要把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)行添加給作者(3)概述長(zhǎng)度不要超過原文章的1/4(4)不要過多照搬原作者的用詞,用句
(盡可能用自己的話來寫,但不排斥用原文的某些詞句)。
(5)最后檢查一遍,確保文中沒有語病,沒有語法錯(cuò)誤和拼寫錯(cuò)誤。
二、論文摘要
摘要的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容 因?yàn)檎举|(zhì)上就是一篇高度濃縮的論文,所以其構(gòu)成與論文主體的結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)應(yīng)的。因此,摘要應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容梗概:(1)目的:研究工作的前提、目的和任務(wù), 所涉及的主題范圍;(2)方法:所用的理論、條件、手段等;(3)結(jié)果(4)結(jié)果的分析、比較、評(píng)價(jià)、應(yīng)用,提出的問題,今后的課題, 假設(shè)、啟發(fā)、建議、預(yù)測(cè)等;(5)其他:不屬于研究、研制、調(diào)查的主要目的,但具有重要的信息價(jià)值。
(一)引言部分 1.回顧研究背景
常用詞匯有:review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。This paper outlines some of the basic discusses about…….2.闡明寫作或研究目的 常用詞匯有:purpose, attempt, aim等。另外還可以用動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)目的狀語來表達(dá)。例如: To investigate the mechanism of…….3.介紹論文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容或研究范圍
常用的詞匯有:study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。Here we study the…….This article includes a brief review of………
(二)方法部分 1.介紹研究過程 常用詞匯有:test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。We present an analysis of …….2.說明研究或試驗(yàn)方法
常用詞匯有:measure, estimate, calculate等。We have developed a……model to estimate ……..This study presents estimates of……..(三)結(jié)果部分 1.展示研究結(jié)果
常用詞匯有:show, result, present等。
We show this cell death to be dependent upon…… Our results suggest that…… 2.介紹結(jié)論
常用詞匯有:summary, introduce, conclude等。
By means of a series of examples, we conclude that……
(四)討論部分
1.陳述論文的論點(diǎn)和作者的觀點(diǎn)
常用詞匯有:suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe等。The results suggest that…… In this study, we describe …….2.闡明論證
常用詞匯有:support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。3.推薦和建議
常用詞匯有:suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
SUMMARY的最常見格式是總分總.開頭籠統(tǒng)的介紹以下,給讀者一個(gè)大概的概念,然后分段總結(jié)這個(gè)你好總結(jié)的東東的各個(gè)方面.關(guān)鍵看你要寫多少字,概括的是什么,再?zèng)Q定中間這部分是分小段還是一大段內(nèi),分開概括.最后就是總結(jié)了.有的時(shí)候你會(huì)感覺總結(jié)和開篇介紹很相似,確實(shí)是這樣,但是總結(jié)只是更近一步的對(duì)這個(gè)事物進(jìn)行了概括.這個(gè)時(shí)候,讀者就應(yīng)該對(duì)你所總結(jié)的事物有一種整體上的認(rèn)識(shí)了.一段好的摘要必須包括main idea和supporting details。main idea說明文章的主旨,作者主要訴說的故事是關(guān)于什么?supporting details則幫助發(fā)展或說明主題。如何寫英文摘要
概述
文章摘要是對(duì)所寫文章主要內(nèi)容的精煉概括。美國(guó)人稱摘要為“Abstract”,而英國(guó)人則喜歡稱其為“Summary”。
通常國(guó)際刊物要求所要刊登的文章字?jǐn)?shù),包括摘要部分不超過1萬字。而對(duì)文章摘要部分的字?jǐn)?shù)要求則更少。因此,寫摘要時(shí),應(yīng)用最為簡(jiǎn)練的語言來表達(dá)論文之精華。論文摘要的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在所研究的成果和結(jié)論上。
國(guó)際會(huì)議要求的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)不等,一般為200字-500字。而國(guó)際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面,內(nèi)容上涵蓋全文,并直接點(diǎn)明全旨。語言上要求盡量簡(jiǎn)煉。摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫。
科學(xué)書籍、論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告一般都附有內(nèi)容摘要,這樣可以節(jié)省讀者的時(shí)間,使他們不必讀完整個(gè)文章就能夠了解它的主要內(nèi)容。書籍摘要,一般放在封二或封三;論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告的摘要,一般放在正文前面。摘要應(yīng)做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要,切題,能獨(dú)立成文,使讀者能準(zhǔn)確地了解書籍的要義。寫摘要時(shí),最好用第三人稱的完整的陳述句,文長(zhǎng)一般不超過200個(gè)詞。摘要分陳述性的(Descriptive)和資料性的(Informational)兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書籍或文章的主題,不介紹內(nèi)容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外,還應(yīng)介紹文章的要點(diǎn)和各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的主要內(nèi)容。
它可以包括三個(gè)組成部分
①點(diǎn)明主題,解析文章或書籍的目的或意圖;
②介紹主要內(nèi)容,使讀者迅速了解文章或書籍的概貌; ③提出結(jié)論或建議,以供讀者參考。
二、常見句型
1)This paper deals with..2)This article focuses on the topics of(that, having, etc).3)This essay presents knowledge that...4)This thesis discusses...5)This thesis analyzes...6)This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on..8)This article gives an overview of...9)This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10)This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up 12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes..16)This essay represents the proceedings of.17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...?
27)This paper develops the theory of..28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This essay is related to...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of...37)This paper reports the latest information on..38)The author of this article reviews..39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this essay tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine..42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...破題用語,一般有:
①The author of this article reviews(or: discusses, describes, summarizes, examines)something?
②This article has been prepared(or: designed, written)?.③The purpose of this article is to determine something?.④The problem of something is discussed ??.結(jié)論和建議,一般有以下幾種寫法:
①The author suggests(recommends, concludes)that?? ②This article shows that?.③It is suggested that??.④The author's suggestion(or: conclusion)is that ? ⑤The author finds it necessary to ?.
第二篇:有關(guān)summary的寫作技巧
Summary的寫法1
一、概括原文
(一)閱讀
1.讀懂文章
讀文章的時(shí)候,要養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,劃劃寫寫,英文閱讀的時(shí)候,用鉛筆輕輕劃出重點(diǎn)詞匯。
認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多讀兩遍。閱讀次數(shù)越多,你對(duì)原文的理解就越深刻。
2.拆分文章
按照作者的思路,把文章分段,每個(gè)段落用幾個(gè)詞,幾個(gè)短語概括。盡量簡(jiǎn)短,精煉。
段落中心句,在段落的開頭或末尾。有時(shí)也會(huì)變態(tài)的在當(dāng)中。
3.概括主旨
寫出文章的thesis, 一句話概括文章的主旨。
(二)基本結(jié)構(gòu)和技巧
1.重新擬定標(biāo)題
給summary起一個(gè)標(biāo)題。用那些能概括文章主題思想的單詞、短語或短句子作為標(biāo)題。也可以采用文中的主題句作為標(biāo)題。
2.闡述觀點(diǎn)
摘要應(yīng)全部用自己的話完成。不要引用原文的句子。寫概述的時(shí)候,如果能夠明確是他人寫作的文章,注意要把作者的名字放在第一句(或者是the author…….)。接著寫出要闡述的main ideas(主要觀點(diǎn))和supporting points(對(duì)主要觀點(diǎn)的支持)。
3.詞匯運(yùn)用
注意概述的coherence(連貫性),運(yùn)用好transition words(過渡詞), like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.刪除細(xì)節(jié)
只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。
5.選擇一至兩個(gè)有代表性的例子
原文中可能包括5個(gè)或更多的例子,你只需從中篩選一至二個(gè)例子。6.把長(zhǎng)句變成短句,把長(zhǎng)段的描述變成短小、簡(jiǎn)單的句子。“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括為:“He was in financial difficulties.”
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括為:”He was very brave in battle.”
“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括為:“He was in financial difficulties.”
6)你還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:
“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括為:”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”
7)使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞,比如:
“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”
可以概括為:”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.” 8)使用最短的連接詞。比如,可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though,不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等較長(zhǎng)的連接詞。通常,使用分號(hào)就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。
9)文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱,從而把大段的對(duì)白簡(jiǎn)化,比如:
Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not!If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient.She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul.She wanted to persuade him.She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you.It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks.It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” 可以用第三人稱概括為:
Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt.She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food.But Paul disagreed.He said that food without salt would be tasteless.7.注意問題(1)避免重復(fù)
在原文中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)主題,可能會(huì)重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在summary中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。
(2)不要把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)行添加給作者(3)概述長(zhǎng)度不要超過原文章的1/4(4)不要過多照搬原作者的用詞,用句
(盡可能用自己的話來寫,但不排斥用原文的某些詞句)。
(5)最后檢查一遍,確保文中沒有語病,沒有語法錯(cuò)誤和拼寫錯(cuò)誤。
二、論文摘要
摘要的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容 因?yàn)檎举|(zhì)上就是一篇高度濃縮的論文,所以其構(gòu)成與論文主體的結(jié)構(gòu)是對(duì)應(yīng)的。因此,摘要應(yīng)包括以下內(nèi)容梗概:(1)目的:研究工作的前提、目的和任務(wù), 所涉及的主題范圍;(2)方法:所用的理論、條件、手段等;(3)結(jié)果(4)結(jié)果的分析、比較、評(píng)價(jià)、應(yīng)用,提出的問題,今后的課題, 假設(shè)、啟發(fā)、建議、預(yù)測(cè)等;(5)其他:不屬于研究、研制、調(diào)查的主要目的,但具有重要的信息價(jià)值。
(一)引言部分
1.回顧研究背景 常用詞匯有:review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。This paper outlines some of the basic discusses about…….2.闡明寫作或研究目的
常用詞匯有:purpose, attempt, aim等。另外還可以用動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)目的狀語來表達(dá)。例如:
To investigate the mechanism of…….3.介紹論文的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容或研究范圍
常用的詞匯有:study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。
Here we study the…….This article includes a brief review of………
(二)方法部分
1.介紹研究過程
常用詞匯有:test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。
We present an analysis of …….2.說明研究或試驗(yàn)方法
常用詞匯有:measure, estimate, calculate等。We have developed a……model to estimate ……..This study presents estimates of……..(三)結(jié)果部分
1.展示研究結(jié)果
常用詞匯有:show, result, present等。
We show this cell death to be dependent upon…… Our results suggest that…… 2.介紹結(jié)論
常用詞匯有:summary, introduce, conclude等。
By means of a series of examples, we conclude that……
(四)討論部分
1.陳述論文的論點(diǎn)和作者的觀點(diǎn)
常用詞匯有:suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe等。The results suggest that…… In this study, we describe …….2.闡明論證
常用詞匯有:support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。
3.推薦和建議
常用詞匯有:suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
Summary 2
一、概述文章摘要是對(duì)所寫文章主要內(nèi)容的精煉概括。美國(guó)人稱摘要為“Abstract”,而英國(guó)人則喜歡稱其為“Summary”。
通常國(guó)際刊物要求所要刊登的文章字?jǐn)?shù),包括摘要部分不超過1萬字。而對(duì)文章摘要部分的字?jǐn)?shù)要求則更少。因此,寫摘要時(shí),應(yīng)用最為簡(jiǎn)練的語言來表達(dá)論文之精華。論文摘要的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在所研究的成果和結(jié)論上。
國(guó)際會(huì)議要求的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)不等,一般為200字-500字。而國(guó)際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面,內(nèi)容上涵蓋全文,并直接點(diǎn)明全旨。語言上要求盡量簡(jiǎn)煉。摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫。
科學(xué)書籍、論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告一般都附有內(nèi)容摘要,這樣可以節(jié)省讀者的時(shí)間,使他們不必讀完整個(gè)文章就能夠了解它的主要內(nèi)容。書籍摘要,一般放在封二或封三;論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告的摘要,一般放在正文前面。摘要應(yīng)做到簡(jiǎn)明扼要,切題,能獨(dú)立成文,使讀者能準(zhǔn)確地了解書籍的要義。寫摘要時(shí),最好用第三人稱的完整的陳述句,文長(zhǎng)一般不超過200個(gè)詞。
摘要分陳述性的(Descriptive)和資料性的(Informational)兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書籍或文章的主題,不介紹內(nèi)容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外,還應(yīng)介紹文章的要點(diǎn)和各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的主要內(nèi)容。
它可以包括三個(gè)組成部分
① 點(diǎn)明主題,解析文章或書籍的目的或意圖; ②介紹主要內(nèi)容,使讀者迅速了解文章或書籍的概貌; ③提出結(jié)論或建議,以供讀者參考。
二、常見句型
常見的摘要句型有: 1)This paper deals with...2)This article focuses on the topics of(that, having, etc)...3)This essay presents knowledge that...4)This thesis discusses...5)This thesis analyzes...6)This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8)This article gives an overview of...9)This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10)This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This essay represents the proceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze..21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of...28)This
第三步:修改成文
草稿擬好以后,對(duì)它進(jìn)行修改。首先,與原文比較看是否把所有重要的觀點(diǎn)都概括了,摘要中的觀點(diǎn)是否與原文中的完全一致。其次,如果摘要中出現(xiàn)了不必要的詞匯、短語或長(zhǎng)句子,刪除它們。第三,檢查拼寫、語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的錯(cuò)誤。最后,保持語言簡(jiǎn)單明了。
附:摘要寫作(summary writing)是一種控制性的作文形式,它能使學(xué)生通過閱讀原文,吸收原文的文章結(jié)構(gòu)與語言方面的長(zhǎng)處,寫出內(nèi)容一致、結(jié)構(gòu)近似、語言簡(jiǎn)潔的短文。另外,對(duì)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生善于抓住文章重點(diǎn)的能力也有很大幫助,有利于他們?cè)趯?shí)際寫作中避免面面俱到,事無巨細(xì),一一羅列的不良傾向。這種寫作既要準(zhǔn)確理解原文,又要能綜合概括;既能培養(yǎng)欣賞能力,又能訓(xùn)練書面表達(dá)能力。因此,用英文寫摘要,對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語寫作的學(xué)生來說,不失為一種切合實(shí)際的方法。下面談?wù)勗趺磳懞糜⑽恼?/p>
1)細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀全篇作品,然后對(duì)作品進(jìn)行整體分析,掌握原文總的意思和結(jié)構(gòu),明確全文的主題(the main theme)和各段的段落大意(the main idea)。
2)弄清要求。搞清楚是寫全文概要,還是寫某一部分的概要,或者就某些問題寫出要點(diǎn)。
3)列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu),將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表 述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。
4)草擬寫作提綱并寫出初稿。將挑選出的要點(diǎn)作為框架草擬詳細(xì)的提綱,以所列的提綱為依據(jù)寫出摘要的初稿。在寫作時(shí)要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn):(1)摘要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)(main facts);略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)(unnecessary details)。(2)安排好篇幅的比例。摘要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào),即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容,用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。(3)注意段落的連貫和句子的接。要用適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)折詞語貫通全文,切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干的句子。(4)盡可能用自己的話來寫,但不排斥用原文的某些詞句。(5)計(jì)算詞數(shù),看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。
第三篇:英語口語常見句型
瘋狂復(fù)試英語口語句型
在這里列出一些最常用的句子,要熟讀,在面試中要熟練??雌饋砗芎?jiǎn)單,可是要做到脫口而出,不一定很簡(jiǎn)單。
一、第一句話(first word)
見到考官的第一句話,很關(guān)鍵,不用說的很復(fù)雜??梢允且粋€(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,但一定要鏗鏘有力。展示出自信和實(shí)力。千萬不要來一句“sorry, my English is poor”.常見的開頭有:
1.Good morning!may I introduce myself..2.I am glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself.I’m peter white, my NO is …(北大清華等學(xué)校參加面試的考生很多,可能對(duì)考生有一個(gè)編號(hào),說一下自己的編號(hào)顯得很職業(yè),也很正式。)
二、作自我介紹——成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷(making a self-introduction ——developing history)
有很多學(xué)校要求做一個(gè)自我介紹,這一問題并非在請(qǐng)你大談你的個(gè)人歷史??脊偈且谀愕慕榻B中尋找有關(guān)你性格、資歷、志向和生活動(dòng)力的線索。來判斷你是否適合讀MBA。你可以先介紹一下成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)歷,出生地和畢業(yè)學(xué)校等內(nèi)容。在這一部分要介紹的有些特色,讓老師在聽?zhēng)资畟€(gè)人流水帳式的介紹中增加一點(diǎn)樂趣,就權(quán)且當(dāng)作MBA人際關(guān)系管理的第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)吧!
I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,1997.(很簡(jiǎn)單的一句話,一定要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確!要把畢業(yè)學(xué)校的英文準(zhǔn)確名字搞清楚了。)
你可以借光一下家鄉(xiāng)的名人,可以用這句高水平的話,展示高超你高超的口語。
You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”.I think the city really deserves it.另外在介紹性格和愛好的時(shí)候,適合把家庭介紹結(jié)合在一起,可以說父母給了你哪些方面良好的影響。不要流水帳似的介紹家庭成員??梢赃@么說:
Just like my father, I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.Frequently I exchange ideas with my family during super.In addition , during my college years, I was once the chairman of the StudentUnion.These work have urged me developactiveandresponsible characters.在這里給出描述個(gè)人品質(zhì)常用詞匯的中英文對(duì)照,可以參考。
able 有才干的,能干的adaptable 適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的active 主動(dòng)的,活躍的 aggressive 有進(jìn)取心的ambitious 有雄心壯志的amiable 和藹可親的 amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志氣的,有抱負(fù)的audacious有冒險(xiǎn)精神的capable 有能力的,有才能 careful 辦理仔細(xì)的candid 正直的competent 能勝任的constructive 建設(shè)性的cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富創(chuàng)造力的dedicated 有奉獻(xiàn)精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老練的,有策disciplined 守紀(jì)律的dutiful盡職的well-educated 受過良好教育的 efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表達(dá) faithful 守信的,忠誠(chéng)的frank 直率的,真誠(chéng)的generous 寬宏大量的genteel 有教養(yǎng)的impartial 公正的ingenious 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的learned 精通某門學(xué)問的 modest 謙虛的punctual 嚴(yán)守時(shí)刻的sensible 明白事理的systematic有系統(tǒng)的temperate 穩(wěn)健的gentle 有禮貌的independent 有主見的 motivated目的明確的logical 條理分明的objective 客觀的elastic 實(shí)事求是的sporting 光明正大的purposeful 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 tireless 孜孜不倦的humorous 有幽默industrious 勤奮的 intelligent 理解力強(qiáng)的 methodical 有方法的 precise 一絲不茍的responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的 steady 踏實(shí)的sweet-tempered性情溫和的三、作自我介紹——職業(yè)發(fā)展(making a self-introduction ——career development)這是很關(guān)鍵的一部分,也是MBA考官會(huì)重點(diǎn)考察的一部分。要把工作經(jīng)歷和MBA的學(xué)習(xí)以及職業(yè)發(fā)展方向作為一個(gè)整體來談,讓老師感到你選擇MBA是一個(gè)理性的選擇而不是一時(shí)沖動(dòng),選擇MBA是職業(yè)發(fā)展中的一個(gè)必然選擇,而不是因?yàn)檎也坏焦ぷ?。你可以用這些句型:
1、In the past years, I’ve worked at IBM as a software engineer.In my work, I found communication and management is very important.I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning.So I choose MBA!if I am given a chance to study MBA in this famous University, I will stare no effort to master a good command of communication and management skill.(在過去的幾年中,我作為一個(gè)軟件工程師在IBM工作。在工作中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)交流和管理非常的重要。我一直認(rèn)為一個(gè)人很容易落后,如果不持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的話,所以我選擇了MBA!如果我有機(jī)會(huì)在這個(gè)著名的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)MBA,我會(huì)不遺余力的掌握溝通和管理的技能。)
2.Held a post concurrently in Zhongxing CPA.from December,1998 to May,1999.and mainly worked on evaluating project finance and made up cash flow tables.(1998年11月至1999年5月在中興會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所兼職,主要從事財(cái)務(wù)評(píng)價(jià)、現(xiàn)金流量表的編制分析和產(chǎn)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查與跟蹤研究等。)
3.Assistant to the General Manager ofShenzhenPetrochemical Industrial Corporation Ltd.Handled the itinerary schedule of the generalmanager.Met clients as a representative of the corporation.Helped to negotiate a $5,000,000 deal for the corporation.(深圳石油化工集團(tuán)股份有限公司總經(jīng)理助理。安排總經(jīng)理的出差旅行計(jì)劃時(shí)間表。作為公司代表接見客戶。協(xié)助公司談成了一筆五百萬美圓的交易。)
4.assistant tomanagerof accounting department of a joint venture enterprise.Analyzed data and relevant financial statistics, and produced monthly financial statements.(一家合資企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)部門經(jīng)理的助理。分析數(shù)據(jù)及相關(guān)財(cái)務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字,而且提出每月的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告。)
5.Production manager: Initiated quality control resulting in a reduction in working hours by 20% while increasing productivity by 25%.(生產(chǎn)部經(jīng)理:引入質(zhì)量控制,使工作時(shí)數(shù)減少了20%,而生產(chǎn)力則提高了25%。)
6.Staff member of Shanxi Textiles Import and Export Company.Handled import of textiles
from Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan.Increased sales by 25% from 1990 to 1993.Made frequent business trips to these places to negotiate with textile mills.(山西紡織品進(jìn)出口公司職員。處理從香港、澳門、臺(tái)灣進(jìn)口紡織品事宜。從1990年到1993年增加了25%的銷售額。經(jīng)常出差到這些地方跟紡織廠商洽談。)
7.Tourist guide during the summer vacation for Beijing International Travel Service.Conducted tours for foreign tourists on trip around the city.(暑假期間為北京國(guó)際旅行社當(dāng)導(dǎo)游。負(fù)責(zé)外國(guó)旅客在城區(qū)的觀光旅游。)
8.Sales manager.In addition to ordinary sales activities and management of department, responsible for recruiting and training of sales staff members.(銷售部經(jīng)理。除了正常銷售活動(dòng)和部門管理之外,還負(fù)責(zé)招聘與訓(xùn)練銷售人員。)
關(guān)于過去工作的描述是很重要的,同學(xué)們一定要熟記這些句型。要根據(jù)自己的工作經(jīng)歷改造這些句子。
如果你的工作有過比較多的改變,你可以這樣來描述原因:
9.Unfortunately I have had to leave my position, as my employers have been forced to liquidate their business due to the worldwide economic adversity.(很不幸地,本人不得不離職,因這一次世界性的經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣,使我的雇主不得不結(jié)束業(yè)務(wù)。)
10.The only reason why I am leaving the present position is to gain more experience in a trading office.(本人之所以離開目前的工作崗位,唯一的理由是希望能在一家貿(mào)易公司獲得更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)
11.I now wish to enter an office where the work requires greater individual responsibility and judgment than here, and where there is more opportunity for advancement.(目前,本人希望進(jìn)入一家可以擔(dān)負(fù)較大責(zé)任的公司,并希望能提供升遷機(jī)會(huì)。)12.My reason for leaving the company is that I wish to get into the advertising business.(本人離職的原因是希望在廣告業(yè)方面有所發(fā)展。)13.My reason for leaving my present employment is that I am desirous of getting broader experience in trading.(本人離職的理由:希望在貿(mào)易方面,能獲得更廣泛的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)
第四篇:英語常見句型
有時(shí)候會(huì)覺得特別簡(jiǎn)單,但是有時(shí)候又會(huì)覺得這兩種do和doing是英語語法中最常見的句型,句型又特別的不容易記憶,尤其是對(duì)于初學(xué)者來說特別容易搞混。第一次正確的記憶特別的重要,而且記住以后要常常用,這樣就不容易忘記。其實(shí)還有一種簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是找一個(gè)良好的英語環(huán)境,大家都會(huì)聊天,但是大家聊天的時(shí)候都沒有想中文的語法,是因?yàn)槲覀兲焯於荚谥v中文,我們有一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)中文的環(huán)境,如果我們天天都講英文的話,常用英語語法和英語常見句型學(xué)習(xí)就不是問題了。
下面跟大家一起來學(xué)習(xí)常見句型try doing/to do:
try to do 努力,企圖做某事,try doing 試驗(yàn),試著做某事。例如:
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed.我試著種果木花卉,但未成功。
英語語法學(xué)習(xí)就是一個(gè)慢慢積累的過程,學(xué)習(xí)英語不光是要學(xué)習(xí)語法而且要注重英語的聽力和口語,這兩方面也是很重要的。
第五篇:演講常見句型集合
全日制零基礎(chǔ),系統(tǒng)化外語專家 http://www.004km.cnpany, Mr.Jones.我很榮幸介紹我們公司總裁瓊斯先生。2.I appreciate… 我感謝……
I really appreciate your making time in your schedules to attend today.我非常感謝你們今天抽空來參加這個(gè)會(huì)議。3.Thank you for… 感謝您……
Thank you for giving me this opportunity to speak about myself in this special occasion.感謝您給我這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)在這個(gè)特別的場(chǎng)合介紹我自己。4.I’d be happy to…我很高興……
I’d be happy to tell you about my experiences.我很高興和你們分享我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
5.Thank you from the bottom of my heart for…我從心底感謝……
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for giving me this chance to speak to you today.我從心底感謝你們今天給了解這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)在你們前面講話。6.Working together… 一起努力…
Working together, we can make the future better.一起努力,我們將把未來變得更加美好。7.We sincerely hope…我們衷心希望……
We sincerely hope that you will have a wonderful time tonight.我們衷心希望你們今晚過的開心。8.I look forward to… 我期待…… I look forward to seeing you again.我期待著再次見到你們。